Non-Residential Building Group Assignment

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Non-Residential Building Group Assignment - Nick Magnisalis (19690054) - Elisha

1 Executive Summary .......................................................................................................... 2 2 Introduction ....................................................................................................................... 3 3 Construction Proposal – Primary .................................................................................... 4 3.1 Wall Systems (Elisha) .................................................................................................. 4 3.2 Roofing Systems (Nick Magnisalis 19690054) ........................................................... 4 3.2.1 Main and Mezzanine roof .................................................................................... 4 3.2.2 Over Awning/Pergola ........................................................................................... 5 3.3 Fit-out (Nick Magnisalis 19690054) ........................................................................... 7 3.3.1 Fitout – interior walls ........................................................................................... 7 3.3.2 Fitout - interior cellings ........................................................................................ 8 3.3.3 Fitout and finishes- mezzanine ............................................................................. 8 3.3.4 Floor finishes ........................................................................................................ 9 3.3.5 Skirting ................................................................................................................. 9 3.4 Project Delivery Method (Elisha) .............................................................................. 10 4 Conclusions ...................................................................................................................... 12 5 Reference ......................................................................................................................... 13 6 Appendices ....................................................................................................................... 14 Group number 2 Page 1 of 16

1 Executive Summary An executive summary is a brief overview of the report. This is designed to provide readers a quick preview of all the principal points of the report without having to read every section of it in full. Group number 2 Page 2 of 16

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2 Introduction The construction of industrial warehouses stands as a critical aspect of modern infrastructure development, catering to the ever-expanding needs of commerce, logistics, and manufacturing sectors. Albury, located in the heart of Australia's vibrant business landscape, has witnessed a growing demand for warehouse facilities to support its thriving economy. This report delves into the intricacies of constructing a warehouse facility in Albury, with a comprehensive exploration of key elements including wall systems, roof systems, internal finishes, and the project delivery method. Warehouses are not just structures; they are dynamic spaces that require careful planning and execution to meet the diverse functional and operational requirements of businesses. The choice of construction materials and systems plays a pivotal role in determining the warehouse's durability, energy efficiency, and suitability for the intended purpose. Wall systems, roof systems, and internal finishes are integral components that impact the warehouse's performance, aesthetics, and overall functionality. Moreover, the choice of project delivery method can significantly influence the project's timeline, cost, and quality. Albury's unique geographical and economic characteristics may necessitate a tailored approach to project delivery. Therefore, this report not only examines the technical aspects of warehouse construction but also evaluates project delivery methods to ensure a successful and cost-effective outcome. Throughout this report, we will analyze the specific considerations, challenges, and opportunities associated with each component of warehouse construction. By doing so, we aim to provide valuable insights to stakeholders involved in the planning, design, and execution of warehouse projects in Albury, ultimately contributing to the growth and sustainability of this thriving regional economy. In the following sections, we will delve into the details of wall systems, roof systems, internal finishes, and project delivery methods, highlighting best practices, industry standards, and case studies that can serve as a guide for informed decision-making in the construction of warehouses in Albury, Australia. Group number 2 Page 3 of 16

3 Construction Proposal – Primary 3.1 Wall Systems (Elisha) 3.3.1. Walls of Building A,B,C,D 3.3.2. Walls of mezzanine 3.3.3. Parapet walls 3.2 Roofing Systems (Nick Magnisalis 19690054) 3.2.1 Main and Mezzanine roof Enhancing Structural Integrity and Energy Efficiency: Roofing systems are not merely protective coverings; they serve as integral components of a building's structural integrity. For this project, covering an expansive area of approximately 2150 square meters, meticulous material selection and strict adherence to relevant Australian Standards are paramount. The roof design for the proposed development entails a pitch of 1.0%, oriented towards the south-west, as detailed in the roof plan. The choice of roofing material for this project has been a well-considered decision, taking into account the project's unique requirements. Both the mezzanine and main buildings will be outfitted with Stramit Speed Deck roofing. This choice is underpinned by the multitude of advantages offered by this roofing material. Stramit Speed Deck can comfortably accommodate roof pitches as low as 1 degree, aligning perfectly with the needs of this development, where the roof pitches for the main and mezzanine structures are set at 1 degree. Notably, Stramit Speed Deck roofing sheets exhibit exceptional resilience against wind and load stresses, coupled with a high capacity to manage water runoff, attributes crucial for a project with this specific roof pitch. Furthermore, the ease of assembly associated with this material translates into savings in construction time and costs associated with the roofing system. As per the Stramit Speed Deck specification sheet, the roofing material will consist of 0.42mm decking in continuous lengths, featuring trapezoidal ribs measuring 43mm in height, spaced at 223mm intervals. The sheeting material will comprise protected steel sheets adhering to the Australian Standard AS1397, boasting a minimum yield stress of 550MPa and coated with AM100/AZ150. Sheet attachment to purlins or girts will follow the guidelines of the Australian Standard AS3566, with fastening screws conforming to AS3566 - Class 3. Connecting clips to purlins will necessitate the use of 1.5bmt or greater 12 x 30 mm hex head self-drilling and threading screws for steel structures, or 12 x 50 mm hex head type 17 self- drilling screws for timber structures. The Australian Standard AS 1562.1, governing the design and installation of sheet roof and wall cladding metal, assumes critical importance in the context of this roofing project. This comprehensive standard encompasses various facets of roofing, including roof coverings, Group number 2 Page 4 of 16

