Part 2 - Design.docx
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Striving Educational Efforts
College Informative Application for High School Students
Part 2: Design
Striving Educational Efforts
Abstract
The process of applying to universities can be stressful for many students. There is a
period of confusion and stress when students must choose which institution they are interested in
attending. This is due to a lack of information and lack of opportunity to communicate with
current students of the institution they wish to attend. Although it is possible to take a tour of the
institution, there is little to no communication before visiting the institution. As a team, we strive
to create a less stressful and more enjoyable environment for students seeking higher education.
An application such as this can serve as a one-stop location for students who wish to continue
their education, but do not know where to begin. Through this application, students can keep in
touch with those who are currently enrolled in a university as well as their teachers. With the
help of this application, students and teachers of existing institutions can come together to
provide a welcoming environment for newcomers interested in enrolling at their schools. The
application provides a one-stop solution because not only will the user be able to communicate
with those already enrolled, but they will also be able to see every university in one place and
broaden their options. We intend this application to be a fun place where students do not feel
stressed and can have access to additional information about higher education.
Striving Educational Efforts
Introduction
As part of the project, aspiring college students will be the customers. The college
application process can be overwhelming to high school students, and for that reason, they delay
submitting it until after graduation, or skip it altogether. The apps and websites that currently
exist do not give enough consideration to the student culture of each institution, which can only
be understood and explained by students who are currently enrolled in the institution. Rather
than focusing on numbers and percentages, they present institutions by analyzing numbers and
percentages. As a result, students may enroll in colleges and move into them, only to discover
that they do not like the college environment - which adds to the complexity of the college
experience and may lead to them transferring or dropping out.
This application will not only focus on the statistics and percentages that define an
institution but will also give students the opportunity to express the culture or "soft
characteristics" that define their school. Applicants will be able to obtain a more comprehensive
picture of the institution and determine whether it is a good fit for their educational objectives by
doing this.
A prospective student will be able to make a more informed decision about where they
would like to attend college. Additionally, the students will be able to access valuable
information regarding the college application process and college readiness.
Challenges
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Striving Educational Efforts
· It is expected that the project will be completed within three months. The successful completion
of our project depends on the effective management of time.
· Resources - There are four people working on this project. Our project will utilize every skill
set at our disposal to be successful, even though we do not have many engineers.
· Equipment - It is possible that some team members will not have the proper equipment, but we
will work together to ensure that everyone has access to the right technology and that we assist
one another in providing it.
Tools and Resources
●
JavaScript
●
React Native
●
GitHub Projects
●
Firebase (Google Authentication)
Project Schedule
The purpose of this section is to describe the project flow throughout the entire
development process. This section will incorporate user stories to guide our development process
and provide an understanding of how each user will utilize the application. There will be sprint
periods assigned to each user story with specific dates as to when these user stories will be
completed as well as a burndown chart showing the application's progress.
User Story Backlog
Striving Educational Efforts
It is anticipated that changes will be made throughout the development of this application
as it progresses. The agile methodology provides us with the flexibility to handle these types of
changes, and as user stories are developed, the way each of these features will be implemented in
the system may change.
User: Student
Goal
Reason
Acceptance Criterion
As a student user, I should be
able to register myself as a
student
So that I will be able to have
a student account.
●
Let us say when I
click on the register, I
should be able to
create an account.
●
If there is an error
when registering, an
error message should
appear.
As a student user, I want to
be able to input my username
and password in the login
page
So that I will be able to view
my dashboard.
●
When I enter my
information and click
login, I should be
directed to the
dashboard.
●
If my login
information is wrong
Striving Educational Efforts
an error message
should appear.
As a student user, I want to
search for institutions in the
search bar.
As a result, I will be able to
view information about these
institutions.
●
When I click the
search bar, I should be
able to type in an
institution and be
directed to their page.
●
If an institution does
not exist, I should see
an error message.
[Text Wrapping Break]
As a student user, I should be
able to log out of my account.
As a result, I will no longer
be logged in and my
information will be safe.
●
When I click login, I
should be directed
back to the home
page.
As a student user, I should be
able to filter by category
As a result, I will be able to
view the right institutions.
●
When I click the filter,
it should be saved.
●
When I click filter and
search it should
search only for what I
filtered.
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Striving Educational Efforts
As a student user, I should be
able to post a comment when
clicking on the institution.
As a result, my comment will
be posted, and teachers can
view it.
●
When I type my
comment and click
post, it should post as
my name.
●
If my comment does
not post, I should
expect an error
message.
