Capstone Final

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Kenyatta University *

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PROJECT MA

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Information Systems

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Nov 24, 2024

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docx

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24

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1. System Request Electronics Store Project Sponsor: Karthik Goud Bharamanlapelli Business Need: Generate profits Enhance client service Enhance volume of business Business Requirements: Create a proper electronic retailer. Build customer records for login and billing roduct search engine filtering and add to cart characteristics Implementation of a website security mechanism Online product descriptions, accessibility, costs, and images Email support for internet shoppers Making a delivery agreement with a courier Business Value: It will improve electronic gadget sales It will increase the firm ’s financial performance and generate greater profits. Global consumers and the market A more inventive approach to promoting the company's products A simple and quick way to sell things
It can be utilized as a revenue model by allowing adverts to be displayed. Special Issues and Constraints: The e-commerce project must be completed inside one month of the timeframe. A scope creep results in a loss of the capacity to generate more revenues. Whenever the e-commerce web page is set up and launched, the IT technical team must be able to resolve any outage. 2. Company overview Kathronics is a retail establishment that sells a variety of electronic products. As science progresses, the increase businesses are springing up to provide their clients with the latest products.This Electrical Store sells a wide range of electronic devices, from cellphones to televisions. If you're in the market for a new television or laptop, go to an electronics store in your area. In this article, we'll look at what an electronics store has to offer. The store is primarily a retail store but it also offers other support services to the customers including software and hardware repair and selling of accessories. The business is primarily a sole proprietership and is fully owned by the an individual who is the owner and the manager of all the operations that take place in the organisation of daily basis. The retail shop has employed three sales individual with one of the sales person who also performs the role of a technician when he is not on the sales line. The manager plays the responsibility of inventory and human resource management among other business operational tasks. On the other hand, the sales persons and technician play the role of recording sales and managing the data from cleints 3. Feasibility Analysis This electronic store is a retail establishment that sells a variety of electronic products. As science progresses, the increase businesses are springing up to provide their clients with the latest products. This Electrical Store sells a wide range of electronic devices, from cellphones to televisions. If you're in the market for a new television or laptop, go to an electronics store in your area. In this article, we'll look at what an electronics store has to offer. This store will provide the following services.
1. Electronics, both new and used You can acquire new gadgets from this electronic businesses. Nevertheless, the store may have a section for pre-owned things on occasion. This is ideal if you want to save money on your purchase while still obtaining higher standard items. 2. Go shopping on the internet Many businesses also sell their products online, allowing you to shop for your new gadget from the comfort of your own home. Some sites are accessible 24/7 a day, while others are only accessible within specific time zones. Nonetheless, being able to buy what you need without having to leave your house is advantageous. 3. A warranty extension If you're concerned about your equipment failing, an extended warranty might be the best option. Several electronic retailers provide this choice, which will safeguard any faults or defects that occur after the acquisition. 4. Device accessories Electronics stores will also sell device accessories. You can get anything you need to go with your new purchase! The store is guaranteed to contain just what you're looking for, from chargers to cases. 5. Professional advice Finally, many electronic retailers will employ professionals who are well-versed in all of the items available. They can assist you in coming to a decision and ensuring that you secure the best product for your requirements! This is incredibly beneficial if this is your first time purchasing something similar or if you are unfamiliar with electronics in general. 6. Gift certificates For special occasions such as birthdays or holidays, numerous electronic retailers may sell gift cards. This is a fantastic alternative because you can obtain exactly what they want without having to guess! The store may also run promotions where you can get the card for free if you purchase a given quantity. Economic Feasibility An economic feasibility study informs an organization about the costs associated with a current proposal. If, for example, a company needs a feasibility study on its payment- processing methods, the research might look at cost variables including electronic financing, security procedures, and permissions that apply to both e-commerce and ordinary transactions. The research will offer recommendations for the merits and areas for improvement for both types of transactions based on supportive evidence. Market Feasibility When it comes to opening a new retail store, choosing the correct location is critical to its success. A market feasibility analysis will help you figure out if your selected area is right for
