Assignment 3

Assessment Workbook 3 3 Version 2.2 Produced 27 April 2018 TABLE OF CONTENTS This is an interactive table of contents. If you are viewing this document in Acrobat, clicking on a heading will transfer you to that page. If you have this document open in Word, you will need to hold down the Control key while clicking for this to work. I NSTRUCTIONS ......................................................................................... 4 W HAT IS C OMPETENCY -B ASED A SSESSMENT .................................... 5 T HE B ASIC P RINCIPLES OF A SSESSING N ATIONALLY R ECOGNISED T RAINING .................................................................................................................... 6 T HE D IMENSIONS OF C OMPETENCY ..................................................... 7 R EASONABLE A DJUSTMENT ................................................................... 8 T HE U NITS OF C OMPETENCY ............................................................... 10 C ONTEXT FOR A SSESSMENT ................................................................ 10 A SSESSMENT R EQUIREMENTS ............................................................. 11 A SSESSMENT M ETHODS ....................................................................... 12 R ESOURCES R EQUIRED FOR A SSESSMENT ........................................ 12 A SSESSMENT W ORKBOOK C OVER S HEET .......................................... 13 K NOWLEDGE A SSESSMENT .................................................................. 14 Part 1 – Multiple Choice Questions ........................................................ 14 Part 2 – Research ................................................................................... 48 C ASE S TUDIES ........................................................................................ 53 Case Study 1: Eddie ............................................................................... 53 Case Study 2: Javier ............................................................................... 58 Case Study 3: Janis ................................................................................. 61 W ORKBOOK C HECKLIST ....................................................................... 67

THE BASIC PRINCIPLES OF ASSESSING NATIONALLY RECOGNISED TRAINING Assessment Workbook 3 Version 2.2 Produced 27 April 2018 6 Developing and conducting assessment, in an Australian vocational education and training context, is founded on a number of basic conventions: The principles of assessment  Assessment must be valid - Assessment must include the full range of skills and knowledge needed to demonstrate competency. - Assessment must include the combination of knowledge and skills with their practical application. - Assessment, where possible, must include judgements based on evidence drawn from a number of occasions and across a number of contexts.  Assessment must be reliable - Assessment must be reliable and must be regularly reviewed to ensure that assessors are making decisions in a consistent manner. - Assessors must be trained in national competency standards for assessors to ensure reliability.  Assessment must be flexible - Assessment, where possible, must cover both the on and off-the- job components of training within a course. - Assessment must provide for the recognition of knowledge, skills and attitudes regardless of how they have been acquired. - Assessment must be made accessible to learners through a variety of delivery modes so they can proceed through modularised training packages to gain competencies. - Assessment must be mutually developed and agreed upon between assessor and the assessed. - Assessment must be able to be challenged. Appropriate mechanisms must be made for reassessment as a result of challenge. ( Sourced and adapted from: Standards for RTOs 2015, Clauses 1.8 – 1.12 )

Assessment Workbook 3 9 Version 2.2 Produced 27 April 2018 Assistive/Adaptive Technologies Assistive/Adaptive technology means ‘software or hardware that has been specifically designed to assist people with disabilities in carrying out daily activities’ (World Wide Web Consortium - W3C). It includes screen readers, magnifiers, voice recognition software, alternative keyboards, devices for grasping, visual alert systems, digital note takers. IMPORTANT NOTE Reasonable adjustment made for collecting candidate assessment evidence must not impact on the standard expected by the workplace, as expressed by the relevant Unit(s) of Competency. E.g., If the assessment were gathering evidence of the candidate’s competency in writing, allowing the candidate to complete the assessment verbally would not be a valid assessment method. The method of assessment used by any reasonable adjustment must still meet the competency requirements.

Assessment Workbook 3 Version 2.2 Produced 27 April 2018 12 ASSESSMENT METHODS This workbook uses the following assessment methods: 1. Knowledge Assessment – A set of generic and workplace questions testing the student’s general knowledge and understanding of the general theory behind the unit. 2. Case Studies – Includes detailed scenarios and simulated environments providing all necessary information required to complete relevant tasks. RESOURCES REQUIRED FOR ASSESSMENT Candidate will need access to:  Computer with internet and email access and a working web browser  Installed software: MS Word, Adobe Acrobat Reader  Video recording equipment for the case study  Audio recording equipment for the case study  Volunteer/s for the case studies

Assessment Workbook 3 15 Version 2.2 Produced 27 April 2018 KNOWLEDGE ASSESSMENT Part 1 – Multiple Choice Questions 1. Which of the following statements are true about the impact of cultural awareness, cultural safety, and cultural competence in different work roles? Guidance: Select three (3) responses. a) Culturally safe environments should allow people, regardless of their cultural background, to practise their work without discrimination. b) Cultural awareness provides biases as to how people should view the type of work their co-workers have. c) Cultural competence allows individual support workers to communicate sensitively and effectively with clients, their families, and other staff from cultural backgrounds other than theirs. d) Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islanders carers should only be assigned to people from their own community. e) Cultural awareness helps people avoid the judgement of their co-worker being different from the standards of the mainstream culture.

Assessment Workbook 3 Version 2.2 Produced 27 April 2018 18 5. Match the following terms according to their characteristics. Write the letter of your answer in the spaces provided. Area of Diversity Characteristi c a) 1. Culture a) A learned and shared set of values, symbols, way of life in a society. c) 2. Race b) Belongingness to a social group that has a common cultural tradition. b) 3. Ethnicity c) Used to define a group of people according to their common physical characteristics. 6. Match the following areas of diversity to their characteristics. Write the letter of your answer in the spaces provided. Area of Diversity Characteristi c b) 1. Disability a) This is characterised by a group of people composed of individuals from different age groups. f) 2. Religious or spiritual beliefs b) Refers to a person’s total or partial loss of bodily or mental functions, body parts, or an illness or disorder affecting a person’s functions. e) 3. Gender c) It is how the person sees themselves as either male or female, and how one’s self is presented to others. a) 4. Generational d) Refers to the person’s identity in terms of emotional or physical attraction based from on their gender. d) 5. Sexual orientation e) The social identity of being male or female. c) 6. Sexual identity f) The practice of a person’s faith that has impact on one’s values or way of life.

