Week4CaseStudyThompson (1)

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Feb 20, 2024

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1 Week 4 Case Study: Urinary System Tavia Thompson BIOS256 Anatomy & Physiology IV Dr. Shoaei February 4, 2024
2 1. Trace the flow of urine from the collecting duct to the urethral meatus.  Starting from the collecting duct, the flow of urine continues to the medullary ducts and empties into the minor and major calyces. This flow then travels from the renal pelvis to the ureter, to the urinary bladder, to the urethral meatus. 2. Based on your knowledge of the male urinary tract, what normal organ is most likely obstructing the urinary outflow?  An enlarged prostate gland obstructs the urinary outflow in males. The prostate gland is located inferior to the bladder and functions to help make semen. This gland increases in size as males get older. 3. Based on the anatomic location of this structure, how can this structure be examined?  There are two different methods used to examine the prostate gland.” In a prostate exam, a person will lie on their side with their knees pulled up while a doctor gently inserts a finger to feel for any unusual features in the prostate gland” (Ali, 2023). This is a digital rectum exam (DRE). The second method is by performing the prostate-specific antigen (PSA) test. 4. Based on your knowledge of anatomical differences, why are women more likely than men to get urinary tract infections?  Women are more likely to get UTIs than men because “the female urethra is relatively short, reducing the distance for bacterial ingress” (Czajkowski et al., 2021). The distance
3 between the female lower urinary tract and reproductive organs increases the risk for bacteria to colonize leading to UTIs. 5. Predict the consequences of the inability to empty the bladder. The consequences associated with urinary retention include pain or discomfort in the lower abdomen, kidney damage/failure, bladder infections, etc.
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4 References Ali, Z. (2023, April 27). How is a prostate exam done? https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/313996#who-needs-a-test Czajkowski, K., Broś-Konopielko, M., & Teliga-Czajkowska, J. (2021). Urinary tract infection in women. Przeglad Menopauzalny , 20 (1), 40–47. https://doi.org/10.5114/pm.2021.105382