Hall Research Analysis- Week 2_ EDAD 6954 (1)
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Feb 20, 2024
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Research Analysis for Chapters 4-5
Ashley Hall
Department of Educational Administration, Youngstown State University
EDAD 6954: Community Engagement
Dr. Jeffords
January 18, 2023
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Research Analysis for Chapters 4-5
Throughout chapters 4-5 a multitude of topics and concepts were introduced regarding
marketing as it related to the school community. The one topic that I was interested in from the
two chapters that enhanced my learning was the topic of plans of organization. This topic was
interesting to me because of my lack of prior knowledge about the different plans of organization
that are used to signify who is responsible for community relations activities and facilitating the
program operations for the school community. Throughout Chapter 5 I learned more about the
different plans of organization, the definition behind what each one is, who is involved in each
plan, and how the responsibilities of everyone involved are throughout each plan.
In the beginning of chapter 5 the three different plans of organization were introduced
and the reasoning behind why they exist were mentioned.. Moore et. al (2020) then proceeded to
introduce the centralized plan by stating, “A centralized plan is one in which responsibility for
the program is centered almost entirely in the chief administrative officer and his or her
immediate line and staff associates. Those who support this plan of organization point out that
the superintendent is the person best known to the people of the community and is looked to for
leadership in matters affecting the welfare of children. Superintendents are expected to supply
information on the conditions, needs, and practices of the schools”(p.64). After reading about the
description of this plan I felt that my current district uses this plan since the superintendent
makes most of the decisions and essentially is the head of the marketing of the district.
While a centralized plan can have its negative effects due to the head administrators
having all control, and many say they are not in touch with the schools there are still positives
behind the plan. In the article Centralized vs. Decentralized (2023) the reason to centralize was
mentioned, “Centralizing implementation through the central office can enable faster and clearer
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alignment around the purpose and goals of the reform throughout the system. It can also make it
easier to develop and communicate a unified definition of blended or personalized
learning”(para.5). As a marketing strategy, using the centralized plan is a good choice because it
provides the community with information about the goals of the districts, events, and it shows
other community members and stakeholders how involved head administrators are . Moore et
al.(2020) mentioned some of the duties of the district head administrator by stating, “He or she
may give talks before many groups, join different organizations, participate in community
affairs, supply news copy, prepare printed materials, and handle complaints received in the
system”(p.64).
The next part of the plans of the organization topic that I gained new information about
was the decentralized plan. Moore et al.(2020) described the decentralized plan as,
“Responsibility for the program is centered almost entirely in the building principal and the
individual school is regarded as the natural unit for community relations”(p.65). This specific
plan puts more emphasis on the building administrators providing information to the school
community, bridging relationships with families, and leading activities. Even though the negative
aspects of this plan is that the head administrators of the district like the superintendents may not
be as involved with the community and the schools it does increase the relationship between the
administrators and the families, and helps increase the community involvement around the
school. Moore et al.(2020) mentioned a positive behind this plan by writing, “Through the
principal’s efforts, the building can become a community center of activities carried on for the
improvement of community living”(p.65).
Through additional research it seems that in a decentralized plan the teachers and other
paraprofessionals have more of a voice in the school then in a centralized plan. Moore et
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al.(2020) mentioned, “Principals can work with the instructional and non instructional staff in
establishing need for the program and conduct in-service training through the everyday situations
that arise in the school”(p.65). When teachers have a stronger voice on decision making in
schools and the administrators in the buildings become more involved, the teachers' behaviors
and work ethics can also improve for the better. Varlamov(2023) mentioned how the teachers'
behaviors change by stating, “
The teachers themselves are different in the decentralized model.
There are no requirements of specific teaching degrees or certifications. Teachers are people who
are passionate about their knowledge and are looking to share it with others. Students can get
feedback more readily than the typical week-long feedback loop that standard educational
institutions are stuck in. Instructors not only provide “Pass” and “Fail” feedback – but explore
ideas further with students to encourage active processing of the concepts”(para.9).
Finally, the last plan of organization that I learned more about from this chapter was the
coordinated plan. Moore et al. defined this plan as, “A coordinated plan is one in which
community relations responsibilities of central administrative officers and building principals are
fitted together into an articulated unit. The work of those at the top is planned to complement and
reinforce that of the principals and their staff. Each knows what is expected of the other”(p.65).
This type of planning seems like the best for marketing the school in a positive way to the
community due to the relationships being built by both the head administrators in the district or
school community and the building administrators. I feel that when everyone works together and
has a voice on decisions the reaction by everyone working in the district is more positive. Moore
et al.(2020) mentioned what a positive outcome could come from the plan, “If the coordinated
plan is organized carefully and the division of responsibilities is understood clearly, it offers an
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excellent opportunity for developing a comprehensive and well-balanced program that should
produce satisfactory results”(p.65).
In conclusion, in order for a coordinated planning program to be successful there are
many strategies that should be used in order for the plan to be successful, and the most important
one is the strategy is having an open line of communication. Bisht (2023) mentioned, “You
should always encourage open communication within schools. Students and parents should be
able to reach teachers easily, and administrators should be accessible to staff and families. A
regular meeting schedule provides dedicated discussion opportunities, such as teacher-parent
conferences”(para.6). In the end, after learning about the three different plans of organization it
seems that the coordinated plan is the best one to use when marketing a school district or school
community to other stakeholders in the community because of the various relationships that are
built amongst all administrators, parents, and students.
Resources
Bisht, A. (2023).
8 essential strategies for coordinated communication in small schools
.
Schoolcues Blog.
https://www.schoolcues.com/blog/8-essential-strategies-for-coordinated-communication-i
n-small-schools/
Centralized vs. decentralized implementation: How do we decide what the district should hold
tight vs.loose?
. Resources & Guidance from The Learning Accelerator. (2023).
https://practices.learningaccelerator.org/problem-of-practice/how-do-we-decide-what-the-
district-should-hold-tight-vs-loose
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Moore, E. H., Bagin, D., & Gallagher, D. R. (2020).The school and community relations (12th
ed.).Upper Saddle River, NJ: Pearson Education, Inc.
Varlamov, S. (2020).
What is Decentralized Education?
Coding Rooms.
https://www.codingrooms.com/blog/decentralized-education
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