Assessment Workbook 3 21 Version 2.2 Produced 27 April 2018 8. Identify the feature of diversity that is being discriminated in the following situations. Write A for age, D for disability, R for racial, and S for sex. R a) Jedda, an Aboriginal, is a newly hired aged care worker. She has been assigned to Chandra, a 70-year old resident in the facility. Chandra, being a white Australian, often complains to Jedda’s supervisor saying that she doesn’t want to speak with Jedda as she doesn’t speak good English. S b) Bob, a transgendered resident with dementia, is often forced to use the male toilets by some of the young workers in the facility. A c) Lauren is 57-year-old and is applying for a newly opened position as an individual support worker. She has an extensive experience working with older people and is confident that she will get the position. The residential care manager, however, did not hire Lauren as she thinks that it’s unsafe for her to move around older people as she too may be too old and weak for the role. D d) Gary, a resident, has poor vision. He wanted to read some of the notes posted on the bulletin board but is having difficulty doing so. He requested one of the individual support workers to make large prints of the bulletin posts, but the individual support worker would often tell him that he should just ask someone to read it to him.

Assessment Workbook 3 Version 2.2 Produced 27 April 2018 22 9. Which of the following are consequences of unlawful discrimination by the employer in the workplace, according to legislation? Guidance: Select four (4) responses. a) The court may require the employer to hire or re-hire an employee. b) The court may require the employer to pay damages to the employee as a way of compensation. c) The court may require the employer to change the termination of the employee’s contract or agreement to amend any loss or damage suffered by the employee. d) The court may declare that the employer has committed unlawful discrimination and may direct the employer not to repeat or continue the discriminatory act. e) The court may declare that an additional investigation must take place, the employee must provide additional witnesses to support the unlawful discrimination complaint against the employer.

Assessment Workbook 3 23 Version 2.2 Produced 27 April 2018 10. Which of the following situations uphold the Universal Declaration of Human Rights for people working in residential support facilities? Guidance: Select four (4) responses. a) Staff working in a residential support facility has the right to take leave whenever they feel too much stress. b) An ageing person wanted to be cared for at home but the individual support workers in the facility insist that it will be unsafe for him as his illness requires medical attention. The individual support worker is in breach of the ageing person’s right. c) A religious support facility has the right to impose their religious belief on their residents. This is in breach of people’s rights. d) An individual support worker who has been accused of committing any violation within the facility must be heard in a fair trial. e) Individual support workers who engage in same-sex relationships can be reprimanded by the authorities in the facility.

Assessment Workbook 3 Version 2.2 Produced 27 April 2018 24 11. Which of the following are true about the relationship between human rights and human needs? Guidance: Select three (3) responses. a) The purpose of human rights is to satisfy human needs. b) Human rights and human needs are universal. c) Human rights entitle the person to have their basic human needs met. d) Human rights are based on a legal obligation while human needs are fundamental for survival. 12. Which of the following actions are included in the Australian Human Rights Framework? Select all that apply. Guidance: Select four (4) responses. a) Reaffirm b) Educate c) Protect d) Communicate e) Respect f) Review

Assessment Workbook 3 25 Version 2.2 Produced 27 April 2018 13. Match the following human rights-based approaches and instruments to their correct definitions. Write the letters of your answers in the spaces provided. Approach / Instrument Definitio n c) 1. Participation a) It also means that priority should be given to the most marginalized people in terms of the realization of their rights. e) 2. Accountability b) It requires the law to recognize human rights and freedom as legally enforceable entitlements. a) 3. Non-discrimination and Equality c) Everyone has the right to be involved in decisions concerning their human rights. d) 4. Empowerment d) Everyone is entitled to claim and exercise their rights and freedoms. b) 5. Legality e) It requires effective monitoring of compliance with human rights standards, achievement of human rights goals and effective remedies for human rights breaches.

Assessment Workbook 3 Version 2.2 Produced 27 April 2018 26 14. Which among the following can assist you when you are having difficulty communicating with a client from a culturally and linguistically diverse (CALD) background? Guidance: Select three (3) responses. a) Telephone interpreter b) Another client from the facility c) Bilingual speaker d) Children of the client below 18 years of age e) Adult family members of the client 15. The following are resources that individual support workers and organisations can make use of to embrace and respond to diversity. Match each resource to their correct definition. Write the letters of your answers in the spaces provided. Resourc e Definitio n c) 1. Imagery a) They assist in providing understanding about the client’s culture and belief, especially concerning health practices. b) 2. Language interpreter b) They translate either written or oral language into another language to bridge the gap in language difference. a) 3. Cultural interpreter c) These are pictures, books, or objects that may be used to represent the other culture while avoiding misrepresentations through stereotypes.

Assessment Workbook 3 27 Version 2.2 Produced 27 April 2018 16. The following are different communication techniques that can be used by individual support workers with their clients. Match each communication technique to their correct definition. Write the letters of your answers in the spaces provided. Resourc e Definitio n b) 1. Open-ended questions a) These require the individual support worker to listen carefully to the client so they can clarify and restate what the client said. c) 2. Summaries b) These questions usually require long responses and enquiries about the respondent’s knowledge, opinion, or feelings. d) 3. Affirmations c) A technique where the individual support worker reflects over the discussion with the client and repeats the information provided by the client. a) 4. Reflections d) These are statements that encourage the client and can be demonstrated by positive non- verbal cues.

Assessment Workbook 3 Version 2.2 Produced 27 April 2018 28 17. The following situations show how the different communication techniques are used by individual support workers with clients in a support facility. Identify the technique presented by writing the following letters in the spaces provided: a) Motivational interviewing b) Coercive approach c) Collaboration d) Confrontation c) a) A client in a residential home has been suffering from diabetes and hypertension. As such, his health plan requires a certain amount of different medication. The client refuses to take all the medication as he feels unwell. The individual support worker tells him of all the other illnesses he will acquire if he doesn’t take his medications. d) b) A client is being supported by his personal care needs. The client expresses they want to change a preference in care, but the individual support worker continues with the planned care without talking with the client. The client expresses their disapproval of this, and suddenly, an argumentative situation arises between the client and the individual support worker. b) c) A client being supported by his personal care needs where the individual support worker talks with the client about their support needs and preferences as per their care plan. If there are any changes, the individual support worker documents these and reports to the supervisor for the care plan to be reviewed and updated. a) d) A potential client is refusing admission to residential care. The individual support worker talks and discusses with the client the pros and cons of being in a residential home. The potential client then reflects on what they need and what they want in relation to the recommended support.

