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Discussion Response 1 DISCUSSION RESPONSES by [Name] Professor Institution Location of Institution Course Date

Discussion Response 2 Responding to Saad Alrashdi Good day Saad, In any research that research decides to indulge, it is always imperative for the researcher to collect information that would ascertain the achievement of the research objectives and goals and answering the research question. In many health care and business researchers, it is always essential for the researcher to engage in obtaining information directly from the research participants rather than using the already collected information (Sapsford, 2006). Therefore, primary research enables researchers to obtain reliable and valid information which benefits a research project. There are different types of data collection methods that a researcher can utilise towards collecting information for research, and these include interviews, observation and use of questionnaires, amongst others (Adhabi & Anozie, 2017). It is true, as you have asserted, that collecting secondary data is often very easy since such information is often easily accessible and cost-effective, compared to primary data. The strengths of collecting information from the research participants through an interview are that it enables the researcher to ask the respondent any question relating to the research topic together with their non-verbal behaviours (Phillips & Stawarski, 2008). Interview as a data collection method has the weakness of research bias since research can choose the respondents to ask particular questions. Quinlan et al. (2015) assert that observation as a data collection method is the easiest since the researcher is only required to observe the behaviours and attitudes of the research respondents, and some of the respondent's behaviours cannot be observed in interviews. To answer your question, the different methods of data analysis that I know include regressive analysis, descriptive analysis, dispersion analysis, discriminant analysis and time series analysis, amongst others.

Discussion Response 3 Question: What are the benefits of using inferential data analysis? (287 Words) References Adhabi, E. & Anozie, C.B. (2017). Literature review for the type of interview in qualitative research. International Journal of Education , 9(3): 86-97. Available from: https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Christina_Anozie/publication/320009898_Literat ure_Review_for_the_Type_of_Interview_in_Qualitative_Research/links/5bca198245 8515f7d9cb8733/Literature-Review-for-the-Type-of-Interview-in-Qualitative- Research [Accessed 05 July 2020]. Phillips, P.P. & Stawarski, C.A. (2008). Data Collection: Planning for and Collecting all Types of Data (Vol. 175). Hoboken, New Jersey: John Wiley & Sons. Available from: https://books.google.co.ke/books? hl=en&lr=&id=0zqtGI9BFO4C&oi=fnd&pg=PR13&dq=Phillips,+P., +and+Stawarski,+C+(2008)+Data+Collection: +Planning+for+and+Collecting+All+Types+of+Data.+San+Francisco:+John+Wiley+ %26+Sons+&ots=T1vbyR5qEj&sig=RGijzmfhTU_La0JuCqpP8qLzdzU&redir_esc= y#v=onepage&q&f=false [Accessed 05 July 2020]. Quinlan, C., Zikmund, W., Babin, B., Carr, J. & Griffin, M. (2015). Business Research Methods. Boston: South Western Cengage. Available from: https://dora.dmu.ac.uk/handle/2086/16844 [Accessed 05 July 2020]. Sapsford, R. (2006). Research and Information on the Net. Data Collection and Analysis , 124-136. Available from: https://methods.sagepub.com/book/data-collection-and- analysis/n5.xml [Accessed 05 July 2020].

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Discussion Response 4 Responding to Mohamed Alakberi Hope you are good Mohamed, Many researchers often choose to collect data by engaging in primary methods of data collection rather than using secondary data. The reason for this, as you have asserted, is that the primary data ensures that the researcher obtains the authentic information, verified and up to date, therefore informing the research process. Many researchers often opt to use interviews or questionnaires to collect information from the research participants, and this is due to the ability to ask the respondents many questions relating to the research topic (Paradis et al., 2016). Interview and use of the questionnaire are also time-consuming, and the cost associated with the methods is higher compared to observation (Lietz, 2010). The cost of printing materials and arranging an area where the interview would be conducted is high, compared to observing the behaviours of the respondents. Interview also allows a researcher to observe the non-verbal cues of communication from the respondents, especially when asking questions, and this would enable the researcher to form a conclusion from such interaction (Bell et al., 2018). When a researcher engages in collecting information by asking the respondents open-ended questions, the ideal method for collecting such information would be the use of questionnaire rather than interview (Moser & Korstjens, 2018). Towards answering your question at the end of your post, a researcher can know the most appropriate data analysis method for the research based on the information and the data collection method that the researcher utilised. The qualitative and quantitative data collection methods often guide the researcher on the data analysis method to use together with whether the researcher wants to establish the characteristic of the whole population or for the sample alone (Moser & Korstjens, 2018).

