Phys1101 - Lab04 - Newtons Laws

docx

School

Texas A&M University *

*We aren’t endorsed by this school

Course

1101

Subject

Mathematics

Date

Feb 20, 2024

Type

docx

Pages

Uploaded by AmbassadorElectronHamster26

Jack Torn PHYS 1101, Sect. 059 Lab 04 – Newton’s Laws eSciences - Lab Jack Torn Experiment 1: Newton's First Law of Motion In this experiment, you perform a series of motions and analyze the results to explain Newton’s First Law of Motion. Materials 3" by 5" Notecard (1) 8 oz. Styrofoam® Cup 1 Washer Deep Container (Bowl or Pitcher) Water Procedure Part 1 1. Fill the container with about four inches of water. 2. Find an open space outside to walk around in with the container of water in your hands. 3. Perform the following activities and record your observations of each motion in Table 1: a. Start with the water at rest (e.g., on top of a table). Grab the container and quickly accelerate it. b. Walk with constant speed in a straight line for 15 feet. c. After walking a straight line at constant speed, make an abrupt right-hand turn. Repeat with a left-hand turn. d. After walking a straight line at constant speed, stop abruptly. Part 2 1. Place a 3 x 5 notecard on top of a Styrofoam® cup. 2. Place a washer on the middle of the 3 x 5 notecard. 3. Hole the Styrofoam® cup with your non-dominant hand and flick the notecard with your dominant hands (the hand you write with) so it moves off of the Styrofoam®

Jack Torn PHYS 1101, Sect. 059 cup. Record your observations in Table 2. 1 4. Repeat Steps 1- 3 four times for a total of five trials. Table 1: Motion of Water Observations Motion Observations a The water was still and calm then sloshed backwards at the initial point of acceleration. b The water slowly came back to a semi-resting state during the constant motion. c At each right and left turn, the water sloshed against the opposite wall of the container in reference to which way I turned. d While walking at a constant speed, the water went back to a semi-resting state. Then while stopping abruptly, the water continued forward and sloshed against the front of the container. Table 2: Observations After Flicking Notecard Off of Cup Trial Observations 1 The notecard flew off the cup and the washer barely moved, but moved just enough to when the notecard came out from under it, the washer dropped into the cup. 2 Similar observations as trial 1 3 Similar observations as trial 1 4 Mis-flick. The washer traveled horizontally on top of the card for a short period of time before dropping onto the floor, not inside the cup.

Jack Torn PHYS 1101, Sect. 059 5 Similar observations as trial 1 Post-Lab Questions 1. Explain how your observations of the water and washer demonstrate Newton’s law of inertia. - My observations demonstrate Newton’s laws of inertia because the water would continue in the same direction as I was moving until I turned directions. 2. Draw a free body diagram of your containers of water from the situation in Part 1 Step 4d. Draw arrows for the force of gravity, the normal force (your hand pushing up on the container), and the stopping force (your hand accelerating the container as you stop.) What is the direction of the water’s acceleration? - 3. Can you think of any instances when you are driving or riding a car that are similar tthis experiment? Describe two instances where you feel forces in a car in terms of inertia. - 1. When you turn in a direction, the car turns, but you continue forward until acted on by the force of your seat belt or the sidewall of your car. - 2. When you brake very violently. your car stops but your body continues forward

Your preview ends here

Eager to read complete document? Join bartleby learn and gain access to the full version

Access to all documents
Unlimited textbook solutions
24/7 expert homework help

Jack Torn PHYS 1101, Sect. 059 on its path until the force of your seat belt holds you back. Experiment 2: Newton's Third Law and Force Pairs In this experiment, you will investigate Newton's Third Law of Motion by observing forces exerted on objects. Materials 5 N Spring Scale 10 N Spring Scale (2) 30 cm Pieces of String 0.5 kg Mass (or the equivalent in washers) Pulley Procedure To calculate the mass of the washers, tie and hang them to the 10N spring. Read the value in Newtons and divide that by 9.8 m/s 2 . Part 1 1. Make sure the spring scales are zero calibrated. 2. Hook the handle of the 5 N spring scale to the hook of the 10 N spring scale. 3. Holding the 10 N spring scale stationary, pull the hook of the 5 N spring scale until the force reads 5 N on it. Record the force on the 10 N spring scale in Table 3. 4. Repeat Steps 2 and 3 with the 10 N spring scale hanging from the 5 N spring scale. Record the force on the 5 N spring scale in Table 3. 3 Table 3: Force on Stationary Springs Force on Stationary 10 N Spring Scale (N) 5N f Force on Stationary 5N Spring Scale (N)

