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LeTourneau University
AVTC2231 Intro Aircraft Systems Laboratory Madalyn Meuser
PROJECT NUMBER:
AVTC2231-01
TITLE:
Introduction to Aircraft Systems Laboratory REFERENCE(S):
AMT-A Textbook Pg. 343-347, 383-388, 395-397
AC-65-15A Pg. 309-313
AMT-G Textbook Pg. 591
Fluid Power for Aircraft Pg. 19-32
https://www.aircraftsystemstech.com/p/hydraulic-fluids.html
https://www.aircraftsystemstech.com/p/types-of-hydraulic-
fluids.html
https://www.aircraftsystemstech.com/p/blog-page_7.html
LAB EQUIPMENT:
Hydraulic Fluid Samples
Hydraulic Seals and Fittings
LAB OBJECTIVES:
1. The student will be introduced to the Aircraft Systems laboratory, course requirements and safety procedures. 2. The student will identify, select and explain basic characteristics of standard aircraft hydraulic
fluids.
3. The student will identify and select standard hydraulic system seals and packings.
LAB OVERVIEW:
Aircraft hydraulic systems are critical to the safe, proper operation of modern aircraft. The lifeblood of a hydraulic system is the fluid that moves through the aircraft in rigid lines and flexible hoses. The hydraulic fluid used in modern aircraft systems is exposed to a wide range of operating conditions. Selection of proper fluid and a correct determination of the fluid condition are important elements of hydraulic system maintenance. Seals and fittings connect the lines and
components to each other. This project will give you an opportunity to investigate different types of seals and fittings.
LAB PREPARATION:
1. Not Applicable.
LAB PROCEDURES:
1. Lab Familiarization (30 min.)
A. Review course syllabus with instructor.
B. Review safety rules and proper lab procedures.
2. Hydraulic Fluid Identification and Familiarization. (1 hr.)
A. Identify the aircraft fluids provided by the instructor. 1) Using a table
format, describe the fluids in each of the bottles provided. Include School of Aeronautical Science
Page 1 - a
LeTourneau University
observed
properties for each fluid. (e.g. color, evaporates easily, oily, etc.)
Caution! Do not spill the fluid.
Fluid
Color
Evaporative
Consistency
Viscosity
Odor
Skydrol 500B-
4
purple
Not very
watery
low
Vinegar/oil
Jack Oil
Bright yellow
Not very
oil
thicker
Little bit like
oil
MIL-H-5606
red
Yes a little bit
Mix of oil and
water
In the middle fuel
Exxon Hi-Jet
Olive green
Little bit
Thick water
Middle
viscosity
Oil/fuel
Jet A
yellowish
very
watery
low
Spicy fuel
Avgas 100LL
Light blue
very
watery
low
Chemical
spray fuel
Skydrol 5
Light
green/grey
Not really
Mostly watery
low
Faint oil
B. Answer the following questions using the references listed above
.
1) Identify the 3 basic varieties of aviation hydraulic fluids.
2) List the 7 different hydraulic fluid specifications used in aircraft along with the identification number, color, and principle characteristics of each. (Use a table
format)
3. Type
Base
Color
Characteristics
Seal Material
Solvent
MIL-H-7644
vegetable
blue
Castor oil, alcohol
flammable
Natural rubber
alcohol
MIL-H-5606
mineral
red
Kerosine petroleum,
flammable
Neoprene seals
Naphtha, aerosol,
standard solvent
MIL-H-83282
Synthetic
hydrocarbon Red
Fire resistant, kerosine
petroleum
Neoprene seals
Naphtha, varsol,
standard solvent
MIL-H-81019
Mineral base
Red
Low temperature
viscosity
Nitril,
fluosilicate
Naphtha, varsol,
standard solvent
Skydrol 500B-
4
Phosphate ester
Light
purple
Slightly heavier than
water, not flammable
# specified by
manufacture
Trichloroethylene,
Stoddard solvent,
methylethylketone,
isopropyl alcohol
Skydrol LD-4
Phosphate ester
Light
purple
Slightly heavier than
water, not flammable
# specified by
manufacture
Trichloroethylene,
Stoddard solvent,
methylethylketone,
isopropyl alcohol
School of Aeronautical Science
Page 1 - b
LeTourneau University
Skydrol 5
Phosphate ester
Light
pruple
Slightly heavier than
water, not flammable
# specified by
manufacture
Trichloroethylene,
Stoddard solvent,
methylethylketone,
isopropyl alcohol
ASA-A1, pg. 344-345
1) Name the type of solvent(s) used to clean hydraulic systems and components for each of the 7 fluids listed above. (add to the above table
)
2) Explain why the correct viscosity and chemical stability are such important properties of
a hydraulic fluid.
