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Mya Reid
645.768 System Design and integration
Homework #5 (Individual)
Consider Surveillance Drone Ground Station:
A dedicated area within the Command Center houses the Surveillance Drone Ground Station, equipped with control consoles and telemetry systems. From here, operators oversee drone operations, including flight planning, navigation, and data acquisition. This enables real-time aerial reconnaissance and situational assessment of affected areas.
1.
Select a configuration item (hardware or software) of the Command Center as the subject for your trade study. Justify your selection. For this trade study, the selected configuration item is the telemetry system used in the Surveillance Drone Ground Station.
Justification:
The telemetry system is a critical component that facilitates communication between the ground station and the drones in flight. It affects data transmission's reliability, range, and efficiency, which are crucial for real-
time aerial reconnaissance and situational assessment in disaster management scenarios.
2.
Identify and describe at least three alternatives (include references)
1.
Satellite-based Telemetry System:
Utilizes satellite communication for long-range and reliable data transmission. (Reference: "
Satellite Telemetry, Tracking and Control Subsystems" by Col John E. Keesee)
2.
Cellular-based Telemetry System:
Relies on cellular networks for data transmission, providing coverage in populated areas with existing infrastructure. (Reference: "The Measurement, Instrumentation and Sensors Handbook, Vol. 11” by John G. Webster)
3.
Mesh Network Telemetry System:
Establishes a mesh network among drones and ground stations for decentralized communication, suitable for areas with limited or damaged infrastructure. (Reference: " Telemetry System Based on MESH Network and Its Application" by Hongxiang et al.)
Mya Reid
3.
Identify and define a set of defendable selection criteria (include definition and units).
#
Selection Criteria
Unit
Description
A
Reliability
%
The probability that the telemetry system functions without failure over a given period.
B
Range
Kilometers
The maximum distance over which the telemetry system can reliably transmit data.
C
Data Transmission Speed
Megabits per
second
The rate at which data is transmitted between the ground station and drones.
D
Interference Resistance
dBm
The ability of the telemetry system to maintain communication integrity in the presence of external interference sources such as electromagnetic interference or jamming.
E
Latency
milliseconds
The delay between data transmission from the ground station to drones and the reception of acknowledgment or response influences the responsiveness of drone operations and data acquisition.
4.
Identify and map specific requirements to each selection criterion. #
Selection
Criteria
Requirements
A
Reliability
O-3: The FEDPAS System shall maintain control over all unmanned FEDPAS resources.
O-7: The FEDPAS System shall operate with at least two primary command center operators and no more than four.
O-12: The FEDPAS System shall facilitate the deployment and recovery of all FEDPAS resources.
O-13: The FEDPAS System shall maintain control over all unmanned FEDPAS resources.
B
Range
O-1: The FEDPAS System shall collect information necessary to construct an operational picture of a community after a hurricane strikes.
O-2: The FEDPAS System shall integrate collected information into an operational picture of a community.
O-11: The FEDPAS System shall facilitate mission planning for a single hurricane event by enabling Route planning of all FEDPAS vehicles, Scheduling and assignment
of personnel, and Scheduling and deployment of all FEDPAS resources.
O-15: The FEDPAS System shall facilitate the storage, staging, supply, repair, and maintenance of all FEDPAS vehicles (manned and autonomous) when not in use.
C
Data
Transmission
F-1: The FEDPAS shall be capable of deploying necessary resources and sensors to communities before and after a hurricane has struck (but not during).
Mya Reid
Speed
F-4: The FEDPAS System shall display streaming imagery from selectable sensors.
F-10: The FEDPAS System shall enable command and control operators to direct the movement and location of system resources.
P-2: The FEDPAS System shall display video and still pictures within 1 second of capture.
D
Interference
Resistance
E-16: The FEDPAS System shall prevent the entry of unauthorized users into all FEDPAS systems with a success rate of at least 95%.
E-17: The FEDPAS System shall detect threat intrusions of all information systems with a success rate of at least 90%.
E-18: The FEDPAS System shall remove at least 50% of threats resident within system information systems without causing a fatal system crash.
E- 19: The FEDPAS System shall isolate at least 90% of threats resident within system information systems without causing a fatal system crash.
E
Latency
P-4: The FEDPAS System shall store all collected imagery from an emergency weather event lasting at least two weeks.
P-5: The FEDPAS System shall archive all collected imagery, data, and communications from every emergency weather event.
F-3: The FEDPAS System shall archive all imagery collected for later retrieval.
F-4: The FEDPAS System shall display streaming imagery from selectable sensors.
5.
Weight the selection criteria. (use the Nth-Root Pairwise Comparison method) Criterion 1
Criterion 2
Most Important
Level of Importance
A
B
A
7
A
C
A
6
A
D
D
6
A
E
A
7
B
C
A
6
B
D
Equal
5
B
E
Equal
5
C
D
Equal
5
C
E
E
6
D
E
D
7
6.
Develop utility curves for the selection criteria. Provide the graphs.
Row
Value
Products
Nth root of
row value
products
Normalized
Weighting
Factors
1764
6.42
0.579
42.857
2.74
0.247
1.3889
1.12
0.101
0.08
0.51
0.046
0.0064
0.31
0.028
A
B
C
D
E
A
1
7
6
6
7
B
1
0.142
6
5
5
C
1
0.167
0.17
5
6
D
1
0.167
0.2
0.2
6
E
1
0.142
0.2
0.167
0.167
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a.
Reliability
b.
Range
c.
Data Transmission Speed
d.
Interference Resistance
e.
Latency
7.
Collect data for the alternatives and complete the trade study matrix (provided). Please see attached
8.