Jack Torn PHYS 1101, Sect. 059 5N Part 2 3. Suspend the 0.5 kg mass in the air using the 10 N spring scale. Record the force on the 10 N spring scale in Table 4. 4. Tie one end of one of the pieces of string to the 0.5 kg mass and the other end to the hook of the 10 N spring scale. 5. Suspend the mass in the air by lifting the 10 N spring scale. Record the force on the 10 N spring scale in Table 4. 6. Untie the end of the string attached to the 0.5 kg mass and tie it to the hook of the 5 N spring scale. 7. Hook the 0.5 kg mass to the handle of the 5 N spring scale. Suspend the mass, scales, and string by holding the handle of the 10 N spring scale. Record the values of the spring scales in Table 4. 8. Secure the pulley on a table top by tying string to one of the hooks. Then, use masking tape to secure the string to a table top so that the hook on the top of the pulley lays flat on the side of the table top (Figure 1). 9. Using the mass setup from Step 5, place the string over the pulley by unhooking one of the spring scales, feeding the string through the pulley and reattaching the string to the hook of the spring scale (Figure 2). Figure 1: Pulley Set Up Figure 2: Step 7 reference (string length and mass may vary). 4 10. Hold the 10 N spring scale in place so that the scales and mass are stationary. Record the values for both spring scales in Table 4.

Jack Torn PHYS 1101, Sect. 059 Table 4: Spring Scale Force Data Suspension Set Up Force (N) on 10 N Spring Scale Force (N) on 5 N Spring Scale 0.5 kg Mass on 10 N Spring Scale 5 0.5 kg Mass with String on 10 N Spring Scale 5.2 0.5 kg mass, string and 5 N Spring Scale on 10 N spring scale 5.6 5 0.5 kg mass, string and 5 N Spring Scale on 10 N spring scale on Pulley 6 5 Post-Lab Questions 1. How did the magnitude of the forces on both spring scales compare after you moved the 10 N spring scale? - The magnitude of forces reading on both scales remained the same at about 5 Newtons 2. How did the magnitude of the forces on both spring scales compare after you move the 5 N spring scale? - Again, the force magnitude on both scales remained the same at about 5 newtons.

Your preview ends here

Eager to read complete document? Join bartleby learn and gain access to the full version

Access to all documents
Unlimited textbook solutions
24/7 expert homework help

Jack Torn PHYS 1101, Sect. 059 3. Use Newton’s 3rd Law to explain your observations in Questions 1 and 2. - Newton’s 3rd law states,”For every action, there’s an equal and opposite reaction.” The equal and opposite actions were the two scales pulling equally on each other and similarly reading a magnitude of 5N each. 5 4. Compare the force on the 10 N spring scale when it was directly attached to the 0.5 kg mass and when there was a string between them. - Assuming the strong has no mass, the reading would remain the same. If the string had weight, it would be different. 5. Compare the force on the two spring scales in Steps 5 and 6. What can you conclude about the tension in a string? - The reading in both the scales would be equal. The scale to which the weight is attached would read the weight. Since the weight is stationary, it is balanced by the tension in the string. This tension is transmitted to the other end of the string where the second scale is attached. Experiment 3: Newton's Second Law and the Atwood Machine This experiment will demonstrate the mechanical laws of motion using a simple assembly named the Atwood machine that is like that used by Rev. George Atwood in 1784 to verify

Jack Torn PHYS 1101, Sect. 059 Newton's Second Law. Materials Masking Tape 2 Paperclips Pulley 5 N Spring scale Stopwatch String Tape measure 15 Washers Figure 3. Atwood’s machine 6 Procedure Part 1 1. Support the pulley so that objects hanging from it can descend to the floor. Do this by tying a short piece of string to one of the pulley hooks. Use a piece of masking tape to secure the string to a table top or door frame so that the pulley hangs plumb (Figure 1). Note : A higher pulley support will produce longer time intervals which are easier to measure. 2. Thread a piece of string through the pulley so that you can attach washers to both ends of the string. The string should be long enough for one set of washers to touch the ground with the other set near the pulley. (You may attach the washers using a paperclip or by tying them on). 3. Use the spring scale to weigh the set of fifteen washers. Divide the total mass by fifteen to find the average mass of a washer. Record the total mass of the washers and average mass of one washer in Table 5. 4. Attach seven washers to each end of the string. 5. Observe how the washers on one side behave when you pull on the washers on the other side.