sarking, vapor barriers, roof plumbing, flashings, rooflights, ventilators, and associated accessories and trim. It also mandates the provision of maintenance manuals from roof manufacturers or suppliers, delineating essential maintenance protocols, including access methods, inspections, cleaning procedures, and guidelines for repair and replacement. Compliance requires the submission of two copies in A4 paper format, securely protected within plastic sheet covers. In accordance with the Australian Standard AS 1562.1, the roofing system must demonstrate integrity and waterproofing capabilities tailored to the specific wind loading, snow loading, and rainfall intensity criteria of the local or regional conditions. Stramit Speed Deck roofing sheets are well-suited to meet these demands while adhering to Australian Standards. Rigorous testing will be conducted to ascertain conformity with Australian standards pertaining to roofing sheeting and fastenings, particularly their resistance to concentrated loads and wind-induced stresses. Special attention will be paid to the treatment of sheet ends at ridges and eaves, involving actions such as upturning pans of sheets at roof edges, pre- cutting notched eaves flashings, ensuring sheets project 50mm into gutters, providing purpose-made ridge fillers, and sealing off ribs at the sheet's bottom. It is indispensable for the success of this proposed project that these stringent standards are rigorously upheld for the roofing system. Stramit Speed Deck, the chosen metal sheet roofing material, proves itself an ideal choice due to its resilience against weather conditions and potential bird-related challenges, which are particularly pertinent to a roof with a 1-degree pitch—a unique design rarely encountered in construction. The adherence to the Australian Standard AS 1562.1 is pivotal, ensuring that roofing elements align with Australian Standards and contribute to the project's durability and safety. 3.2.2 Over Awning/Pergola The awnings designated for this proposed development feature a 15-degree roof pitch, all oriented toward the south-east. These awnings, numbering only two within the proposed buildings, necessitate distinct roofing sheets compared to those employed in the main building and mezzanines. Stramit corrugated roof and wall cladding have been chosen for the awnings and pergolas in this proposed project, a selection harmonizing seamlessly with the project's specific requirements. The 15-degree roof pitch finds an ideal match in this material, lauded for its lightweight properties, cost-effectiveness, rapid installation, and an extensive palette of available colors to cater to diverse preferences. As outlined in Stramit's technical information sheet, the roofing for these structures comprises 0.42mm BMT sheets in continuous lengths, featuring sinusoidal ribs measuring 16mm in height and spaced at 76.2mm centers, in compliance with the Australian Standard AS1445. The attachment of these roof sheets to the purlins will involve the use of fixing screws adhering to the Australian Standard AS3566 Class 3. These screws will be employed at every support, with side lap fasteners introduced at mid-span if deemed necessary. It is crucial that the approved side lap faces away from inclement weather conditions to ensure the Group number 2 Page 5 of 16

