3.3

A solar panel is mounted on the roof of a house. Fig. 4.1 shows a section through part of the solar, panel. 4 sunlight trapped air copper pipe, painted black water glass sheet insulating metal backing sheet, painted black material Fig. 4.1 A pump makes water flow through the copper pipes. The water is heated by passing through the solar panel. (a) Select and explain three features of the solar panel that maximise, the final temperature of the water.

Can i get help with this physics(Energy conversion) questions 4.1 and 4.2 and for some figures see the pictures included down here 4. One of the most important energy conversion systems in our modern society is the electric power plant. It is shown schematically below. The chemical energy is first converted to thermal energy in the boiler; thermal energy is then converted to mechanical energy in the turbine; finally, mechanical energy is converted to electricity in the generator. System efficiency is, therefore, Questions 4.1 By how much does the efficiency of a turbine have to increase in order to raise the efficiency of a power plant from 35 to 40%. The efficiencies of the boiler and generator are 90% and 95%. 4.2 In order to achieve the efficiency increase in Problem 4.1 by how much does the inlet steam temperature have to increase? Assume that the efficiency is proportional to the temperature difference between hot and cold steam and that the cold steam is in both cases at 100 °C

Thermodynamics

17.  I need the Equations for the nozzle of gas turbine engine of an airplane. (Balance of energy and mass) everything

4. (2)

Conduction is the process of transferring thermal energy through

3.15 The heating rate that a heat pump delivers to a living space of tempera- ture 20°C is 5 kW. The coefficient of performance of the heat pump is COP = 2. The temperature of the ambient is 0°C. (a) What is the electrical power required by the heat pump? (b) What is the rate at which the heat pump draws heat from the ambient? (c) What is the highest COP value that the heat pump may attain? (d) Is the operation of this heat pump violating the second law of thermodynamics?

University of Basrah - College of Engineering Department of Mechanical Engineering Subject: Power Plant I Class: Fourth Examiner: Dr. Ahmad A. M Alsahlani Notes: Giving Sketches is compulsory wherever needed (Total Ma Q1] Answer the following que Exam: Final-Exam Date: 11/09/2023 Time: 2 Hours 1- Explain how the Geothermal Energy can be utilized to generate electricity. 2- State the two classifications of energy sources and give three examples for each. 3- State three advantages and three disadvantages of using Gas Turbine Power Plant. 4- What are the reasons that lead to a deviation in the ideal gas turbine cycle? 5- Draw a block diagram for a regenerative Rankin Cycle using one open feed water heater. Q2] A closed cycle gas-turbine power plant has a pressure ratio of 10. The air temperature is 35 C at the compressor inlet and 1127 C at the turbine inlet. The received energy at the Qi combustion chamber is 794 kJ/kg. Assume the isentropic efficiency of the turbine is 95%. Determine…

Part I : Analysis of heat exchangers in engineering applications(max. 5 pages)Select any thermal energy system you are interested. Describe the system and statehow the system works. The system should have at least one heat exchanger.Analyse the design of the heat exchangers and their functions in the system. Part Iand Part II are connected. Select a system you are able to complete the exergyanalysis in Part II.Part II: Exergy analysis & performance optimisation of heat exchangersfor a thermal energy system (max. 5 pages)Perform exergy analysis and performance optimization of the thermal energy systemin Part I. For the above question, the thermal energy system i have chosen is a steam rankine cycle, so for part II, i would like exergy analysis and performance optimistaion to be done 3 times over for a steam rankine cycle, show full working calculations for each and explanations. Provide references for any values used.

Part I : Analysis of heat exchangers in engineering applications(max. 5 pages)Select any thermal energy system you are interested. Describe the system and statehow the system works. The system should have at least one heat exchanger.Analyse the design of the heat exchangers and their functions in the system. Part Iand Part II are connected. Select a system you are able to complete the exergyanalysis in Part II.Part II: Exergy analysis & performance optimisation of heat exchangersfor a thermal energy system (max. 5 pages)Perform exergy analysis and performance optimization of the thermal energy systemin Part I.