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your company. The market-feasibility research looks around the neighborhood, identifying competitors, lifestyle, buying patterns, and other factors. The information from the market feasibility research is used to determine that whether or not a site can push the economy for the company. Technical Feasibility To store data, every company requires an information system. A technical feasibility study can uncover potential issues and problems that the system may face practically based on the company's needs and objectives before it is developed. The study examines potential practical solutions to guarantee that the system is feasible in accordance with the business efficiency. The analysis concludes with a final conclusion and a list of technical options based on the company's project requirements. 4. Gantt Chart Planning Phase 1.1. System request: Electronics store inventory management system 1.2. Feasibility analysis: The feasibility analysis will show the sustainability of the electronic store inventory management system by considering the details of the different types of operational factors. Subjecting the project to the feasibility will always help provide the information regarding whether they are worth implementing or not. It is also helpful for finding the best way to develop the electronic store at the best price and the reasonable time frame whenever it is economical for the organization. Analysis Phase 2.1. Gantt Chart 1 planning phase Days to complete start date end date 1.1 A system request 5 1/7/2022 1/12/2022 1.2 B feasibility analysis 5 1/12/2022 1/17/2022
2.1 C gantt chart 5 1/17/2022 1/22/2022 2.2 D requirements definitions 3 1/22/2022 1/25/2022 2.3 E data flow diagrams 3 1/25/2022 1/28/2022 2.4 F use cases 5 1/28/2022 2/2/2022 3.1 G acquisition strategy 5 2/2/2022 2/7/2022 3.2 H entity relationship design 6 2/7/2022 2/13/2022 3.3 I prototypes/mockups 7 2/13/2022 2/20/2022 3.4 J input/output design 6 2/20/2022 2/26/2022 3.5 K architecture design 7 2/26/2022 3/5/2022 3.6 L hardware and software specifications 8 3/5/2022 3/13/2022 4.1 M testing 9 3/13/2022 3/22/2022 4.2 N documentation 3 3/22/2022 3/25/2022 4.3 O migration and conversion 2 3/25/2022 3/27/2022
5. Requirements Definition Statement System requirement - the needs of an organization, will drive the electronic store inventory management system. The requirements include details about the elements needed during the development process. Output, input, process, performance, and control are the five requirements. Output The system output will vary depending on the details of what the system analysts need from the system. The developed system will also provide the management with an opportunity to monitor the complete information regarding the inventory from any location and also make it easier to execute the real-time decisions by depending on the available information. The system will also be helpful for the users to manage and also to purchase the items. Input The system will allow the organizational personnel to manage the inventories effectively. The input of the barcodes, serial numbers, and many other IDs can track the details regarding A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O 1/7/2022 1/17/2022 1/27/2022 2/6/2022 2/16/2022 2/26/2022 3/8/2022 3/18/2022 3/28/2022 Gantt Chart
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merchandise. The system will help the organizations identify the selling stock and the stocks which have had fewer sales in the previous months by depending on barcodes. Process System analysts will ultimately manage the inventory process of the system. It will also allow the users to keep track of different types of goods across the business supply chain. The method includes storing and giving signals or altering outdated products or products with lower selling rates. It is also helpful for users to track the good across the business. Performance The inventory management system will go downtime if used continuously or exceeds the limit, so it is essential to use multiple storage or databases. The design should be developed in a certain way to meet the user requirements. The response time should not exceed three seconds and is not guaranteed at the low-speed internet connection. However, the internet facilities in the organizations will always be good, so the response time will never be affected. Control The system is developed with different levels of protection; the user administrator will also securely keep the data. The system will stay automatic, auditing the transactions made by the customer and backup the complete details. The total data is encrypted while being stored in the design, so it will become difficult for the attacker to access sensitive information. 2.2. Data flow diagrams
Use cases The use cases of inventory management system include the super admin entity, super user entity, supplier entity, anonymous user entity. customer description description description customer description description description ID ID Produc t info confirma tion cancellati on payment Purchase info Purchase info Billing info Receipt details Receipt details Product status Name of the product
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3.1. Entity-Relationship Design
6. Acquisition Strategy Alternative Matrix The alternative matrix is a critical tool that is used to compare various alternative for considerations in the when implementing a software ( Fuller, 2018). In this context, there are three options for sourcing the software: outsource, prepackaged, in house. In this case, inhouse alternative was selected primarily because it is custom-made to meet the needs of the company as well as the employees of the company. The Criteria Three categories were considered in the selection criteria for the alternatives. The three criteria include the technical, cost and organization factor for the considerations of the three alternatives ( Langhans, 2018 ). Each of the three criteria has specifications that are critical and relevant to the evaluation of the usefulness of the three options. Technical Under the technical criteria, the analysis of the three options involved comparing the Graphical User Interface (GUI) of the alternatives and the technical knowledge of the employees regarding each of the listed options. The GUI refers to the user interface that allows users to engage with digital equipment like phones and computers by using menus, icons, and other visual cues (graphics). Under this criterion, the three alternatives will be judged based on the presence of GUI and how it contributes to the simplification of used of the software ( Langhans, 2018 ). On the other hand, technical knowledge involves gauging the alternatives based on the technical knowledge that the used require to effectively operate and maintain the software. The weight of GUI is the least, with 10, because GUI does not significantly affect the performance of the organizations.