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sheets' long-term durability. Moreover, a minimum projection of 50mm into gutters will be provided to facilitate effective water drainage. Similar to the main roofing system, comprehensive tests will be conducted on the over awning/pergola roofing to ascertain compliance with Australian standards, particularly with regard to resistance against concentrated loads and wind-induced stresses. Special care will be devoted to treating the ends of sheets at ridges and eaves, encompassing actions such as upturning pans of sheets at roof edges, pre-cutting notched eaves flashings, ensuring sheets project 50mm into gutters, providing purpose-made ridge fillers, and sealing off ribs at the sheet's bottom. In conclusion, the chosen Stramit corrugated roof and wall cladding material for the over awning/pergola roofing embodies a judicious decision that seamlessly aligns with the project's distinct conditions and requisites. Its compatibility with the 15-degree roof pitch, combined with its lightweight yet durable properties, renders it an optimal choice for these structures. Both in the main and mezzanine roof section and the over awning/pergola segment of this project, unwavering commitment to adherence to Australian Standards and the selection of roofing materials tailored to the project's unique demands is palpable. These considerations are pivotal in ensuring the structural integrity, safety, and durability of the roofing systems, thereby making substantial contributions to the overall success of the proposed development in Albury. Significance of Roofing Systems in Construction Projects: Now, let's delve into the broader significance of roofing systems in construction projects, shedding light on their multifaceted role and impact: 1. Structural Integrity and Safety: Roofing systems are integral components of a building's structure, providing stability and protection against external elements. They must be designed and constructed to withstand various loads, including wind, snow 2 . Energy Efficiency and Sustainability: Modern roofing materials are designed not only for protection but also for energy efficiency. A well-insulated roofing system can help regulate indoor temperatures, reducing the need for excessive heating or cooling. This not only enhances comfort but also leads to energy savings and a smaller carbon footprint. Additionally, some roofing materials are recyclable, contributing to sustainability in construction. 3. Aesthetics and Architectural Harmony: Roofing systems play a significant role in the visual appeal and architectural harmony of a building. Different roofing materials, colors, and profiles allow architects and builders to Group number 2 Page 6 of 16

create unique and aesthetically pleasing designs that complement the overall style of a project. The choice of roofing material can greatly influence the curb appeal of a building and its integration into the surrounding environment. 4. Cost Savings and Longevity: Investing in high-quality roofing materials can lead to substantial cost savings over the life of a building. Durable roofing materials require fewer repairs and replacements, reducing maintenance costs. Additionally, a longer lifespan means less construction waste and a reduced environmental impact. It's essential to consider the life cycle cost of roofing materials when making choices for a construction project. 5. Weather Resistance and Durability: Roofing systems are the first line of defense against weather elements such as rain, snow, hail, and UV radiation. Choosing materials that can withstand these elements is crucial for long-term durability. The ability of a roofing system to resist moisture infiltration and damage from weather conditions is essential for maintaining the integrity of the building envelope. 6. Compliance with Standards and Safety Protocols: Adhering to industry standards and safety protocols is non-negotiable when it comes to roofing systems. Standards like the Australian Standard AS 1562.1 provide guidelines for the design and installation of roofing materials, ensuring that they meet safety and performance requirements. Compliance not only ensures the safety of occupants but also helps avoid legal and regulatory issues. In conclusion, roofing systems are integral to construction projects, encompassing structural, functional, aesthetic, and environmental considerations. The meticulous selection of roofing materials, adherence to industry standards, and rigorous testing are essential for the success, safety, and sustainability of any construction endeavor. Whether it's a 1-degree pitched roof or a 15-degree awning, the roofing system's role in the overall success of the project cannot be overstated. 3.3 Fit-out (Nick Magnisalis 19690054) 3.3.1 Fitout – interior walls Fitout encompasses the process of preparing interior spaces for occupancy by employing a variety of finishes, products, and materials. Within these interior spaces, walls serve the primary function of dividing areas into rooms or sections. These walls can be categorized as either non-load bearing or load bearing. The construction of wall systems involves the use of materials such as clay or concrete for bricks and concrete for blocks. The key distinction between the two lies in the size of the block or brick (Home Building & Renovating, 2021). Group number 2 Page 7 of 16

In the context of this project, non-load bearing walls will be constructed using a combination of cement, scoria, and fly ash. This choice is driven by the fire resistance advantages offered by this composition. Fire resistance is a critical consideration in commercial buildings due to the heightened risk of machine-related explosions or fire incidents within the premises. 3.3.2 Fitout - interior cellings Ceilings are integral components of any commercial space. Their construction must meet stringent standards, ensuring both durability and safety. AS 1562 sets out essential guidelines for preformed sheets used in unique steel roofing systems. These sheets must be painted beforehand and constructed from organic materials, adhering to AS 2728. The importance of rigorous testing cannot be overstated. It is necessary to demonstrate the capacity of roof sheeting and fastenings to withstand focused pressures, loads, and wind forces, aligning with AS 1562. Additionally, in regions prone to tropical cyclones (areas C and D), compliance with AS 1170.2, clause 2.6 or 3.6, becomes imperative. This compliance ensures that the finishing and roof covering can withstand the extreme weather conditions typical of these areas. Rigorous testing and meticulous documentation should be provided to substantiate adherence to these standards. These regulations collectively create a robust framework for ceiling construction in commercial spaces, ensuring safety and structural integrity. 3.3.3 Fitout and finishes- mezzanine Mezzanines serve various purposes in commercial spaces, including machine levels, warehousing services, and manufacturing areas. Among the different materials available for mezzanine construction, steel stands out for its durability and versatility. When designing steel mezzanines, it is vital to consider their ability to stand independently and their fastener construction, which allows for straightforward installation within existing structures. Safety is paramount in mezzanine design. To prevent falls, handrails must be meticulously installed, following the guidelines of the Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) and International Building Code (IBC). Specifically, commercial mezzanines must adhere to OSHA Section 1910.29 guidelines for accident protection devices and falling object prevention. This entails the incorporation of toeboards with a minimum height of 3.5 inches for guardrails that are at least 42 inches high. The integration of safety measures is not only a legal requirement but also a moral obligation to protect the well-being of those working within commercial spaces. It is crucial to recognize that mezzanines are not just structural additions; they are spaces where individuals perform their duties and should feel secure at all times. Group number 2 Page 8 of 16