In an absorption refrigerator, the energy driving the process is sllPplied not as work, but as heat from a gas flame. (Such refrigerators commonly use propane as fuel, and are used in locations where electricity is unavailable. *) Let us define the following symbols, all taken to be positive by definition:                     Qf = heat input from flame                      Qe = heat extracted from inside refrigerator                      Qr = waste heat expelled to room                      Tf = temperature of flame                                         Te temperature inside refrigerator                                           Tr = room temperature Explain why the "coefficient of performance" (COP) for an absorption refrigerator should be defined as Qc/Qf.

In an absorption refrigerator, the energy driving the process is sllPplied not as work, but as heat from a gas flame. (Such refrigerators commonly use propane as fuel, and are used in locations where electricity is unavailable. *) Let us define the following symbols, all taken to be positive by definition:                     Qf = heat input from flame                      Qe = heat extracted from inside refrigerator                      Qr = waste heat expelled to room                      Tf = temperature of flame                                         Te temperature inside refrigerator                                           Tr = room temperature Use the second law of thermodynamics to derive an upper limit on the COP, in terms of the temperatures Tf, Te, and Tr alone.

3.5 A novel heat engine is being considered for producing work from the thermal energy contained in the wastewater discharge from a large food-processing plant. On an average day, 35 ° C wastewater leaves the plant and is discharged into the ocean at 1,000 gallons per minute. If the average annual ocean temperature is 10 ° C at that location, what is the maximum power that could be produced by this heat engine? What would be the thermal cycle efficiency of your maximum power engine? You can assume that the heat capacity of water at constant pressure is constant at 4,200 J/kg K.

Part 1: Do the Analysis of the Ocean Thermal Gradient Power Plant shown below. Your Analysis will be easier to do in EES but it is up to you. Your EES program must be well documented and documentation in your code should reference system sketches. (The cycle and individual components) These sketches are done on attached engineering or typing paper, unless you are able to draw them in EES. You must validate your results with hand calculations on engineering paper that invoke the 1 and 2 Law from the perspective of the entire cycle, not the individual components. Of course, a system sketch is required. nd 1. An ocean thermal gradient power plant using a simple non-ideal Rankine Cycle operates with a peak boiler temperature of 70 °F and a condenser temperature of 40 °F. The warm surface water of the ocean is supplying the thermal energy to the boiler. Assume a high source temperature of 80 °F. The cooler water deeper in the ocean is the sink for heat rejection at the condenser. Assume a…

Q\ Which of the following represents the first law of thermodynamics? Possible Answers: a. While melting, an ice cube remains at the same temperature b. The specific heat of an object explains how easily it changes temperatures c. After falling down the hill, a ball's kinetic energy plus heat energy equals the initial potential energy d. Two systems in equilibrium with a third system are in equilibrium with each other e. If a refrigerator is unplugged, eventually everything inside of it will return to room temperature.

A heat pump is an electrical device that heats a building by pumping heat in from the cold outside. In other words, it's the same as a refrigerator, but its purpose is to warm the hot reservoir rather than to cool the cold reservoir (even though it does both). Let us define the following standard symbols, all taken to be positive by convention:Th = temperature inside buildingTe = temperature outsideQh heat pumped into building in 1 day Qe = heat taken from outdoors in 1 dayW = electrical energy used by heat pump in 1 day Explain why a heat pump is better than an electric furnace, which simply converts electrical work directly into heat. (Include some numerical estimates. )

Goal Solve for the efficiency of a heat engine using a five-step process the includes:1. Making a state table.2. Making a process table.3. Calculating the totals for Work, Heat, and Internal-Energy-Change.4. Identifying the heat input (hot reservoir) and output (cold reservoir).5. Calculating the efficiency of the engine.Problem Shown in the figure to the right is a cyclic process undergone by a heat engine. Your heat engine shall use 7.0 moles of nitrogen gas (diatomic). During the process a->b, the pressure rises by a factor of 2.0. solution- (1) Fill in the State Table (all pressures in Pascals, all volumes in cubic meters, all temperatures in K).   Pressure Volume Temperature a       b       c       (2) Fill in the Process Table (all entries in Joules).   Work Heat dU a->b       b->c       c->a       (3) Find the Totals: Work =  J Heat =  J dU =  J (4) Find the heat input (from "hot reservoir") and the heat output (to…

Physics