Assessment Workbook 3 29 Version 2.2 Produced 27 April 2018 18. Which of the following are potential constraints to effective communication and health service delivery? Guidance: Select five (5) responses. a) Emotional state of the client b) A person with complex communication needs with no communication aid c) Stereotypes about the different areas of diversity d) Financial status e) Proximity (e.g. closeness and personal space) f) Hierarchies in the organisation 19. Match the following basic communication models to their correct definitions. Write the letters of your answers in the spaces provided. Mode l Definitio n a) 1. Interactive a) The communication process is two-way. The sender provides the message and waits for the receiver to provide feedback. b) 2. Transactional b) The communication process is two-way. Both the sender and receiver of the message can change roles as speakers and receivers simultaneously. c) 3. Linear c) The communication process is one-way – the message is delivered only by the sender.

Assessment Workbook 3 Version 2.2 Produced 27 April 2018 30 20.Match the following modes and types of communication to their correct definitions. Write the letters of your answers in the spaces provided. Modes and Types of Communication Definitio n b) 1. Verbal a) It is essential for communicating and documenting information, such as client’s data. It allows information to be recorded. c) 2. Non-verbal b) It is also referred to as oral communication. It uses spoken words to communicate a message. a) 3. Written c) This uses body language, gestures, facial expressions, and even posture. f) 4. Interpersonal mode d) It involves understanding and interpreting written and spoken language on a variety of topics. d) 5. Interpretative mode e) It involves presenting information, concepts, and ideas to an audience, listeners or readers. e) 6. Presentational mode f) It involves engaging in conversation, providing and obtaining information, expressing feelings and emotions, and exchanging opinions.

Assessment Workbook 3 31 Version 2.2 Produced 27 April 2018 21. Which of the following situations in an aged care context are correct in terms of legal and ethical considerations? Guidance: Select two (2) responses. a) Thomas is a war veteran in an aged care facility. He loves to talk about his war experiences with other clients and individual support workers. One of the individual support workers has become interested in Thomas’s stories. One day, he tells Thomas about another resident who was also a war veteran. b) Lois is showing signs of depression and dementia. Her family members brought Lois to a specialist for a psychological assessment. Lois does not agree with this, as she does not perceive herself to be unwell. c) Clive is a young and active individual support worker in a residential support facility. One of their clients speaks nicely about Clive’s service to his daughter. The grateful daughter of the client gives a present to Clive. Clive refuses the gesture. d) Candice, an individual support worker, has built rapport with most of the clients. Sometimes, she would volunteer to assist the client at home if they live in the community where she also lives. e) Antonina, an elderly migrant from Russia, is to be admitted to respite care. The individual support worker seeks the assistance of a bilingual interpreter to explain to Antonina the services and support that she will be provided while she is in the facility. f) Cascade Peak Homes, an aged care facility, has policies and procedures in place to ensure the health, safety, and well- being of their residents, their families, visitors, and staff. These policies and procedures include consultation regarding WHS matters, emergency evacuation procedures, and safe manual handling.

Assessment Workbook 3 Version 2.2 Produced 27 April 2018 32 22. The following are terminologies in health and community services industry that relate to the individual support worker’s role and service provision. Match each to its correct definition. Write the letters of your answers in the spaces provided. Terminology Definitio n c) 1. Models of service delivery a) Its focus is promoting and building on the strengths, strengths, skills, interests, abilities and capacities of the client. a) 2. Strengths-based approach b) This refers to the different set of methods and techniques used by the individual support worker in providing support and service to the client. e) 3. Rights-based approach c) It is the framework of the way health services are to be delivered. d) 4. Client-centred practice d) The treatment and care consider any decision the client believes is good for his own health. b) 5. Approaches to service delivery e) This refers to the empowerment of the client to realise and exercise their rights.

Assessment Workbook 3 33 Version 2.2 Produced 27 April 2018 23. Which of the following statements are true about the principles of person- centred service delivery and rights-based service delivery? Guidance: Select two (2) responses. a) In a person-centred service delivery, the client’s choice of service to be provided is taken into account. b) In a person-centred service delivery, the client will have the right to consent to any service they are to be provided, regardless of mental capacity. c) In a rights-based service delivery, everyone has the right to choose the type of treatment that will be provided for them. d) In a rights-based service delivery, everyone is entitled to their right to access a high-quality service provider. e) In both person-centred and rights-based service delivery, the service provider decides upon the treatment required for the client.

Assessment Workbook 3 Version 2.2 Produced 27 April 2018 34 24. The following are some of the roles of a multi-disciplinary support team. Match each role to its corresponding responsibility. Write the letters of your answers in the spaces provided. Role Responsibilit y d) 1. Doctor or general practitioner a) They are a registered health professional specialising in the healthcare of the elderly. a) 2. Geriatrician b) They are a registered health professional who assesses, manage, and use nursing diagnostic tools for complex health needs, medication administration. They also develop the care plan for the client which must be followed by the team. They facilitate the individual support workers and have a high level of accountability. c) 3. Assistant In Nursing (AIN) Personal Care Assistant (PCA) Individual Support Worker (ISW) Aged Care Worker (ACW) c) They provide support to activities of daily living (ADLs), and work under direct supervision and direction of the Registered Nurse (RN) or Enrolled Nurse (EN). e) 4. Physiotherapists d) They are a registered health professional who is responsible for the client’s overall healthcare. They diagnose and prescribed treatments. b) 5. Registered Nurse (RN) e) They are responsible for providing treatment for musculoskeletal conditions in the elderly. h) 6. Enrolled Nurse (EN) f) They can help by bridging any cultural gaps to ensure the person gets the best possible support with their complex communication needs.

Assessment Workbook 3 35 Version 2.2 Produced 27 April 2018

Assessment Workbook 3 Version 2.2 Produced 27 April 2018 36 j) 7. Aboriginal Health Worker g) A registered health professional that assess the bodies’ functions to use augmentative and alternative communication (ACC) tools and devices. g) 8. Occupational Therapist h) They directly provide support to the client such as support with activities of daily living (ADL), administering medication, observations and technical skills. They work under direct/indirect supervision and direction of the registered nurse. i) 9. Speech and Language Pathologist (SLP) i) A registered health professional who assess, diagnose and provide treatment for people with communication and swallowing disorders. They work in public health systems and private practice. f) 10. Culturally and Linguistically Diverse (CALD) interpreters j) Their role involves collaboration with service providers and the clients, especially from the cultural community, to build relationships.