Discussion Response 5 Question: What are the different types of questionnaires used in data collection? (301 Words) References Bell, E., Bryman, A. & Harley, B. (2018). Business Research Methods . Oxford university press. Available from: https://portal.regenesys.net/course/discussions/editors/kcfinder/upload/files/MBA9_B RES_SLIDES_v17.5_Class_1a%281%29.pdf [Accessed 05 July 2020]. Lietz, P. (2010). Research into Questionnaire Design: A Summary of the Literature. International Journal of Market Research , 52(2): 249-272. Available from: https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/Research-into-Questionnaire-Design%3A-A- Summary-of-Lietz/3c20d5e328a5c538cb638dd46222f8de18af4164?p2df [Accessed 05 July 2020]. Moser, A. & Korstjens, I. (2018). Series: Practical Guidance to Qualitative Research. Part 3: Sampling, Data Collection and Analysis. European Journal of General Practice , 24(1): 9-18. Available from: https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/pdf/10.1080/13814788.2017.1375091 [Accessed 05 July 2020]. Paradis, E., O'Brien, B., Nimmon, L., Bandiera, G. & Martimianakis, M.A. (2016). Design: Selection of Data Collection Methods. Journal of Graduate Medical Education , 8(2): 263-264. Available from: https://www.jgme.org/doi/pdf/10.4300/JGME-D-16-00098.1 [Accessed 05 July 2020].

Discussion Response 6 Responding to Waleed Hello Waleed, Data collection method, as you have put, it is one of the most important steps in research since without data, there is no research. Researchers often opt into using primary or secondary data according to the research being conducted and the importance of the research to the individual. Primary data are the most important information to be used in the research since it often ascertains that the researcher obtains the information that would help in attaining research objectives and goals (Hair et al., 2007). Primary data, unlike secondary data, are also very valid and reliable; therefore, they ascertain that the research objective is obtained. After the collection of information from the research participants, the researcher often engages in analysing such information by using the various data analysis methods such as regression analysis (Saunders et al., 2019). Interview, questionnaire, and observation are three methods that can be used to collect information from the research participants, and they posit different strengths and weaknesses. The strength of observation as a data collection method is that it is very easy to observe the behaviours, attitudes and activities of the respondents (Peersman, 2014). Its weakness is that not all human behaviour can be observed. Interview as a data collection method has the strength of asking the respondents questions that relate to the research question and has the weakness of causing research bias (Phellas et al., 2001). A questionnaire has the strength of asking respondents open-ended questions together with asking a question in any angle that the researcher wants. Questionnaire has the weakness of misinterpretation of the question by the respondent. Inferential and differential data analysis are important as they enable a researcher to interpret the data collected from the research concerning the population (Peersman, 2014).