Economic The economic aspect is the second critical consideration when comparing the available options. There are two criteria under this economic consideration: cost and the maintenance and upgrades. The cost primary considers the initial cost for the acquisition of the products. Cost is a significant factor for the organizations and minimizing the cost by opting for a cheaper alternative could prove to be useful for organizations working on a limited budget ( Neuwerth, 2021). On the other hand, maintenance cost and upgrade are a critical element to consider given that the products could be used for a significantly lengthy period. The weight for cost is the highest with 25 because cost is a priority when deciding between the three options. Organizational The final criteria for the comparison of the alternatives are the organization under which there are two major factors. The first factor is whether it meets the needs of the employees while the second one is whether it will improve the operations of the organizations. Meeting the employee needs is critical to retention and the overall performance of the organizations. For this reason, it is very important to consider a options that will drive employee retentions high ( Fuller, 2018). On the other hand, improving the operations of the organization requires that the option is streamlined with the business process to guarantee efficient flow of activities. The alternative that is designed to meet critical needs of the business is the best solutions for this case. The Rationale for Option Three Based on the alternative matrix, alternative 3 is the best options to consider with a weighted score of 339 while the first and second alternative scored 322 and 195 respectively. Comparing the technical element of the organization. Option 3 scores fairly when compared to the other alternative for both GUI and technical knowledge. This score is fair because most inhouse developed software focus on practicality and functionality with minimal attention given to the user interface. However, this does not imply that inhouse software are not user- friendly. The correct inference would be that in-house software focus on developing software that perform the desired function. On the other hand, the third alternative scored poorly as far as the need for technical knowledge because designing a software from scratch requires a significant level of software development skills ( Fuller, 2018). Furthermore, the developer will be expected to perform thorough examination of the situation in the organization to develop a system that is tailored for the organization. Regarding the cost of developing the software, option 3 is an economically challenging alternative because of the initial acquisition cost. Inhouse software are built from start making them cost significantly higher than other alternatives. However, the cost of maintaining in-house software is less when compared to outsourced software. These costs are higher primarily when considering software that are not open sources ( Langhans, 2018 ). Finally, the strongest point in support of in-house software is that it is tailored to meet the needs of the company as well as the employees. Having a software that meets the need of the company is very critical for employee retention and subsequently, the success of the organizations.
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7. Prototypes/Mockups Sale by Category This page of the company is the dashboard and a summary of the various tools that visually assist in understanding the sales, products, and customers of the company. This page provides information regarding the performance of the sales of the company based on various aspects including according to category, employee sales and time of sales. This page will be crucial for the sales manager. In managing various aspects of the business.
Consumers The consumer page provides information about the consumer who have bought products from the company.
Add Consumer The sale person will enter the sales and the details of the consumer from this page.
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Search Consumer This page allows the salesperson to search for consumers in the companies database. This feature is particularly important for frequent customer since the sales person would not be required to enter the information of the customer repeatedly.
Add Stock This page is used for monitoring the stock movement during the company operations. The sales manager can track products as they are sold from this page. 8. Hardware and Software Specifications Software Requirment Microsoft Dynamics Point of Sales (POS): A complete retail system that offers analytics across the board is Microsoft Dynamics POS. Store operations, channel management, order tracking, promotions, and business analytics are examples of competencies for consumer interaction. The graphical user interface (GUI) is user-friendly and can be configured to match the needs of many different industries, including the food industry, clothing, and retail (Khairunj., n.d.). Hardware Requirment For the business to operate, a variety of hardware kinds, many of which are available in sets. The primary hardware parts of a retail establishment are: Cashwrap: The cabinet or counter in which the POS computer, cash drawer, among other checkout equipment are kept is known as the cashwrap. Some companies (the Apple Shop, for instance) may decide against having a designated cashwrap area and instead provide their personnel with the tools they need to accept payments everywhere in the store.
