systems lab 1

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LeTourneau University *

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2232

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Mechanical Engineering

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Feb 20, 2024

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LeTourneau University AVTC2231 Intro Aircraft Systems Laboratory Madalyn Meuser PROJECT NUMBER: AVTC2231-01 TITLE: Introduction to Aircraft Systems Laboratory REFERENCE(S): AMT-A Textbook Pg. 343-347, 383-388, 395-397 AC-65-15A Pg. 309-313 AMT-G Textbook Pg. 591 Fluid Power for Aircraft Pg. 19-32 https://www.aircraftsystemstech.com/p/hydraulic-fluids.html https://www.aircraftsystemstech.com/p/types-of-hydraulic- fluids.html https://www.aircraftsystemstech.com/p/blog-page_7.html LAB EQUIPMENT: Hydraulic Fluid Samples Hydraulic Seals and Fittings LAB OBJECTIVES: 1. The student will be introduced to the Aircraft Systems laboratory, course requirements and safety procedures. 2. The student will identify, select and explain basic characteristics of standard aircraft hydraulic fluids. 3. The student will identify and select standard hydraulic system seals and packings. LAB OVERVIEW: Aircraft hydraulic systems are critical to the safe, proper operation of modern aircraft. The lifeblood of a hydraulic system is the fluid that moves through the aircraft in rigid lines and flexible hoses. The hydraulic fluid used in modern aircraft systems is exposed to a wide range of operating conditions. Selection of proper fluid and a correct determination of the fluid condition are important elements of hydraulic system maintenance. Seals and fittings connect the lines and components to each other. This project will give you an opportunity to investigate different types of seals and fittings. LAB PREPARATION: 1. Not Applicable. LAB PROCEDURES: 1. Lab Familiarization (30 min.) A. Review course syllabus with instructor. B. Review safety rules and proper lab procedures. 2. Hydraulic Fluid Identification and Familiarization. (1 hr.) A. Identify the aircraft fluids provided by the instructor. 1) Using a table format, describe the fluids in each of the bottles provided. Include School of Aeronautical Science Page 1 - a

LeTourneau University observed properties for each fluid. (e.g. color, evaporates easily, oily, etc.) Caution! Do not spill the fluid. Fluid Color Evaporative Consistency Viscosity Odor Skydrol 500B- 4 purple Not very watery low Vinegar/oil Jack Oil Bright yellow Not very oil thicker Little bit like oil MIL-H-5606 red Yes a little bit Mix of oil and water In the middle fuel Exxon Hi-Jet Olive green Little bit Thick water Middle viscosity Oil/fuel Jet A yellowish very watery low Spicy fuel Avgas 100LL Light blue very watery low Chemical spray fuel Skydrol 5 Light green/grey Not really Mostly watery low Faint oil B. Answer the following questions using the references listed above . 1) Identify the 3 basic varieties of aviation hydraulic fluids. 2) List the 7 different hydraulic fluid specifications used in aircraft along with the identification number, color, and principle characteristics of each. (Use a table format) 3. Type Base Color Characteristics Seal Material Solvent MIL-H-7644 vegetable blue Castor oil, alcohol flammable Natural rubber alcohol MIL-H-5606 mineral red Kerosine petroleum, flammable Neoprene seals Naphtha, aerosol, standard solvent MIL-H-83282 Synthetic hydrocarbon Red Fire resistant, kerosine petroleum Neoprene seals Naphtha, varsol, standard solvent MIL-H-81019 Mineral base Red Low temperature viscosity Nitril, fluosilicate Naphtha, varsol, standard solvent Skydrol 500B- 4 Phosphate ester Light purple Slightly heavier than water, not flammable # specified by manufacture Trichloroethylene, Stoddard solvent, methylethylketone, isopropyl alcohol Skydrol LD-4 Phosphate ester Light purple Slightly heavier than water, not flammable # specified by manufacture Trichloroethylene, Stoddard solvent, methylethylketone, isopropyl alcohol School of Aeronautical Science Page 1 - b