Assessment Workbook 3 37 Version 2.2 Produced 27 April 2018 25. Below are the characteristics of a successful multi-disciplinary team. Match each to its application. a. A mix of skills and experiences within the team. b. Agreed governance structure. c. Systems and protocols for communication and interaction. Write the letters of your answers in the spaces provided. Applicatio n c. a) Team members follow the team’s reporting procedures within the team. For example, when reporting incidents, an individual support worker completes an incident report and/or reports it to their supervisor or the registered nurse. b. b) Each team member plays different roles and performs different tasks within the team. For example, the individual support worker only performs those tasks that are within the scope of their own role. The individual support worker cannot perform the tasks of a doctor or the registered nurse. a. c) All team members get to contribute their own knowledge, skills and expertise for the team to effectively deliver services. For example, different health practitioners specialise in different expertise, a doctor can recommend a physical therapist to help a client who is left physically injured in a car accident.

Assessment Workbook 3 Version 2.2 Produced 27 April 2018 38 26. Why are grammar, speed, and pronunciation important in verbal communication? Guidance: Select three (3) responses. a) Correct grammar ensures that the message you communicate is easily understood by the client. b) Bad pronunciation may be perceived as lack of language competence by those who can speak the language well. c) Pronunciation can go unnoticed when speaking with another person. d) Speed in verbal communication can help express the speaker’s thoughts and feelings.

Assessment Workbook 3 39 Version 2.2 Produced 27 April 2018 27. The following are situations that relate to ethical decision-making or conflicts of interest. Categorize each option by writing E if it refers to ethical decision- making and C if it refers to conflicts of interest. C a) An elderly client has been physically abused by a family member. The client confides this to an individual support worker. The family member, realising this, paid the individual support worker so they won’t report this to anyone. The individual support worker accepts the payment. C b) An Aboriginal individual support worker always tries to support and assist the clients who are from their culture, saying that this is practising cultural safety. They refuse to provide the same level of care to non- Aboriginal clients because they think other people are racist to people of their culture. E c) A client who has dementia began to show signs of uncharacteristic behaviour. The individual support worker decides that it’s best to consult the client’s care plan whether or not physical restraint must be used. E d) An individual support worker suspects that one of their clients has been assaulted by another worker. They ask the client about it and the client did not deny this, however, the client requests the individual support worker not to tell anyone about it. The worker makes a report about it to the authorities.

Assessment Workbook 3 Version 2.2 Produced 27 April 2018 40 28.Which of the following statements are correct about using and recognising non- verbal communication in a support setting? Guidance: Select three (3) responses. Mapping: CHCCOM005 KE10 Learner Reference: Chapter 1 Working with Diverse People, 4. Communicating with People From Diverse Backgrounds a) Nodding or smiling to a client may convey a positive message. b) Oral communication and non-verbal communication always imply the same message. c) Facial expression is the most used form of non-verbal communication. d) Forms of non-verbal communication may not always convey what the person is really feeling e.g. cultural norms.

Assessment Workbook 3 41 Version 2.2 Produced 27 April 2018 29. Match the following digital media on how these are used in the community services and health sector. Write the letters of your answers in the spaces provided. Digital Media Uses d) 1. Social media a) These are recordings of digital moving visual images which can be accessed online or through storage devices. They can be used in marketing the service provider or to promote health information or even as instructional materials. c) 2. Email b) It is a form of online audio broadcast that can be downloaded. These are usually used to publish new research in the medical field. e) 3. Tablets and applicatio ns c) This can be used by support professionals to communicate with each other online. b) 4. Podcasts d) Can be used to easily build a brand and client relationships, as the communication is immediate and direct. a) 5. Videos e) Can be used for maintenance and easy access to health, communication, and consultation records. They can also be used as communication aids, e.g. assistive software for people with complex communication needs (hearing and speech impairment). h) 6. World Wide Web f) These are published (digital or print) and can be distributed to clients and their family/carers. They contain information on various topics in support services and the service provider. i) 7. Intranet g) This form of media is found to be the most effective way to communicate as it can reach a wide range of audience.

Assessment Workbook 3 Version 2.2 Produced 27 April 2018 42 f) 8. Newsletters h) It can be used to view online pages and find information about support and the services offered. g) 9. Broadcasts i) It can help workers access communication data within the organisation in their convenience. 30.Which of the following options are true about the economic impact of diversity in Australia, including the Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander cultures? Guidance: Select four (4) responses. a) The increased working age population brings more people into Australia aged 15-64 years. b) Improved productivity has a strong emphasis on skilled migration. c) Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islanders people often become socially excluded or lack access to jobs and opportunities. d) More small businesses have been created by post-war migrants. e) More families have migrated to Australia because of economic opportunities.

Assessment Workbook 3 43 Version 2.2 Produced 27 April 2018 31. Which of the following options are correct about the impact of culture, Western systems, and structures to the Aboriginal peoples and Torres Strait Islanders, and their engagement with services? Guidance: Select three (3) responses. a) Individual support workers must provide treatment to Aboriginal peoples and Torres Strait Islanders as necessary, as it is part of their duty of care. b) Introduction of alcohol and other substances by the Europeans did not have a lasting impact on the Aboriginal peoples and Torres Strait Islanders. c) Aboriginal peoples and Torres Strait Islanders have high regard for family and kinship. The services to be provided for clients from their culture must take into account the practices in their family network/community. d) Aboriginal peoples and Torres Strait Islanders tend to seek hospital treatment only when the illness becomes severe. e) Racism and oppression of the Aboriginal peoples and Torres Strait Islanders have been found to be related to poor mental health.