Touch screen monitor: Management and staff members will use this to login the EPOS system to check in and out, make orders, and generates sales reports. You will require a POS keyboard to access your POS software if it isn't a touch screen. You can utilize an iPad or other tablet as both a touchscreen monitor and an input device with the majority of current POS systems. money box. Cash drawer: You store cash here, secured and safe. Barcode reader: This is necessary for inventory management and order processing. These come in permanent, attached, and mobile varieties. Receipt printer: The retail store provides have digital records, many clients could still prefer a physical copy. An excellent illustration of a small-footprint, simple-to-use portable printer is the Star Micronics S230i. Mechanism for accepting payments using credit card: The most recent technology, such as chip cards, should be supported by a modern system, which should also feature a mag stripe reader for accepting conventional credit cards (EMV cards). Since payment support also provides, Android Pay, Samsung Pay, NFC mobile payments as well as Apple Pay. Back up System: There should exist various alternative backup systems installed in place to ensure data integrity for example: External Online Storage Services External Hard Disk USB Memory Drive 9. Architectural Design This system architecture for this system is an applications tier which is a part of a three-teir design. A three-tier design enables the autonomous maintenance or replacement of any one of the three layers. Any system, whether a desktop computer, iphone, or ipad, may have the user experience deployed as a native application, web software, voice interface, and phone app. It makes use of a typical gui and runs many components on the application server. The db server's rdbms houses the non - volatile system storage logic. Most often, there are many intermediate stages. Three-Tier Architecture's Main Advantage It gives established a lot of flexibility since they may autonomously upgrade or repair only certain components of the program without having an impact on the final result benefit of the entire.By separating the front-end program from the databases that are chosen based on the specific needs of the client, the application can be scaled up and out rather quickly.
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Additionally, a three-tier design gives bsinesses who might wish to use a new technology as soon as it is made accessible a greater degree of adaptability. Presentation Tier It makes up the application's front-end layer and the touch screen that users will engage with firsthand. This layer connects with other tiers by transmitting results to the browser and other tiers in the network via API calls. It is often built on website development platforms like CSS or JavaScript. Application Layer This tier is derived from the presentation tier and is also known as the middle tier, logic tier, business logic, or logic tier. Application Tier It is often programmed in coding languages like Python, Java, C++,.NET, etc., and governs the essential functioning of the application by carrying out intricate processing. Database servers located at the data tier are used to store and retrieve data. Data Teir Applications like MongoDB, Oracle, MySQL, and Microsoft SQL Server are used to maintain and access the data in this layer, which is kept separate from application servers and business logic. The system uses the 3-tier architecture that comprises three different layers of logical computing. The three-tier architecture is divided into customer tier, logic tier, and data tier. Having a 3 tier architecture will make it much easier for the administrators to work on each module separately. It also provides a lot of advantages such as the speed of development, scalability, and others. It will also provide easy access for the workers to process the information easily from remote locations also.
10. Non-functional requirements Operational Requirements Definition Example Technical Special hardware, software, and network requirements imposed by business requirements All office locations have always-on network connection permitting real-time database updates System Integration The extent to which the system will operate with other systems The system will read and write to the main inventory database Portability The extent to which the system will need to operate in other environments The system must operate with mobile devices (Android and iOS) Maintainability Expected business changes to which the system should be able to adapt The system must accommodate new manufacturing plants Performance Requirements Definition Example
Speed Time within which the system must perform its function Network transaction response time <= 4 seconds Capacity Total and peak number of users and the volume of data expected Maximum of 2000 simultaneous users at peak use times Availability and Reliability Extent to which the system will be available to the users and the permissible failure rate due to errors 99% uptime performance Security Requirements Definition Example System Value Estimates Estimated business value of the system and its data A complete loss of all system data would cost $20 million Access Control Limitations on who can access what data Inventory item changes can be made only by managers for items in their own department Encryption and Authentication Defines what data will be encrypted where and whether authentication will be needed for user access Data will be encrypted from the user’s computer to the Web site to provide secure ordering Virus Control Controls to limit viruses All uploaded files will be checked for viruses before being saved in the system Cultural/Political Requirements Definition Example Multilingual The language(s) the system users will need The system will operate in English, French, and Spanish Customization Specification of what aspects of the system can be changed by local users Country managers will be able to define new fields in the product database to capture country-specific information Making Unstated Norms Explicit Explicitly stating assumptions that differ from country to country All weights will be stated in pounds and in kilograms Legal The laws and regulations that impose system requirements Personal customer information cannot be transferred from European Union countries to US