Perform a sensitivity analysis. Please see attached
9.
Make a formal recommendation.
Mya Reid
Considering the trade study results, the Cellular-based Telemetry System is the most cost-effective option among the alternatives. It demonstrates a competitive performance across various criteria while maintaining a relatively lower cost than the other alternatives. The Cellular-based Telemetry System achieves a commendable balance between reliability, range, data transmission speed, interference resistance, and latency,
making it a compelling choice for the FEDPAS System.
However, it is crucial to acknowledge the potential risks associated with the alternatives. For instance, while the Cellular-based Telemetry System excels in populated areas with existing infrastructure, it may face challenges in remote or disaster-stricken regions with limited network coverage. Additionally, political considerations such as regulatory frameworks, spectrum allocation, and partnerships with telecommunication providers could impact the implementation and operation of cellular-based systems.
In contrast, the Satellite-based Telemetry System offers extensive coverage and reliability but may entail higher costs and latency issues. On the other hand, the Mesh Network Telemetry System presents a decentralized communication approach suitable for areas with damaged infrastructure. Nevertheless, establishing and maintaining the mesh network may require substantial investment.
Given these factors, the recommendation is to proceed with the Cellular-based Telemetry System as the preferred choice for the FEDPAS System. It provides a balanced solution that aligns with the operational requirements, offers satisfactory performance, and ensures cost-effectiveness. However, it is essential to continuously monitor advancements in technology, regulatory changes, and evolving operational needs to adapt and optimize the telemetry system as necessary.
If two or more alternatives appear indistinguishable based on the criteria and analysis, it is vital to acknowledge this uncertainty and emphasize the need for further evaluation or adjustments. In this scenario, if the alternatives exhibit comparable performance and cost-effectiveness, the decision-makers may opt for a phased approach, piloting multiple
systems in different operational contexts to assess real-world performance and mitigate risks before full-scale deployment.
Ultimately, the recommendation aims to provide a robust foundation for decision-makers to evaluate and implement the most suitable telemetry system for the FEDPAS, ensuring
effective disaster response and management capabilities.
10. Identify the resulting risks associated with your trade study or your formal recommendation.
Mya Reid
Types of
Risks
Associated Risks
Operational
Implementation Challenges: Transitioning to a new telemetry system may involve hurdles such as integration with existing infrastructure, personnel training, and ensuring seamless operational deployment.
Reliability Concerns: While the Cellular-based Telemetry System shows promise, reliance on cellular networks introduces vulnerabilities to network outages, congestion, and signal interference, particularly during high-demand scenarios or in remote areas.
Technical
Performance Variability: The real-world performance of the chosen telemetry system may deviate from expected outcomes due to environmental conditions, equipment malfunctions, or software bugs.
Scalability Issues: As operational demands evolve or expand, the scalability of the chosen system could become a challenge, leading to constraints in handling increased data traffic or supporting additional functionalities.
Financial
Cost Overruns: Initial cost estimates for deployment and operation of the Cellular-based Telemetry System may only partially account for unforeseen expenses such as infrastructure upgrades, maintenance, or regulatory compliance.
Budget Constraints: Limited funding or budgetary allocations could hinder the implementation
of the chosen telemetry system or compromise its performance and effectiveness.
Regulatory and Compliance
Regulatory Changes: Evolving regulations related to telecommunications, data privacy, or emergency response protocols may necessitate adjustments to the chosen telemetry system,
potentially leading to delays or additional costs.
Compliance Requirements: Ensuring compliance with regulatory standards and industry best practices, especially regarding data security, privacy, and emergency communications, is critical but could pose challenges if not adequately addressed.
Environmental
Geographic Vulnerabilities: Geographic factors such as terrain, weather patterns, and natural disasters could affect the operational effectiveness of the chosen telemetry system, particularly in regions prone to extreme weather events or geopolitical instability.
Supply Chain Disruptions: Dependency on external suppliers for equipment, components, or services may expose the telemetry system to risks associated with supply chain disruptions, geopolitical tensions, or trade conflicts.
Stakeholder
Stakeholder Resistance: Resistance from stakeholders, including government agencies, emergency responders, or local communities, to the chosen telemetry system could impede its adoption or lead to delays in implementation.
Political Interference: Political influences, competing agendas, or bureaucratic hurdles may impact decision-making processes, resource allocations, or project timelines, potentially undermining the effectiveness of the chosen telemetry system.
References:
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Col, J., & Keesee. (2003). Satellite Telemetry, Tracking and Control Subsystems
. https://ocw.mit.edu/courses/16-851-satellite-engineering-fall-
2003/35282c5f2e394c6567be2a64dd3d423a_l20_satellitettc.pdf
He, J., Cheng, Z., & Guo, B. (2022). Anomaly Detection in Satellite Telemetry Data Using a Sparse Feature-Based Method. Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)
, 22
(17), 6358. https://doi.org/10.3390/s22176358
Aller, M., & Pennell, J. (n.d.). http://materias.df.uba.ar/l2aa2020c1/files/2012/07/Measurement-
Instrumentation-Sensors.pdf
Z. Hongxiang, D. Qing and L. Ming, "Telemetry System Based on MESH Network and Its Application," 2020 IEEE International Conference on Artificial Intelligence and Information Systems (ICAIIS)
, Dalian, China, 2020, pp. 217-220, doi: 10.1109/ICAIIS49377.2020.9194824.
keywords: {Telemetry;Wireless mesh networks;Wireless communication;Aircraft;Monitoring;Real-time systems;Mesh networks;flight test;telemetry;network;MESH net},