Assessment Workbook 3 Version 2.2 Produced 27 April 2018 44 32. Categorise the needs of marginalised groups by writing P if it refers to a physical need; M for a mental need; and E for an emotional need. P a) Access to health services M b) Literacy E c) Social inclusion E d) Privacy P e) Information regarding healthy lifestyle 33. Which of the following are protective factors among Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander communities? Guidance: Select three (3) responses. a) Impact of the Stolen Generation b) Passing on cultural practices c) Connection to land and culture d) Sense of belonging e) Racial discrimination

Assessment Workbook 3 45 Version 2.2 Produced 27 April 2018 34. Which of the following are ways to maintain links and interrelationships with other service providers? Guidance: Select four (4) responses. a) Provide referrals b) Gather information about the client’s needs for service c) Access the Internet for updates on service currency d) Set appointments with to effectively maintain work relationships e) Share relevant information about the client and services while maintaining privacy and confidentiality 35. Briefly describe how each of the following can influence communication in a support context. Concept Influenc e a. Language Communication may face challenges when the client or individual support worker cannot express themselves effectively in the common language used in the facility, creating a barrier between them. b. Culture Effective communication may encounter difficulties if the client or individual support worker struggles to express themselves adequately in the facility's common language, leading to a communication barrier. c. Religion A client's religious beliefs can influence their perspectives on life, health, and death. d. Emotional state The speaker's emotional state can impact the listener's mood, depending on the delivery of the message. e. Disability A client's disability, such as speech/hearing impairment, mental health issues, or complex communication needs, may impact their ability to understand your message. f. Health The individual may be experiencing discomfort, dental issues, hearing problems, or other health issues that can impact their communication abilities. g. Age The client's perception of age may differ, leading to situations where an elderly client may be unwilling to communicate with a younger individual support worker or new staff member. Additionally, variations in

Assessment Workbook 3 Version 2.2 Produced 27 April 2018 46 language preferences between different age groups may contribute to communication challenges.

Assessment Workbook 3 47 Version 2.2 Produced 27 April 2018 36. Match the following parts of health and community service to their functions. Write the letter of your responses in the space provided. Part s Function s b) 1. Mental health services a) Care is provided by specialised personnel for patients with acute illness, injuries or trauma, or recovery from surgery. d) 2. Oral health b) Includes treatment for patients who need recovery from mental health illness or substance abuse. c) 3. Population health c) Promotes behaviour and lifestyle change to prevent the occurrence of chronic diseases. a) 4. Acute services d) Promotes the prevention of tooth decay as it significantly affects the person’s health and well-being. g) 5. Home and community care e) Provide specialist care to individual clients, depending on their needs as specified in their individualised health care plan. e) 6. Registered health professionals f) Provide information and assistance about the rights and responsibilities of clients, listen to the clients’ concerns regarding their service provider, and can provide referrals to other service providers as needed. f) 7. Advocacy and information groups g) Provides support to older people and people with a disability in their home for ADL assistance, community access, meals and domestic assistance.

Assessment Workbook 3 Version 2.2 Produced 27 April 2018 48 37. Health and community services in the public sector can be categorised into the following structure. Match each category to its definition. Write the letter of your responses in the spaces provided. Parts Functions a) 1. Primary health care service a) Refers to the overall health care of the client. This includes promotion of health and well- being, preventing illnesses, service advocacy, and community service. c) 2. Secondary health care services b) Refers to a specialised kind of treatment for the client and usually includes a facility for advanced medical treatment and investigation. b) 3. Tertiary health care services c) This includes emergency and elective treatment, either in a hospital or non- hospital setting.

Assessment Workbook 3 49 Version 2.2 Produced 27 April 2018 38.The following are sources of legal and ethical information for health and community services. Match each source to its correct application. Sourc e Applicatio n a) Residential Care Manual 2013 a) This is a guide to help approved providers comply with their responsibilities under the relevant legislation in the support sector and to assist the staff of support services to understand the regulation of residential support care. b) Aged Care Act 1997 b) This sets the standards of conduct and practice for all unregistered health care workers who provide health services. The National Code of Conduct for Health Care Workers c) This legislation is relevant to the support sector. It ensures that everyone who requires support has to access it, where it is available, regardless of their race, culture, language, gender, economic circumstance, or geographic location. It also promotes high- quality care services that meet the needs and protect the health and well-being of people.

Assessment Workbook 3 Version 2.2 Produced 27 April 2018 50 39. Which of the following are funded by the Commonwealth in relation to supporting aged care? Guidance: Select four (4) responses. a) Residential services b) Home and community care c) Hospitals d) Age pensions e) Support for family member/carer 40.Which of the following can be used as a line of communication between an organisation and other services? Guidance: Select three (3) responses. a) Reflective journals b) Progress notes c) Clinical handover d) Email correspondence e) Business reports

Assessment Workbook 3 51 Version 2.2 Produced 27 April 2018 41. Maki is a 70-year-old Torres Strait Islander. He is one of the so- called ‘Stolen Generation’. When he was just 5 years old, he was among the Indigenous children who were forced to leave the reserves and to be assimilated into the white Australian community. However, he only faced difficulties outside his community. It was very difficult for him to find work in the towns and cities, and oftentimes he was discriminated against. He was refused access to public pools and parks and even hospital services. As a result, rather than being assimilated, Maki, like many other Indigenous people, were forced to live in poverty. How would these actions impact Maki? Guidance: Select three (3) responses. a) He will want to marry a white Australian to be fully accepted into their community. b) He may develop feelings of sadness, isolation, and low self- esteem. c) He may lose the sense of his cultural identity. d) He may find it difficult to trust anyone. e) He may feel motivated to achieve more in life (e.g. job, family, financial stability).

Assessment Workbook 3 Version 2.2 Produced 27 April 2018 52 Part 2 – Research 1. The following are some of the cultural influences in Australia. Select at least two (2) of these influences. Briefly discuss how each influence changed the practices in the diverse Australian society. a) Pearling industry b) Farming industry c) The bush d) Clothing e) Food Each discussion must be between 50 – 100 words in length. a) Pearling industry: Before European settlement, Aborigines in Northern Australia were involved in pearling, harvesting and trading pearls with foreign fishermen. The arrival of Europeans led to the expansion of the pearl industry, with Aboriginal Peoples and Torres Strait Islanders exploited as divers, facing unfair labor practices and danger. As natural pearls became scarce, particularly in the Torres Strait, cultivation methods were developed to sustain the industry. b) Farming industry: The Australian farming industry prospered through agricultural farming and livestock grazing, establishing itself as a major food exporter. When challenges arose in cattle farming, European settlers turned to agricultural farming. Exploratory missions were conducted to identify suitable regions for agriculture. The innovative and adaptable approach of farmers, coupled with technological advancements, contributed to the ongoing success of the economy.