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11. All your Implementation Deliverables Type Of Documentation Proposed Product documentation contains information on the currently under development product as well as directions on whether to carry out numerous operations with it. Specifications, technical information, system behavior, and guides are all common components of product documentation ( Ovaskainen et al. , 2017). This project will primarily focus on produc documentation as the final bits of prepearing from the implementation process. There exist two primary forms of documentation include: System documentation: Documents that explain the systems as a whole and its components are referred to as system documentation. It consists of FAQs, design choices, architectural explanations, and specification papers. User documentation: includes guides that are primarily written for computer programmers and consumer of the application. Tutorials, technical manuals, installation tutorials, maintenance guides, and reference guides are all examples of documented information. This documentation will be available to the users in the organization in an electronic format ( Ovaskainen et al. , 2017). The program designers will prepare the documentation for the project and share the document in the form of PDF to the management of the organization as a downloadable file that is accessible as the users start to install the application Type of Testing Program testing is critical for the successful implementation of this program. This process ensures that the program performs its intended purpose and assist the organization achieve its desired objectives ( Ovaskainen et al. , 2017). For the purpose of testing this application program, I would like to propose five specific testing for this program. Acceptance Testing This test examines whether the program has achieved the desired objective in assisting the consumers to meet the objectives of their tasks ( Eickhoff et al., 2017). In this project, acceptance testing will measure how the application program has assisted the retailers handle data regarding the sales of their products. Functional Testing This tests whether the program performs the task that it was designed to do. In this case, does the program record the information of the customers, record sales, and yield reports in the dashboard which summarizes the sales.
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Interactive Testing This testing is also referred to us manual testing and it allows the developers to perform tests on how the users of the system operate the system. This test is vital for examining through physical interactions and observing how the users perform while using the program. Performance Testing This form of testing examines five key processes which includes the reliability speed, scalability, stability and how the software used the resources. Security Testing To guarantee that the software system as well as application are risk- and threat-free, security assessment reveals the system's weaknesses ( Eickhoff et al., 2017). These tests seek to identify potential computer code faults and vulnerabilities that can result in the loss of data, income, or brand among customers or other third parties. System Changeover Plan The changeover plan for this system will involve a direct change over. As quickly as feasible, the computers are switched, and the developed model immediately succeeds the old one whilst still shutting it down. The main upside to opting for this changeover is that it is cost friendly Type of Training The type of training for the implementation of this software will primarily involve the use of tutorials that have been provided in the documentations. Tutorials are critical parts of the implantation of a computer system, and they play a critical role in providing a more accessible alternative for the end-user ( Eickhoff et al., 2017). Type of Maintenance and Support Given that this is an in-house application, the proposed maintenance and support will be provided by the internal system developer. The users of the system will keep in touch with the developer to provide any help that is needed ( Ovaskainen et al. , 2017). This approach has the benefit of being effective and cost friendly given that the technical support also works for the store.
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12. Works Cited Fuller, A. W. (2018). Toward a perspective on R&D Outsourcing: RBV and firm performance. International Journal of Innovation and Technology Management , 15 (05), 1850040. Langhans, W. (2018, April). Use of commercial services and outsourcing to supply CNS services—An ANSP's perspective. In 2018 Integrated Communications, Navigation, Surveillance Conference (ICNS) (pp. 1-13). IEEE. Neuwerth, K. (2021). Inhouse vs outsourcing digital marketing to B2B customers for a company operating in the industry of oil refining and marketing. Case Company: X. Park, J. (2010). Constructive multiple-choice testing system. British Journal of Educational Technology , 41 (6), 1054-1064. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-8535.2010.01058.x Khairunj. (n.d.). Point of sale . Microsoft Docs. Retrieved July 16, 2022, from https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/dynamicsax-2012/appuser-itpro/point-of-sale Eickhoff, S. B., Laird, A. R., Fox, P. M., Lancaster, J. L., & Fox, P. T. (2017). Implementation errors in the GingerALE Software: description and recommendations (Vol. 38, No. 1, pp. 7-11). Ovaskainen, O., Tikhonov, G., Norberg, A., Guillaume Blanchet, F., Duan, L., Dunson, D., ... & Abrego, N. (2017). How to make more out of community data? A conceptual framework and its implementation as models and software. Ecology letters , 20 (5), 561-576.
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