As a student user, I should be
able to give ratings when
clicking on institutions.
As a result, my rating will be
posted, and others will be
able to see my rating.
●
When I click ratings, I
should be able to rate
the institution.
●
My rating should
automatically be
shown.
●
If my rating does not
post, I should get an
error message.
User: Teacher
Goal
Reason
Acceptance Criterion
Striving Educational Efforts
As a teacher user, I should be
able to log in with my
information.
So that I will be able to have
an account.
●
Let us say when I
click on the register, I
should be able to
create an account.
●
If there is an error
when registering, an
error message should
appear.
As a teacher user, I should be
able to register when I click
register as a teacher
So that I will be able to have
an account as a teacher.
●
Let us say when I
click on the register, I
should be able to
create an account.
●
If there is an error
when registering, an
error message should
appear.
●
When registering, I
should provide my
institution access code
to be assigned to it.
●
If register or access
code is wrong, an
Striving Educational Efforts
error message should
appear
As a teacher user, I should be
able to search for institutions
when I click on the search bar
As a result, I will be able to
view other institutions
●
When clicking the
search bar and typing
my institution I
should be directed to
that institution.
●
I should be able to
have direct access to
my institution next to
the search bar.
As a teacher user, I should be
able to click on my institution
As a result, I will be able to
view comments and ratings
from students
●
When clicking my
institution, I should be
directed to a panel
where I can see all
comments and
feedback from
students.
●
If the institution does
not appear, an error
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message should
appear.
As a teacher user, I should be
able to click log out
As a result, I will be safely
logged out of my account and
directed back to the
homepage.
●
When I click log out, I
should be logged out
of my account.
●
If clicking logout does
not log out, an error
message should
appear.
As a teacher user, I should be
able to flag a comment or
post
As a result, this comment or
post can be reviewed by an
admin
●
When clicking the
flag button, a success
message should
appear.
●
My flag should be
resolved within 2
days.
As a teacher user, I should be
able to click request
institution
As a result, I should be able
to input details of an
institution and submit for it to
be approved.
●
Click request
institution will direct
me to a form to fill.
Striving Educational Efforts
●
Clicking submit will
prompt a successful
message.
User: Admin
Goal
Reason
Acceptance Criterion
As an admin user, I should be
able to login
As a result, I should be
logged in and directed to the
admin panel.
●
When clicking login
and entering my
information, I should
be directed to the
admin panel.
●
If there is an error
when logging in, an
error message should
appear.
As an admin user, I should be
able to click flag button
As a result, I will see all flags
that teachers have submitted
●
When clicking the
flag button, all flags
should appear.
●
I should be able to
resolve any flags.
Striving Educational Efforts
As an admin user, I should be
able to click delete on a flag
As a result, the flag submitted
will be resolved and the
comment deleted.
●
When clicking delete
on the flag, it should
automatically delete
and notify the teacher
that the flag has been
resolved.
As an admin user, I should be
able to click create institution
As a result, a new institution
will be available in our
database for teachers and
students to register for.
●
Clicking create should
prompt a small form
to create an
institution.
●
When finishing, a
success message
should appear.
●
If an institution was
created by a teacher or
student, I should be
able to click accept or
deny.
●
Clicking accept will
create a new
institution.
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●
Clicking deny will
delete request to
create a new
institution.
Sprint Period
Timeframe: 1 week
Iteration #1
: The team continues to work on the functionality of the homepage. Upon completion
of this phase, the team will design and implement the homepage, which will provide direct
access to students, teachers, institutions, and the admin page. The product manager will provide
feedback following the demonstration of the functionality by the team at the end of the iteration.
Timeframe: 2 weeks
Interaction #2
, the homepage is created and all routes to the individual pages are functional. To
ensure that each page has its own proper design and functionality, the team will work on each
page individually. To ensure that each page's functionality is implemented properly, the team will
utilize the user story backlog during this period. The team will demonstrate their own page and
functionality at the end of this iteration, and the product manager will provide feedback.
Timeframe: 1 week
Iteration #3,
The team will present the functionality to the product manager and receive feedback
on iteration #3. Students will be able to log in to the system using their student IDs.
Striving Educational Efforts
Timeframe: 1 week
Iteration #4:
Once the individual user pages have been completed, the team will work together to
finish the institution page, which will provide additional functionality to the users. As soon as the
institution page is completed, it will be presented to the product manager for feedback.
Timeframe: 1 week
Iteration #5,
the team will work on the functionality for logging out for student users. The team
will present the functionality to the product manager for his review.