Assessment Workbook 3 53 Version 2.2 Produced 27 April 2018 2. Briefly discuss how diversity practices and experiences affect each of the following: a) Personal Behaviour b) Interpersonal relationships c) Perception d) Social expectation of others Each discussion must not exceed 50 words. a) Individual behavior is often influenced by one's cultural background. In a social setting, individuals may perceive their behavior as either dominant over others or aligned with the socially accepted norms of the majority. b) To form positive interpersonal connections, individuals should engage in direct interactions to understand other cultures, recognizing that perceptions from an outside perspective may differ from those within the culture. Compromise during cross-cultural interactions helps overlook perceived differences in dominance or inferiority. c) Exposure to different cultures broadens one's perspective and fosters acceptance of cultural differences. However, in some instances, individuals may reject their own native culture when perceiving another culture as dominant. d) Cultural awareness may lead to the formation of stereotypes, influencing perceptions as either positive or negative. Racial differences can contribute to social exclusion. Creating inclusive programs in culturally diverse environments is crucial to fostering respect for others' beliefs, opinions, and ideas.

Assessment Workbook 3 Version 2.2 Produced 27 April 2018 54 3. Research your own cultural background. a. In the spaces provided, describe your own culture’s: i. Community attitudes ii. Language iii. Policies iv. Structures b. In the corresponding columns, describe how these aspects of your culture impact different people and groups. Your own culture: Community Attitudes Description: Impact different people and groups: Language Description: Impact different people and groups: Policies Description: Impact different people and groups: Structures in your own culture Description: Impact different people and groups:

Assessment Workbook 3 55 Version 2.2 Produced 27 April 2018 4. Research the rights and responsibilities of: a. Individual support workers, including aged care workers b. Employers c. Clients (aged care clients) Identify the appropriate actions when these rights or these responsibilities are not being upheld or carried out. Complete the table provided below. Further guidance is provided for you within the template.

Rights Provide at least one (1) for each Responsibilities Provide at least one (1) for each Appropriate actions when rights are being infringed OR responsibilities are not being carried out. Provide at least one (1) for each Workers (These include individual support workers, aged care workers, care workers)  Leave entitlements  Protection from discrimination and sexual harassment in the workplace  Work in safe environment  Take reasonable care of the health and safety of others.  Report any unsafe work practices, accidents, or injuries.  Internal reporting -immediate supervisors or management  External reporting – Utilize workplace grievance procedures.  Engage in collective advocacy with colleagues.  Maintain records of incidents or issues.  Use documentations to support any claims or reports. Employers  Developing own policies and procedures / code of conduct  Securing confidential company files  Adequate emergency services  Safe equipment and machinery  Encourage open communication for employees to raise concerns.  Implement corrective actions based on investigation findings.  Implement measures for continuous improvement based on feedback.  Seek legal advice when needed and address any identified non-compliance. Clients or aged care recipients  Respect  Safety and quality  Respect  Disclosure  Communication with Facility Staff  Involvement of Advocates or Family Members  Utilizing Facility Grievance Procedures.  Legal and Regulatory Reporting.  Facilitating Mediation or Conflict Resolution. Assessment Workbook 3 Version 2.2 Produced 27 April

2018 Page 52

Assessment Workbook 3 Page 60 Version No. 2.2 Produced 27 April 2018 © Compliant Learning Resources CASE STUDIES Case Study 1: Eddie Source: https://upload.wikimedia.org/ Scenario 1: You are supporting an older person for the first time and you would like to know their preferences in care. The person you are assigned to is Eddie, an elderly person from an Aboriginal background, who is having hearing loss due to an ear infection. You introduce yourself to Eddie with a smile and he smiles back at you. Then you ask him if it’s alright to ask him questions. He smiles and nods his head. You ask him about his day and he responds with a nod. You start asking about how you could help him. Eddie looks at you and leans a little forward. You repeat the question because you think that he did not hear you well. Eddie shakes his head and looks down. You ask him if he could speak English to which he looks at you and shakes his head. The policy and procedures in your workplace require you to seek immediate assistance from an interpreter for this kind of situation.

© Compliant Learning Resources Page 53 Assessment Workbook 3 Version 2.2 Produced 27 April 2018

Assessment Workbook 3 Page 60 Version No. 2.2 Produced 27 April 2018 © Compliant Learning Resources 1. Identify two (2) things in the scenario that can potentially lead to a misunderstanding or difficulties in communication. a. Due to hearing loss, Eddie may not hear. b. He is from an Aboriginal background. May be his English knowledge is not good. 2. Identify two (2) personnel whom you could ask for immediate assistance regarding this scenario. a. Supervisor of the facility. b. Any colleague from the facility who can understand or interpret Aboriginal language.

Assessment Workbook 3 © Compliant Learning Resources Version No. 2.2 Produced 27 April 2018 Page 55 3. Refer to your responses in Case Study 1 Question 2. For the purpose of this assessment scenario, your workplace requires you to call an interpreter on the phone to request for assistance. Using an audio recording device, simulate a phone call with two (2) interpreters or relevant persons to inform them of your need for assistance. Explain the situation and the communication need. Your audio recording must be no more than 5 minutes long in total. Save your file using the filename: CHC33015-Subject 3-Case Study1 and submit it to your assessor. Guidance: Submit only one (1) audio recording for this assessment but it should contain two (2) simulated phone calls.

Assessment Workbook 3 Page 56 Version No. 2.2 Produced 27 April 2018 © Compliant Learning Resources 4. Eddie has been ill for the past few days and he refuses to take his medication. He keeps telling the other individual support worker attending to him, through an interpreter, that the centre is making him very sick. He says that bush medicine will make him feel better as that is what they used in their community. He talks about his life in the country and how he loves to tend his land as it makes him feel strong. He tells you that he misses his family and he wants to see his grandchildren. Eddie asks the other individual support worker every now and then when he can leave the centre. He is afraid that he may not be able to leave the place and he wants to die in his own country. The individual support worker then suggested that maybe his grandchildren can visit him in the centre. Eddie got upset when the individual support worker said this. He told them not to take away his grandchildren. Eddie wouldn’t speak with anyone again after that incident. Identify three (3) impacts of social and cultural diversity portrayed in this scenario. Guidance: You may refer to other resources about the Aboriginal culture to answer the question. a. Cultural disconnection and traditional healing. - Eddie's hesitation to use Western medicine and preference for bush medicine reflects a clash between traditional Indigenous healing and mainstream healthcare, potentially leading to a disconnection from his cultural roots and beliefs in the effectiveness of bush medicine. b. Emotional impact and homesickness. - Eddie's strong emotions about missing his family, especially his grandchildren, suggest that being separated from his country and loved ones can lead to homesickness and emotional distress. His wish to die in his own country highlights a profound emotional connection to his cultural and familial surroundings. c. Misunderstand and cultural sensitivity. - The individual support worker's insensitive suggestion regarding Eddie's grandchildren visiting him in the center reveals a lack of cultural sensitivity. Eddie's adverse reaction underscores the potential impact of such misunderstandings on his emotional well-being, emphasizing the need for cultural understanding and respect.

