FINAL_LABS_BIOS251_Online_Labs_Week_1_Homeostasis_Lab__1 (1)

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Chamberlain University College of Nursing *

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BIOS251

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Feb 20, 2024

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BIOS251 OL, Week 1 Lab Name: Kendra Garrett OL Lab 1: Homeostatic Control: How does the human body keep itself in balance? Learning Objectives: ● List some of the main physiological variables under homeostatic control ● Employ appropriate vocabulary to discuss the processes and concepts of homeostasis ● Explain the steps in a homeostatic pathway from stimulus to response ● Compare different types of feedback loops ● Identify signs of homeostatic disruption and determine the underlying mechanism Introduction: The human body is a very complex combination of finely-tuned machinery. Every organ system is dependent on the other to carry out its physiological functions along with maintaining an internal equilibrium. Homeostasis is the ability of the body to maintain an internal balance to in the body. So how does it always keep everything in balance? In this simulation, you will learn about the underlying regulatory workflow involved in the homeostatic process, through the examples of body temperature, blood pressure, and blood sugar regulation. Observe homeostasis in action You will test different settings on our virtual volunteer, Phineas. You will observe and analyze how the body reacts to the various stimuli such as changes in temperature, heart rate, and blood glucose levels in the body. Using a 3D model of the human body, you will be able to apply one or more stimuli on the test subject, to observe an immediate visible impact on physiological variables. From your observations, you will identify the sensors detecting the stimuli, the control center processing them, and the effectors acting to counter them on Phineas’ body. Finally, you will interpret the resulting changes in those variables to explain the homeostatic phenomenon.

BIOS251 OL, Week 1 Lab Name: Kendra Garrett Part 1: Complete Labster Homeostatic Control Part 2: Report and Reflection Purpose: Describe in your own words and in complete sentences, the purpose of this experiment. The objective of the laboratory is to establish a clear definition of homeostasis and elucidate its role in maintaining equilibrium within the body. Illustrative instances encompass blood pressure, blood sugar, and body temperature, all of which substantiate the central concept of homeostasis. In general, a variety of regulatory mechanisms collaborate to sustain homeostasis in the organism and promote its optimal functioning. Observations: List 2 observations you have made in this simulation. 1. If one of the equilibrium states of the system is disrupted and not restored to its usual range, the feedback loop will become a positive feedback loop. The positive feedback loop is depicted as a continuous loop in which a certain activity intensifies until it becomes unnecessary. 2. Positive feedback is seldom in the body due to the presence of several mechanisms that rely on negative feedback loops. Answer all the questions below:

BIOS251 OL, Week 1 Lab Name: Kendra Garrett 1. Why is it essential to maintain homeostasis? (1 point) Preserving homeostasis is crucial for the optimal operation and endurance of living organisms. Homeostasis pertains to the body's capacity to maintain stability in its internal environment, even in the face of external fluctuations. Homeostasis is vital for several reasons. 2. Provide an example of positive feedback mechanism and identify the stimuli, the central processing unit and the effectors involved in the pathway. (2 points) An instance of a positive feedback system in the human body is the physiological delivery process. The stimuli in the current scenario refer to the contractions of the uterine muscles that occur during childbirth. The central processing unit refers to the endocrine system, specifically the mechanism responsible for the secretion of oxytocin. The effectors refer to the muscular tissues of the uterus. During the onset of labor, the early contractions function as cues that trigger the secretion of oxytocin from the pituitary gland, which acts as the central processing unit. Oxytocin subsequently triggers the uterine muscles (effectors) to contract with increased force. As these contractions escalate, they increase pressure on the cervix, stimulating further oxytocin secretion. This establishes a constructive feedback loop in which each contraction results in more forceful contractions. This process persists until the infant is delivered, at which the feedback system is disrupted. In this positive feedback loop, the stimuli (uterine contractions) result in an augmentation of the central processing unit (oxytocin), which subsequently intensifies the effectors (uterine contractions) until the ultimate objective of birthing is attained. 3. In the simulation, what were the organs involved in homeostatic control? (2 points) The topic discussed in the simulation is the negative feedback loop, which is a mechanism by which the body seeks to restore homeostasis to the stimulus. Glucose concentrations i. Pancreas - Secretes insulin to facilitate glucose uptake by cells. ii. The liver regulates the storage and release of sugar, and it produces glucagon to increase sugar levels.

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BIOS251 OL, Week 1 Lab Name: Kendra Garrett iii. Cells throughout the body get sugar to use as energy. Body temperature i. Neurons in the brain and skin perceive the alteration. ii. The brain transmits signals to the entire body. iii. The nerves move closer to the skin when exposed to cold temperatures and retreat when exposed to hot temperatures. iv. Sweat glands are responsible for perspiring in response to elevated temperatures. 4. Using the figure below identify the abdominopelvic regions (5 points)

BIOS251 OL, Week 1 Lab Name: Kendra Garrett Regions A Right hypochondriac region B Epigastric region C Left hypochondriac region D Right lumbar region E Umbilical region F Left lumbar region G Right iliac region H Hypogastric region I Left iliac region

BIOS251 OL, Week 1 Lab Name: Kendra Garrett 5. Reflection: Reflect on at least 2 key concepts you have learned from this simulation. How would you relate it to the physiological functions of the body? Two key notions i. In each pathway, certain sensors detect stimuli and transmit a signal to a control center inside that pathway, which then deploys effectors to counteract the condition. ii. In humans, the occurrence of a positive feedback loop is rare since the effectors would continuously act on the region, potentially causing instability. Thus, a negative feedback loop is necessary to maintain internal homeostasis. The body's physiological activities rely on particular degrees of stability, and any disruption to homeostasis might result in the body shutting down. Put simply, if the balance is disrupted and the sensors, regulatory mechanisms, or effectors fail to function, the physiological processes will face difficulties operating outside the ideal range. The Positive Feedback Loop fails to sustain homeostasis due to its unidirectional nature, shown by platelets that initiate and cease bleeding. Consequently, the body necessitates an increased supply of platelets. If the Positive Feedback Loop were the primary feedback mechanism, the body would be unable to operate adequately. Grading Rubric: Activity Deliverable Points Part 1 Complete simulation 15 Part 2 Complete lab report and answer questions ● Purpose (1 point) ● Observation (2 points) ● Questions (10 points) ● Reflection (2 points) 15 Total Complete all lab activities 30

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