Jack Torn PHYS 1101, Sect. 059 6. Add the remaining washer to one end of the string so one side of the string has seven washers (M 1 ), and the other has eight washers attached to it (M 2 ). See figure 3 as reference. Answer Post Lab Question 1 based on your observations. 7. Place M 1 on the floor. Use the tape measure to measure the height that M 2 is suspended while M 1 is on the floor. Measure the distance M 2 will fall if you release the light set when it is in contact with the floor. Record the distance in Table 5. 8. Time how long it takes for M 2 to reach the floor. Repeat Steps 7-8 four more times (five times total), recording the values in Table 5. Calculate the average time. 9. Calculate the acceleration (assuming it is constant) from the average time and the distance the washers moved. Part 2 1. Transfer one washer, so that there are six on one end of the string (M 1 ) and 9 on the other (M 2 ). 2. Determine the mass on each end of the string. 3. Place the M 1 on the floor. Measure the height that M 2 is suspended at while M 1 is on the floor. Measure the distance M 2 will fall if you release the light set when it is in contact with the floor. 4. Time how long it takes for the heavy set of washers to reach the floor. Repeat Steps 3-4 five times, recording the values in a table and then calculate the average time. 5. Calculate the acceleration (assuming it is constant) from the average time and the distance the washers moved. 7 Table 5: Motion Data Mass of 15 Washers (kg) 68.1g or 0.0681 kg Average Mass of Washer (kg) 4.54g or 0.00454 kg Procedure 1 Height (m): 1.63 m Trial Time(s) 1 5.12 2 5.05 3 4.95 4 5.21 5 5.11

Your preview ends here

Eager to read complete document? Join bartleby learn and gain access to the full version

Access to all documents
Unlimited textbook solutions
24/7 expert homework help

Jack Torn PHYS 1101, Sect. 059 Average 5.088 Average Acceleration (m/s 2 ) 6.56 m/s^2 Procedure 2 Height (m): 1.63 Trial Time(s) 1 2.67 2 2.98 3 2.65 4 2.58 5 2.75 Average 2.726 Average Acceleration (m/s 2 ) 9.44 m/s^2 Post-Lab Questions 1. When you give one set of washers a downward push, does it move as easily as the other set? Does it stop before it reaches the floor? How do you explain this behavior? - The heavier side of the washers moved easier than the lighter side. This is because the side with more weight will outweigh the other side and travel downward, so a push would be a force in the same direction. A push on the lighter side that is being pulled upwards wouldn’t be pushed down as easily as the other side because the force of the push is opposite to the direction of travel. 2. Draw a free body diagram for M 1 and M 2 in each procedure (Procedure 1 and Procedure 2). Draw force arrows for the force due to gravity acting on both masses (Fg 1 and Fg 2 ) and the force of tension (F T ). Also draw arrows indicating the direction of acceleration, a .

Jack Torn PHYS 1101, Sect. 059 3. Use Newton’s Second Law to write an equation for each of the free body diagrams you drew in Question 2. ( Note : Be sure to use the correct signs to agree with your drawings). Solve these four equations for the force of tension (F T ). You answer should be in variable form. - 4. Set the two resulting expressions for the force of tension equal to one another (as long as the string does not stretch, the magnitude of the acceleration in each

Jack Torn PHYS 1101, Sect. 059 equation is the same). Replace F g1 and F g2 with M 1 and M 2 , respectively. Solve the resulting equation for a . Then, go back to Question 3 and solve for the F T . - “a ” resulted in being 8.84 m/s^2 - “ F T ” resulted in being 10.58 N 5. Calculate the acceleration for the two sets of data you recorded and compare these values to those obtained by measuring distance and time using percent error. What factors may cause discrepancies between the two values? - Acceleration for part 1 was 6.56 m/s^2 and for part 2 it was 9.44 m/s^2. Factors that may cause discrepancies between the two values is common human error with the stopwatch. However, the main difference is due to the fact that there were different weight measurements on either side of the pulley in part 1 and part 2. 6. Calculate the tension in the string for the falling washers. From these two values, and the one where the masses were equal, what trend do you observe in the tension in the string as the acceleration increases? - Tension force 1 = 4.34 N, this is most likely due to weight being more one-sided. - Tension force 2 = 10.58 N, This is most likely due to weight being more evenly distributed on either side. - The trend I observe is that tension force goes up as the weight approaches equilibrium. The more one sided it is, the easier it is for one side to pull the other down, which relieves some of the tension force. However, even distribution causes tension to a larger extent because neither side is giving way.

Your preview ends here

Eager to read complete document? Join bartleby learn and gain access to the full version

Access to all documents
Unlimited textbook solutions
24/7 expert homework help

Phys1101 - Lab04 - Newtons Laws

Related Documents