Mallory Knowledge Check
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SLP5115300
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Feb 20, 2024
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Mallory Knowledge Check
Master of Science-Speech Language Pathology
SLP 5115500
January 21, 2024
Southwest Speech and Hearing Clinic
900 Park Lane
Dallas, Texas 75231
Name: Mallory
Date of birth:
Chronological age: 4;6
REASON FOR REFERRAL:
Mallory is a 4 year, 6-month-old child who was referred by her parents for assessment due to concerns about her intelligibility. Parents report she has met all developmental milestones on time other than oral speech. Health history is not significant for any factors that might affect her speech development.
ASSESSMENT QUESTIONS:
After assessing Mallory in a variety of communication areas, will she present with a speech sound or language disorder? What areas of oral speech will Mallory need intervention in if a speech/language disorder is present?
CASE HISTORY: The SLP will collect Mallory’s case history via a questionnaire with questions regarding any history of family speech or language difficulties; language/s used in her environment and primary language Mallory uses; perception of intelligibility by preschool teacher if Mallory is in school; and all oral speech development history. Since information
is provided about her health history not being significant to her speech development, questions regarding this subject are not necessary and other typical case history questions should be asked. After reviewing the family's primary language, the questionnaire will be provided in the correct language format since it is essential for SLP clinical approach to be cultural responsiveness according to ASHA and for gathering the most accurate information. The SLP will conduct an interview with the parent’s during the initial appointment to ask any follow up questions for clarification (ASHA, n.d.). HEARING SCREENING:
A hearing screening will be conducted by the SLP. This will include an otoscopic inspection to evaluate the tympanic
membrane and the ear canal, pure-tone audiometry, and assessment of the middle ear canal by immittance testing
(ASHA, n.d.). ORAL MECHANISM EXAM:
The SLP will conduct an oral mechanism exam to assess whether the speech mechanism is structurally and functionally able to produce speech. This should include assessment “of the lips jaw, tongues, and velum” (ASHA, n.d.) This should also include assessment of both the hard and soft palate. Dental occlusion and deviations to specific teeth should also be assessed (ASHA, n.d.).
SPEECH SOUND ASSESSMENT:
Single word assessment: The SLP will conduct a single word assessment with the Golden-Fristoe Test of Articulation 3rd Edition (GFTA-3). This assessment’s technical information includes a normative group of 1,500 children within Mallory's age group and has a test-retest stability of .92 in single sound word making it a reliable and valid source to use. This assessment has norms for use with clients 2-21 years old (Goldman, n.d.). Connected speech assessment:
The SLP will take a connected-speech sample through Mallory having conversations with the SLP and her family during play. Mallory will also retell a story. The SLP will review any speech sound errors that presented themself in the single-word assessment to distinguish if those speech sounds present themselves in her connected speech. ASHA details how a connected speech assessment should be conducted through a “variety of talking tasks” and a “variety of communication partners” in order to evaluate effectively (ASHA, n.d.).
INTELLIGIBILITY:
An intelligibility score will be calculated by the SLP by using the connected speech sample. The SLP will count the number of words Mallory produced in the speech sample. The SLP will also count the number words that are intelligible in the speech sample. The percentage of intelligible speech will be calculated by dividing the number of intelligible words by the total number of words. According to Coplan and Gleason, as cited by ASHA, by 47 months old a child should be 100% intelligible. Mallory is 4 years 6 months, or 54 months old (ASHA, n.d.)
SEVERITY:
Severity will be determined by the SLP by calculation of the percentage of consonants correct (PCC). This is done by
dividing the number of correct consonants by the total number of consonants and multiplying the answer by 100. Severity is rated on a scale from mild to severe with a PCC score of less than 50 classified as severe and a PCC of 85-
100 classified as mild (ASHA, n.d.).
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STIMULABILITY:
The SLP will test for stimulability of the inaccurate sounds produced on the GFTA-3. The stimulability test will help the SLP understand in what context the child is best able to imitate sounds, how much cueing is needed for sound production, if the sound will develop without intervention, and which target sounds would be appropriate if therapy is warranted (ASHA, n.d.)
SPEECH PERCEPTION:
The SLP will assess the client’s speech perception. This will be done through picture identification tasks. In these tasks the client will show the child two to four pictures. These pictures will be items with “minimal phonetic differences” (ASHA, n.d.). The SLP will ask the child to point to the picture of the word the SLP says. This will help the SLP know if the child can hear the differences in the phonemes (ASHA, n.d.). PHONOLOGICAL PROCESSING:
The Emerging Literacy and Language Assessment (ELLA) will be administered by the SLP to test phonological processing. This assessment is age-appropriate for this patient because it is appropriate for children ages 4;6 to 9;11 (ELLA, n.d.). It can provide evidence of a “single deficit -in phonological awareness, memory and processing speed, or dealing with written symbols - or a double deficit - in phonological awareness and memory and processing speed - or deficits in all three areas tested.”
(Wiig, 2009)
LANGUAGE:
The SLP will administer the Preschool Language Scales Fifth Edition (PLS-5) to assess the language skills of the client. This test is appropriate for ages Birht-7;11. This test is comprehensive and assess developmental language. It
includes items for pre-verbal to early literacy (Preschool, n.d.)
References
ASHA. “Speech Sound Disorders: Articulation and Phonology.” (n.d.). American Speech-Language-Hearing Association
, American Speech-Language-Hearing Association, www.asha.org/practice-portal/clinical-
topics/articulation-and-phonology/#collapse_5. Accessed 19 Jan. 2024. “Ella® - Emerging Literacy & Language Assessment®.” (n.d.). Super Duper Publications - Fun Learning Materials for Kids!
, www.superduperinc.com/ella-emerging-literacy-language-assessment.html. Accessed 20 Jan. 2024. Goldman-Fristoe Test of Articulation 3.” (n.d.). GFTA-3
, www.pearsonassessments.com/store/usassessments/en/Store/Professional-Assessments/Developmental-
Early-Childhood/Goldman-Fristoe-Test-of-Articulation-3/p/100001202.html. Accessed 20 Jan. 2024. “Preschool Language Scales: Fifth Edition.” (n.d.). PLS-5 Preschool Language Scales 5th Edition
, www.pearsonassessments.com/store/usassessments/en/Store/Professional-Assessments/Speech-%26-
Language/Preschool-Language-Scales-%7C-Fifth-Edition/p/100000233.html. Accessed 20 Jan. 2024. Wiig, E. (2009). Emergent literacy and Language Evaluation (Ella). Retrieved from https://www.speechpathology.com/ask-the-experts/emergent-literacy-and-language-evaluation-756.