Timeframe: 1 week
Iteration #6,
the team will develop functionality to enable teachers to login. The team will
present the functionality to the product manager for feedback.
Timeframe: 1 week
Iteration #7,
Team will work on the functionality of logout for teacher users. The team will
present the functionality to the product manager and get feedback.
Timeframe: 1 week
Iteration #8,
Team will work on the functionality of registering for teacher users. The team will
present the functionality to the product manager and get feedback.
Timeframe: 1 week
Iteration #9,
Team will work on the functionality of teacher users being able to review comments
and feedback. Functionality will be presented to the product manager for feedback.
Striving Educational Efforts
Timeframe: 3 weeks
Iteration #10,
Team will work on the functionality of the admin user. The team will show
functionality to the product manager and receive feedback.
User Story Allocation
The process was determined by the functionality that is related to another user story. In
the case of the admin panel, for example, it seems essential, but that user story cannot be
developed until the project is completed, as we must make sure that a functional flag is available
for the teacher user first so that the administrator has the option of reviewing the flag. Before
creating the teacher's flag functionality, student feedback must be available. Depending on the
relationship between each functionality, each iteration is allocated differently.
Burndown Chart
Using the burndown chart, we can visualize how our team is progressing with their user
stories. This graph does not just illustrate a single progression, but rather an indication of how
hard the team is working in terms of effort and the amount of work delivered through each
interaction. A chart is generated based on the user story data such as sprints as to when we
anticipate finishing the task, and based on this data, we will generate a burndown chart indicating
the progress of the project.
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Striving Educational Efforts
Our Team
Name / Role
Responsibilities
Role: Project manager, Developer.
It is my responsibility as a product manager to
review each iteration, provide feedback on each
functionality, and assist my team in developing
them.
Striving Educational Efforts
Role - Developer, UI/UX
While working on those iterations, I am
responsible for assisting my team in developing
the student and teacher profiles.
Developer
Among my responsibilities in this team is to assist
in the development of the universities page, which
will be integral to the development of user stories.
Technical Writer
It will be my responsibility to help with the
documentation.
Design
Defining Design
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●
Define design //using scholarly literature to support your definition; following APA citation –
Anne
There are several ways that design can be defined. In software engineering, design can
refer to system design or object design. They may sound similar however they have different
objectives. System design refers to the process in which the project is defined, and the entire
system is broken up into segments for multiple teams to work on.
Object design refers to the
Bruegge, B., Dutoit, A. (2010).
Object-Oriented Software Engineering Using UML,
Patterns, and Java.
Prentice Hall.
Ralph, P., Wand, Y. (2009). A Proposal for a Formal Definition of the Design Concept.
In: Lyytinen, K., Loucopoulos, P., Mylopoulos, J., Robinson, B. (eds)
Design Requirements
Engineering: A Ten-Year Perspective. Lecture Notes in Business Information Processing, vol 14.
Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg.
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-92966-6_6
Design process
The design process began with an idea to create an application that would create a more positive
and welcoming environment for individuals who are interested in pursuing higher education at
an institution. The idea was developed by each team member because of his or her previous
experience with applying to universities and how the process was conducted. Despite having the
opportunity to speak with university advisors, there was little prior interaction with how current
Striving Educational Efforts
enrolled students felt about the university. It was evident to many of us that an application like
Rate My Professor exists, but this application is primarily designed for students currently
enrolled in university courses. Based on our findings, we decided to create a one-stop application
that allows users to search for any university in their area as well as create a one-stop application
for any university in their preferred location. The goal of this one-stop application is to provide
the optimistic user with access to university information and the ability to learn more about the
current experience of other students and faculty members. It was essential that we first selected
the correct technologies so that we could turn this idea into a reality before we could consider
how the structure and user interface would be. By understanding what technologies will be used
for this application, we were able to begin developing ideas and features we would like to
implement and determine whether these technologies can do so. With the appropriate
technologies selected, the team moved on to designing the user interface, user experience, and
most importantly the project's system architecture.
We reverted back to the application process when we applied to universities to enhance our user
experience. As a result, we began our design process for the user interface with what we would
have liked to see. The user interface of the application should be as simple and straightforward as
possible, with the least amount of unnecessary information and consistent routing to make
navigation easier for the user. During the development of our application, our team focuses on
how our application will be able to deliver the create, write, update, and delete operations. User
profiles, university profiles, and even the administrative dashboard would require CRUD
operations. Although the design process continues to evolve, our team decided to use React as
our framework and Firebase as our backend to ensure a seamless experience. There are four
Striving Educational Efforts
different diagrams that represent our design. A use case, activity, class, and sequence diagram
provide a structure for the entire application.