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Discussion Response 7 Question: What are the different ways of collecting information in research through the use of interview? (310 Words) References Hair, J.F., Money, A.H., Samouel, P. & Page, M. (2007). Research Methods for Business. Education+ Training . Available from: https://www.emerald.com/insight/content/doi/10.1108/et.2007.49.4.336.2/full/html? journalCode=et [Accessed 05 July 2020]. Peersman, G. (2014). Overview: Data Collection and Analysis Methods in Impact Evaluation . UNICEF Office of Research-Innocenti. Available from: https://www.unicef- irc.org/publications/pdf/brief_10_data_collection_analysis_eng.pdf [Accessed 05 July 2020]. Phellas, C.N., Bloch, A. & Seale, C. (2011). Structured Methods: Interviews, Questionnaires and Observation. Researching Society and Culture , 3: 181-205. Available from: https://books.google.co.ke/books? hl=en&lr=&id=uhBCvNlypL4C&oi=fnd&pg=PA181&dq=interviews+and+questionn aires+research+methods&ots=bE_T--e-bA&sig=qw-0NQ7C2D_COI0- KUoagkGiKbY&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=interviews%20and%20questionnaires %20research%20methods&f=false [Accessed 05 July 2020]. Saunders, M., Lewis, P. & Thornhill, A. (2019). Research Methods for Business Students , Eighth Edition . London: Pearson. [Accessed online via vitalsource.com, 05 July 2020].

Discussion Response 8 Responding to Maryam Hello Maryam, Primary data and secondary data can be used by a researcher in research to derive conclusions and recommendation about the research being conducted by the researcher. In most case, a researcher often opts into using primary data rather than secondary data since such information is always authentic as it has been collected directly from the research participants, compared to secondary data authenticity and validity of which cannot be ascertained (Sreejesh et al., 2014). Collecting primary data is always a daunting task requiring the researcher to ensure that he/she gives all they can towards the process. These three methods of data collection also possess various strengths and weaknesses, which often inform the researcher on the data collection method to integrate (Ghauri et al., 2020). Interview ensures that the researcher can communicate directly to the respondents; therefore, one has the opportunity to ask any question relating to the research that would help in attaining research objectives and goals (Alshenqeeti, 2014). Observation as a data collection method is very easy to undertake since the researcher is only required to observe the behaviour and conducts of the participants, and one will not incur costs associated with interview and questionnaire (Codó et al., 2008). The weaknesses are that the researcher will not be able to gain feedback or opinion from the subjects observed, making it difficult to analyse such information. To answer your question at the end of the post, data analysis facilitate a research project since a researcher cannot develop research findings, conclusions and recommendation without analysing the data collected. To establish a relationship between the information collected and the population under study data analysis is required (Ghauri et al., 2020).

Discussion Response 9 Question: Collecting information for a research project through interviews or questionnaire which will you choose? Why? (303 Words) References Alshenqeeti, H. (2014). Interviewing as a Data Collection Method: A Critical Review. English Linguistics Research , 3(1): 39-45. Available from: https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Hamza_Alshenqeeti/publication/269869369_Inte rviewing_as_a_Data_Collection_Method_A_Critical_Review/links/55d6ea6508aed6a 199a4fd34.pdf [Accessed 05 June 2020]. Codó, E., Dans, L. & Wei, M.M. (2008). Interviews and Questionnaires. The Blackwell Guide to Research Methods in Bilingualism and Multilingualism , 158-176. Available from: https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1002/9781444301120#page=171 [Accessed 05 June 2020]. Ghauri, P., Grønhaug, K. & Strange, R. (2020). Research Methods in Business Studies . Cambridge University Press. Available from: https://books.google.co.ke/books? hl=en&lr=&id=6tLKDwAAQBAJ&oi=fnd&pg=PR14&dq=interviews, +observation+and+questionnaires+research+methods+in+business&ots=7ak7_qcYpp &sig=Ym7Y_Wcxpc5S0La9vUb03YASxAg&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=interviews %2C%20observation%20and%20questionnaires%20research%20methods%20in %20business&f=false [Accessed 05 June 2020]. Sreejesh, S., Mohapatra, S. & Anusree, M.R. (2014). Business Research Design: Exploratory, Descriptive and Causal Designs. In Business Research Methods . Switzerland: Springer, Cham, 25-103. Available from: https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-3-319-00539-3_3 [Accessed 05 June 2020].

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