-Correct viscosity and chemical stability are important properties because it helps the fluids maintain consistency and effectively do their job. If the fluid is not viscous enough
it will be more difficult to pulp and could harm the system and reduce operating efficiency. It is important that the fluids keep a proper viscosity while in operation in both cold and warm temperatures. 3) How is the viscosity of a fluid determined? (Briefly explain the device and procedure.)
-The viscosity of a fluid is determined by forces and shape within the liquid molecules. How quickly it runs or holds its shape. 4) What is “Flash Point” and why is it important?
-Flash point is the lowest temperature that a liquid can give off vapor. Enable to ignite, lower flash points make for more flammable liquids. 5) What is “Fire Point” and why is it important?
-Fire point is the lowest temperature that the vapor of fuel burns steadily. Tests to see if the fuel is safe to transport or not. 6) What steps should be taken if an improper fluid type is added to a hydraulic system?
-It needs to be drained and flushed before adding new correct fluid. 7) What are the two general types of contaminants found in hydraulic systems?
-particle contamination and moisture contamination
8) How is hydraulic fluid checked for contamination and deterioration?
-a fluid sample is taken and then checked for the whole. 9) What was the principle disadvantage of mineral-based hydraulic fluid that promoted the
development of Skydrol?
-risk of fire during operations. 10) What are 2 advantages of phosphate ester based hydraulic fluids that make them suitable for use in turbine powered aircraft?
-takes higher temperatures for it to catch fire, and is not very combustible, it kind of self-extinguishes. School of Aeronautical Science
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11) What are the disadvantages of phosphate ester based hydraulic fluids?
-they are corrosive and could cause the system to fail, does not hold its oil properties very well. 12) What are some of the precautionary measures to be followed when servicing aircraft with phosphate ester based hydraulic fluid?
-if spilled it can soften paints and plastics, needs to be wiped down immediately. 13) Which paints have “good” or “excellent” resistance to the chemical action of Skydrol?
-polyurethane and epoxy paints are more resistant to corrosion and wear. 14) List the viscosity for the three Skydrol fluids currently in use at –65
f, 100
f, and 210
f. (Use a table
format)
- Skydrol 500B-4: -65=2900 cSt Maximum, 100F=11.40-12.40 cSt, 210F=3.68-4.00 cSt
- Skydrol LD-4: -65=2000 Maximum, 100F=10.65-11.65, 210F=3.66-4.0
- Skydrol 5: -65=2600 cSt Maximum, 100F=9.00-9.84 cSt, 210F=3.01-3.41 cSt 4. Identify seals and fittings. (20 min.)
A. Identify the different seals provided by the instructor.
1) Make a cross section drawing of the seal and give the correct name for the seal.
School of Aeronautical Science
Page 1 - d
LeTourneau University
a)
Example: B. Identify the different fittings provided by the instructor.
1) Make a cross section drawing and give the AN number for each of the fittings provided.
-Found in picture above
LAB REPORT:
1. Reproduce the table from step 2 A of the “Procedures” section of the project.
2. Record the answers to the questions in step 2 B of the “Procedures” section of the project. 3. Give the type, description and cross section drawing for each of the seals reviewed in step 3A.
4. Give the type, description and cross section drawing for each of the fittings reviewed in step 3B.
5. Produce a color
drawing (Computer or Hand generated) of a proper rigid fluid line marking for each of the following types of systems:
A. Fuel
B. Hydraulic fluid
C. Air conditioning
D. Lubrication
E. Compressed gas
F. Breathing Oxygen
G. Deicing
H. Fire protection
School of Aeronautical Science
Page 1 - e
LeTourneau University
Scoring: 20
Cover Sheet/Format/etc.
25
Charts
30
Drawings
(fluids
(components
(line markings
25
Questions
___________________________
100
Total Points
School of Aeronautical Science
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The spring has a stiffness k = 200 N/m and an
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