Assessment Workbook 3 © Compliant Learning Resources Version No. 2.2 Produced 27 April 2018 Page 57 5. Eddie’s other individual support worker, Isabelle, has been stressing. Isabelle says Eddie won’t cooperate with her. She approached you one day to complain about the situation. She says that she should not be assigned to a client who doesn’t speak English and has a lot of considerations for treatment. For this assessment, you are to demonstrate your communication skills in order to address the conflict between Eddie and Isabelle. Roleplay a conversation with Isabelle and record it in a video. Seek the assistance of a volunteer (this can be your friend, family, or colleague) to simulate the role of the individual support worker. Use the following guidelines to complete the scenario: a. The individual support worker must tell you about the issues between them and Eddie. b. Assist the individual support worker in understanding Eddie’s culture. c. Provide possible solutions on how they can support Eddie’s needs despite the situation. d. Ensure to maintain sensitivity between both cultures when addressing the conflict. e. Your video submission must be no more than seven (7) minutes long. Save your video using the filename: CHC33015-Subject 3-Case Study Video and submit it to your assessor. Guidance: Any video submission longer than what is required will be marked as not satisfactory .

Assessment Workbook 3 Page 58 Version No. 2.2 Produced 27 April 2018 © Compliant Learning Resources Case Study 2: Javier Source: www.pixabay.com You are working at a residential support facility with a number of younger workers. One of the residents is 7o-year-old Javier, who has been diagnosed for the chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. He has been a chain smoker since he was 20. His treatment plan includes avoidance of cigarette smoking. One day, while you were assisting a client for an early morning walk, you saw Javier and two younger workers, Eli and William, smoking electronic cigarettes (vaping) in the designated smoking area of the facility. When it was time for you to assist Javier, you told him you saw him smoking vaping with the young workers. You tell him about the health effects of electronic cigarettes. Javier says that it is better than using a real cigarette. You know that if he continues to smoke, his health condition might worsen. In fact, he has been coughing a lot lately and has been having chest pains despite taking medications. He does not report this to the individual support workers who are also assisting him, as he fears they will find out that he has been smoking again.

Assessment Workbook 3 © Compliant Learning Resources Version No. 2.2 Produced 27 April 2018 Page 59 1. As a residential aged care client, what are Javier’s rights? Identify at least two (2). a. Respect b. Safety and quality 2. Identify two (2) of Javier’s responsibilities that have been compromised in the scenario. a. Responsibility for Health and Well-being: Javier is responsible for his health and well-being. Smoking, whether traditional or electronic cigarettes, contradicts his COPD treatment plan and jeopardizes his health, compromising this responsibility. b. Responsibility for Open Communication: Javier is responsible for openly communicating changes in his health, such as coughing and chest pains, with the support workers. Fearing judgment, he compromises this responsibility, hindering effective care and support.

Assessment Workbook 3 Page 60 Version No. 2.2 Produced 27 April 2018 © Compliant Learning Resources 3. After talking with Javier, you decided to talk with the Eli and William, the individual support workers Javier has been smoking with. You told Eli and William what would possibly happen to the Javier and to them as individual support workers if they did not stop smoking. Eli told you that they are just helping Javier reserve his right as he wanted to smoke again. The next day, just like nothing happened, you saw the Eli and William again with Javier. You overheard from other individual support workers that Javier has been giving them money to buy liquid nicotine. The service provider prohibits any staff in the facility from participating in any substance use with the client including drugs, alcohol, or cigarettes. Moreover, staff are to avoid any situations that will cause a conflict of interest while performing their duties in the facility. According to your organisation’s policies and procedures, you are to report instances like this to your supervisor. Write a report to your supervisor informing him about the incident. In your report, discuss any legal and ethical responsibilities that were breached in the scenario. Discuss the actions you have taken and any feedback that you have identified. Write your report below. Report: Subject: Report on Breach of Substance Use Policy and Conflict of Interest Dear Supervisor, I am writing to report a concerning incident involving Javier, a resident, and individual support workers, Eli and William. On 15/01/2024, I observed Eli and William vaping with Javier in the designated area despite informing them of the health risks and facility policies. It has come to my attention that Javier provided money to purchase liquid nicotine, a clear violation of our substance use policy. This raises legal and ethical concerns, infringing on Javier's right to a safe environment. Despite my attempts to address the issue with Eli and William, the behavior persists. I recommend a thorough review and intervention to address the breaches. Your guidance on handling this matter effectively is appreciated. Sincerely, Eshitha Individual support worker 04 xxxxxxxxxx

Assessment Workbook 3 © Compliant Learning Resources Version No. 2.2 Produced 27 April 2018 Page 61 Case Study 3: Janis Janis is an 80-year-old client in a Lotus Compassionate Care’s respite care facility. She has been diagnosed with Parkinson’s disease about eight years ago and is showing signs of dementia. She stays at home with her youngest son, Ian, who serves as her carer during weekends. On weekdays, Ian brings his mum to the facility as he has to go to work. You have been assigned to provide care services for Janis. Janis undergoes therapy at least twice a week, usually every Monday and Thursday. She has been observed to be cooperative with the therapist and individual support workers and shows a light disposition. Source: www.pixabay.com One Monday, her son Ian requested if he could watch over while his mum undergoes therapy session as she is unwell. According to the organisation’s policies, carers of clients are only allowed to watch their patients outside the therapy room. While the therapy session is ongoing, you noticed that Ian is uneasy – he is pacing around the room and peeks into the therapy room’s small window. After the therapy, the specialist reports that Janis is unusually quiet today. You leave her with her son, as the son requested that he talk with his mum. A few minutes later, you see Ian storming out of the room, his face looking furious. You walk over to Janis to ask what happened. She is hesitant at first, but she tells you that her son is suggesting that she stays in the facility as he may not be able to watch after her anymore. His son also told her that he would be managing the house while she is away, so he asked her to provide access to her bank accounts, so he could also pay for her medication. Janis says that Ian probably got upset because she couldn’t tell him the information about her accounts as she might be having memory lapses. Janis further tells you not to speak about this with anyone. Janis returns home with her son that weekend but is not around the following week. Her son tells you that his mum has become very ill and does not want to leave the house. He promises to bring her next week.