●
Demonstrate the design graphically-
Example - Software Design Document Figure 1.5/
3.3.4/4.2.1
UML Diagrams
Use case Diagrams
The Use Case Diagram is helpful for identifying system-user interactions.
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Activity Diagrams
Activity Diagrams are used to describe the behavior of the system.
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Class Diagrams
The Class Diagram provides a visual structure of the system including their classes and entity
relationships.
Sequence diagrams
The Sequence Diagrams summarizes the object interactions in sequential order.
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Rationale Management
The issues that were addressed
For our design, we wanted to keep the application simple and easy to navigate for the
user while providing the privacy of a personal account. We also wanted the users to be able to
read about the different institutions and be able to write, delete, and read comments made by
other users.
We addressed the issue of organizing the information that will be posted in the
application by the users. Since the users will be able to share their experiences in their institution,
the display of these comments had to be organized so that the students aspiring to enroll in an
institution would find it useful.
We also needed to utilize a database that would manage the information of the users and
allow developers to work with the user’s inputs such as comments and pictures.
Alternatives Considered
For our database, we considered using MongoDB. We also considered building an
application where users did not have to log in and could just browse through the pages and read
other users’ comments without having to sign up.
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Similarly, we considered displaying the user’s comments on the universities pages
together so that it would be simpler for the user to read and write comments without having to
choose a category such as Academics, Culture, or Housing.
Decisions Made
We opted for a home page that would be informational, a dashboard where users would
be able to look up and save their favorite universities, and a profile page where they could update
their accounts as needed.
We also decided to use Firebase as our database for its simple installation to our
application. Moreover, since the nuance of our application is the ability to comment on
institutions and read the comments of other students, we decided that it would be best to require
users to sign in so that the system administrator would have the option to enforce accountability
if a comment is reported and the user that uploaded it must be flagged.
Criteria Used
There were several criteria used to guide (design) decisions. Some of them were:
●
Functionality
: The system should fulfill the user's or client's functional needs. The
design should be capable of managing all necessary tasks and procedures in an effective
and efficient way.
●
Performance
: The projected load and usage patterns should be supported by the system
within reasonable response time constraints.
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●
Scalability
: Throughout time, user load and usage patterns should be able to increase
without the design needing a significant overhaul or redesign.
●
Security
: To prevent unwanted access and data breaches, the design should include the
necessary security safeguards.
●
Maintainability
: The design should have well-structured, well-documented code that is
simple to adapt and maintain.
●
Usability
: An easy-to-use user interface and intuitive design are essential.
●
Compatibility
: The design must work with the required hardware, software, and
operating systems.
●
Portability
: The design should be portable to various platforms, operating systems, and
environments.
●
Testability
: All components should be tested thoroughly and successfully as part of the
design process.
●
Cost-effectiveness
: Given the project's budget and resource constraints, the design
should be economical.
These criteria helped to ensure that the software design is functional, efficient, secure,
and maintainable, while also meeting the needs of the user or client and being compatible with
the required platforms and tools.
Developer Debates
There were several debates that developers went through when making design decisions.
Some of the common debates were as follows:
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●
Trade-offs
: The trade-offs of various design options were discussed by
developers. We discussed trade-offs such as those between usability and security
or between performance and maintainability, for instance.
●
Best practices
: The optimal methods for achieving a specific feature or function
were a topic of discussion among developers. We debated the advantages of
various coding techniques, design patterns, and architectural decisions.
●
Requirements
: Developers argued on how to interpret and implement user or
client requirements. The best technique to fulfill a specific criterion was
considered, as well as whether it was possible.
●
Technologies
: Developers debated over the merits of various technologies or
implementation methods for a specific feature or function. We talked about the
benefits and drawbacks of utilizing a specific framework, database, or
programming language.
●
Constraints
: The project's limitations in terms of time and resources were a topic
of discussion. The developers discussed if it was possible to achieve specific
requirements within the limitations.
●
User experience
: The user experience of a specific design decision was a topic of
discussion among developers. We talked about the system's usability,
accessibility, and prospective effects on user satisfaction.
These debates were important because they helped us ensure that the design decisions
made are well-informed and well-justified. By weighing the trade-offs, discussing best practices,
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interpreting requirements, considering technologies and constraints, and focusing on user
experience, developers arrived at the best possible design decision.
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