LeTourneau University Skydrol 5 Phosphate ester Light pruple Slightly heavier than water, not flammable # specified by manufacture Trichloroethylene, Stoddard solvent, methylethylketone, isopropyl alcohol ASA-A1, pg. 344-345 1) Name the type of solvent(s) used to clean hydraulic systems and components for each of the 7 fluids listed above. (add to the above table ) 2) Explain why the correct viscosity and chemical stability are such important properties of a hydraulic fluid. -Correct viscosity and chemical stability are important properties because it helps the fluids maintain consistency and effectively do their job. If the fluid is not viscous enough it will be more difficult to pulp and could harm the system and reduce operating efficiency. It is important that the fluids keep a proper viscosity while in operation in both cold and warm temperatures. 3) How is the viscosity of a fluid determined? (Briefly explain the device and procedure.) -The viscosity of a fluid is determined by forces and shape within the liquid molecules. How quickly it runs or holds its shape. 4) What is “Flash Point” and why is it important? -Flash point is the lowest temperature that a liquid can give off vapor. Enable to ignite, lower flash points make for more flammable liquids. 5) What is “Fire Point” and why is it important? -Fire point is the lowest temperature that the vapor of fuel burns steadily. Tests to see if the fuel is safe to transport or not. 6) What steps should be taken if an improper fluid type is added to a hydraulic system? -It needs to be drained and flushed before adding new correct fluid. 7) What are the two general types of contaminants found in hydraulic systems? -particle contamination and moisture contamination 8) How is hydraulic fluid checked for contamination and deterioration? -a fluid sample is taken and then checked for the whole. 9) What was the principle disadvantage of mineral-based hydraulic fluid that promoted the development of Skydrol? -risk of fire during operations. 10) What are 2 advantages of phosphate ester based hydraulic fluids that make them suitable for use in turbine powered aircraft? -takes higher temperatures for it to catch fire, and is not very combustible, it kind of self-extinguishes. School of Aeronautical Science Page 1 - c

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LeTourneau University 11) What are the disadvantages of phosphate ester based hydraulic fluids? -they are corrosive and could cause the system to fail, does not hold its oil properties very well. 12) What are some of the precautionary measures to be followed when servicing aircraft with phosphate ester based hydraulic fluid? -if spilled it can soften paints and plastics, needs to be wiped down immediately. 13) Which paints have “good” or “excellent” resistance to the chemical action of Skydrol? -polyurethane and epoxy paints are more resistant to corrosion and wear. 14) List the viscosity for the three Skydrol fluids currently in use at –65  f, 100  f, and 210  f. (Use a table format) - Skydrol 500B-4: -65=2900 cSt Maximum, 100F=11.40-12.40 cSt, 210F=3.68-4.00 cSt - Skydrol LD-4: -65=2000 Maximum, 100F=10.65-11.65, 210F=3.66-4.0 - Skydrol 5: -65=2600 cSt Maximum, 100F=9.00-9.84 cSt, 210F=3.01-3.41 cSt 4. Identify seals and fittings. (20 min.) A. Identify the different seals provided by the instructor. 1) Make a cross section drawing of the seal and give the correct name for the seal. School of Aeronautical Science Page 1 - d

LeTourneau University a) Example: B. Identify the different fittings provided by the instructor. 1) Make a cross section drawing and give the AN number for each of the fittings provided. -Found in picture above LAB REPORT: 1. Reproduce the table from step 2 A of the “Procedures” section of the project. 2. Record the answers to the questions in step 2 B of the “Procedures” section of the project. 3. Give the type, description and cross section drawing for each of the seals reviewed in step 3A. 4. Give the type, description and cross section drawing for each of the fittings reviewed in step 3B. 5. Produce a color drawing (Computer or Hand generated) of a proper rigid fluid line marking for each of the following types of systems: A. Fuel B. Hydraulic fluid C. Air conditioning D. Lubrication E. Compressed gas F. Breathing Oxygen G. Deicing H. Fire protection School of Aeronautical Science Page 1 - e

LeTourneau University Scoring: 20 Cover Sheet/Format/etc. 25 Charts 30 Drawings (fluids (components (line markings 25 Questions ___________________________ 100 Total Points School of Aeronautical Science Page 1 - f

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