Assessment Workbook 3 Page 62 Version No. 2.2 Produced 27 April 2018 © Compliant Learning Resources Janis arrives at the respite care facility on the week advised. She is even quieter, and only stares or nods when you talk with her. She also seemed to have lost weight. While helping her get dressed one morning, you noticed that she has bruises on her wrists. She also has rashes on her back. You ask Janis what happened, and she tells you that her son is getting stressed out with her and is drinking a lot lately. He asked her one time to sign a document, but her hands are having difficulty moving, so her son grabbed her hand. You ask her if she’s hurt but she says that she will be fine. She feels sad because she wants to stay with her son. Her son also tells her not to call him as he will be very busy. You suspect that Janis is being abused by her son. Under your organisation’s policies and procedures, any suspected abuse of clients, whether by their carer or support staff in the facility, must be immediately reported to the supervisor. Guidance: For the purpose of this assessment, the date that you are currently talking with Janis is 23 May 20xx. The current time is 9:00 AM. 1. Identify at least two (2) indicators of risk affecting Janis in the scenario. 1. Unexplained bruises and rashes on Janis's wrists and back are indicators of physical abuse. These injuries raise concerns about her safety and well-being. 2. Janis's son's controlling behavior, including pressuring her to disclose financial information and isolating her from communication, indicates potential emotional and financial abuse.

Assessment Workbook 3 © Compliant Learning Resources Version No. 2.2 Produced 27 April 2018 Page 63 2. What is your duty of care to Janis, relating to the scenario? Identify at least two (2). 1. Protection from Harm: As a caregiver, my duty to Janis is to ensure her protection from harm. I am suspecting abuse by her son. To take immediate action, protect her, and report the situation to the supervisor following organizational policies. 2. Promoting Well-being: My duty of care includes promoting Janis's well-being. If she experiences abuse, intervene, provide support, and report to the supervisor to ensure her safety and well-being.

Assessment Workbook 3 Page 64 Version No. 2.2 Produced 27 April 2018 © Compliant Learning Resources 3. Roleplay the last part of the scenario where you are speaking with Janis about the suspected abuse. Your task is to show evidence that you can use effective communication in the context of an aged care setting. Use the following guidelines to complete the scenario:  Janis asked you not to report the bruises and rashes you found on her body.  She also asked you to call her son and tell him that she wishes to be home for the weekend.  She tells you that she wants to stay with her son because he is starting to become an alcoholic and is going out with some friends whom she doesn’t like. As the individual support worker, you must be able to demonstrate the following:  Appropriate use of verbal and non-verbal communication when speaking with the client.  Listening to the client’s requests and clarifying what they meant.  Briefly discuss the service that the organisation can provide if she decides to stay in a permanent residential care facility.  Ensure the client that you are maintaining the confidentiality of the conversation. Enlist the assistance of at least one volunteer and video record this task to be submitted to your assessor. Your video submission must be no more than 7 minutes long. Guidance: Any video submission longer than what is required will be marked as not satisfactory . Your assessor will be evaluating you based on the criteria of the Assessor’s Checklist provided below.

Assessment Workbook 3 © Compliant Learning Resources Version No. 2.2 Produced 27 April 2018 Page 65 Assessor’s Checklist (For assessor’s use only) Check Yes or No if the candidate’s submission meets the following criteria: 1. The candidate’s video submission is no more than 7 minutes long. Yes No 2. The verbal and non-verbal communication appropriately: a. Uses active listening Yes No b. Clarifies information (e.g. repeats client’s request) Yes No c. Uses proper posture in the act of listening Yes No d. Maintains eye contact as necessary Yes No e. Nods or shakes head as necessary Yes No f. Maintains proper professional distance from the client Yes No 3. The candidate does not provide personal advice to the client about the situation. Yes No 4. The candidate has provided information about residential care services, within his/her own work role. Ye s No 5. The candidate ensures the client that the conversation is confidential. Yes No

Assessment Workbook 3 Page 66 Version No. 2.2 Produced 27 April 2018 © Compliant Learning Resources 4. You have reported the situation about Janis to your supervisor, in line with your organisation’s policies and procedures. The supervisor asks you to complete a form that will be filed in case the suspected abuse happens again. He has further advised you to keep track of the signs of possible abuse that you have noticed. Complete the form below. Guidance: For the purpose of this assessment, your work number is your home phone number. Reportable Assault Form Your Name: Eshitha Aluthwala Position/Role: Individual support worker. Work Number: 0421900425 Name of Provider: Eshitha Note: An officer might contact you for further details on the incident. The report is related to: Unreasonable use of force or assault Unlawful sexual contact Date and time of alleged/suspected assault were made known: Date: 23/05/2023 Time: 09:00 AM Has assault been reported to the police? Ye s No Have police arrested or charged a person in relation to the assault? Ye s No Do not know Actions taken: Made a report and submitted to Supervisor. Taken necessary care for her Physical and emotional well-being. I declare that the information I have provided in this form is complete and correct. Name: Eshitha Date: 23/05/2023

Assessment Workbook 3 © Compliant Learning Resources Version No. 2.2 Produced 27 April 2018 Page 67 WORKBOOK CHECKLIST When you have completed assessing the assessment workbook, review the candidate’s submission against the checklist below:  The candidate has completed all the assessments in the workbook and has submitted all of the required evidence:  Part 1 – Multiple Choice Questions  Part 2 – Research  Case Studies  Case Study 1: Eddie  Responses to Case Study 1 Questions  Case Study 2: Javier  Case Study 2: Roleplaying/audio submission  Case Study 2: Roleplaying/video submission  Responses to Case Study 2 Questions  Case Study 2: Email to Supervisor  Case Study 3: Janis  Responses to Case Study 3 Questions  Case Study 3: Roleplaying/video submission  Case Study 3: Reportable Assault Form IMPORTANT REMINDER Candidates must achieve a satisfactory result to ALL assessment tasks to be awarded COMPETENT for the units relevant to this cluster. To award the candidate competent in the units relevant to this subject, the candidate must successfully complete all the requirements listed above according to the prescribed benchmarks. End of Document