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3.3.4 Floor finishes Floor finishes play a pivotal role in the overall functionality and aesthetics of commercial spaces. In this project, the chosen floor finish is matte tiling, aligned with Australian requirements and standards. Matte tiles offer distinct advantages, particularly their superior friction properties that render them non-slippery. This feature makes them ideal for areas exposed to moisture, such as warehouses. Furthermore, tiles with a matte finish possess the ability to conceal scuffs and stains effectively. This characteristic reduces the necessity for frequent and extensive cleaning, which is particularly valuable in high-traffic commercial spaces. During the installation process, precision is paramount. Tiles must be cut precisely to fit around fillers, connections, and corners. The use of horizontal connections and level placements in areas where falls are not required contributes to a seamless and visually appealing outcome. Before installing tiles, it is essential to allow the base to settle and contract adequately. The duration of this settling period varies depending on the substrate material. Concrete slabs require a minimum of 21 days, while blockwork necessitates 13 days. For toppings and finishing on masonry walls, an additional two weeks should be added to the settling time. This meticulous approach to tile installation ensures the long-term durability and stability of the floor finish. Maintaining consistent alignment and precise installation is vital for creating a seamless and visually pleasing floor finish. Attention to detail during installation guarantees not only aesthetic appeal but also safety, as uneven tiles can pose tripping hazards in a commercial setting. 3.3.5 Skirting Skirting boards and architraves may not always be the primary focus during the planning of a new construction or renovation project, but they significantly influence the overall architectural style and visual appeal of a space. The selection of skirting and its execution should not be underestimated. In the context of this project, skirting installation is one of the final stages of the finishing touches. It is primarily focused on the office area and the main entrance receptionist area. The decision to opt for white skirting aligns with the overall white interior of the building, creating a cohesive and harmonious design. Due to the limited area requiring skirting, the installation can be efficiently completed in a single day. Skirting, often considered a minor detail, plays a vital role in seamlessly connecting walls and floors. It not only enhances the aesthetics of a space but also serves practical purposes, such as concealing gaps and providing protection to walls from everyday wear and tear. The choice of skirting color and style should harmonize with the overall design concept, contributing to the cohesive and visually appealing atmosphere of the commercial space. Group number 2 Page 9 of 16

In conclusion, interior fitout and finishes are not mere afterthoughts in commercial construction; they are critical components that contribute to the functionality, safety, and aesthetics of a workspace. Ceilings, mezzanines, floor finishes, and skirting are integral elements that demand meticulous planning and adherence to Australian standards and regulations. By paying close attention to these details and ensuring compliance, commercial construction projects can achieve not only visual excellence but also a safe and functional environment for occupants. 3.4 Project Delivery Method (Elisha) Group number 2 Page 10 of 16

Group number 2 Page 11 of 16

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4 Conclusions Group number 2 Page 12 of 16

5 Reference - "Stramit® Corrugated Roof and Wall Cladding" 2021< https://www.stramit.com.au/products/roofing-and-wall-cladding/stramit- corrugated-roof-and-wall-cladding/ >. - "Stramit Speed Deck Ultra® Concealed Fixed Decking" 2021<https://www.stramit.com.au/products/roofing-and-wall-cladding/stramit- speed-deck-ultra-concealed-fixed-decking/>. - AMA, 2021. How to Decrease the Environmental Impact on Construction Sites - AMA Projects . [online] AMA Projects. Available at: <https://amaprojects.com.au/news/how-to-decrease-the-environmental-impact-on- construction-sites/> - Home Building & Renovating, 2021. Internal Walls: Stud or Solid? . [online] Homebuilding & Renovating. Available at: <https://www.homebuilding.co.uk/advice/internal-walls-stud-or-solid> Group number 2 Page 13 of 16