Capstone Final
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Kenyatta University *
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PROJECT MA
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Information Systems
Date
Nov 24, 2024
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docx
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Uploaded by Jmsomuse
1. System Request
Electronics Store
Project Sponsor:
Karthik Goud Bharamanlapelli
Business Need:
Generate profits
Enhance client service
Enhance volume of business
Business Requirements:
Create a proper electronic retailer.
Build customer records for login and billing
roduct search engine filtering and add to cart characteristics
Implementation of a website security mechanism
Online product descriptions, accessibility, costs, and images
Email support for internet shoppers
Making a delivery agreement with a courier
Business Value:
It will improve electronic gadget sales
It will increase the firm ’s financial performance and generate greater profits.
Global consumers and the market
A more inventive approach to promoting the company's products
A simple and quick way to sell things
It can be utilized as a revenue model by allowing adverts to be displayed.
Special Issues and Constraints:
The e-commerce project must be completed inside one month of the timeframe.
A scope creep results in a loss of the capacity to generate more revenues.
Whenever the e-commerce web page is set up and launched, the IT technical team
must be able to resolve any outage.
2. Company overview
Kathronics is a retail establishment that sells a variety of electronic products. As science
progresses, the increase businesses are springing up to provide their clients with the latest
products.This Electrical Store sells a wide range of electronic devices, from cellphones to
televisions. If you're in the market for a new television or laptop, go to an electronics store in
your area. In this article, we'll look at what an electronics store has to offer. The store is
primarily a retail store but it also offers other support services to the customers including
software and hardware repair and selling of accessories. The business is primarily a sole
proprietership and is fully owned by the an individual who is the owner and the manager of
all the operations that take place in the organisation of daily basis. The retail shop has
employed three sales individual with one of the sales person who also performs the role of a
technician when he is not on the sales line. The manager plays the responsibility of inventory
and human resource management among other business operational tasks. On the other hand,
the sales persons and technician play the role of recording sales and managing the data from
cleints
3. Feasibility Analysis
This electronic store is a retail establishment that sells a variety of electronic products. As
science progresses, the increase businesses are springing up to provide their clients with the
latest products. This Electrical Store sells a wide range of electronic devices, from cellphones
to televisions. If you're in the market for a new television or laptop, go to an electronics store
in your area. In this article, we'll look at what an electronics store has to offer.
This store will provide the following services.
1. Electronics, both new and used
You can acquire new gadgets from this electronic businesses. Nevertheless, the store may have a
section for pre-owned things on occasion. This is ideal if you want to save money on your purchase
while still obtaining higher standard items.
2. Go shopping on the internet
Many businesses also sell their products online, allowing you to shop for your new gadget
from the comfort of your own home. Some sites are accessible 24/7 a day, while others are
only accessible within specific time zones. Nonetheless, being able to buy what you need
without having to leave your house is advantageous.
3. A warranty extension
If you're concerned about your equipment failing, an extended warranty might be the best
option. Several electronic retailers provide this choice, which will safeguard any faults or
defects that occur after the acquisition.
4. Device accessories Electronics stores will also sell device accessories. You can get anything you
need to go with your new purchase! The store is guaranteed to contain just what you're looking for,
from chargers to cases.
5. Professional advice
Finally, many electronic retailers will employ professionals who are well-versed in all of the
items available. They can assist you in coming to a decision and ensuring that you secure the
best product for your requirements! This is incredibly beneficial if this is your first time
purchasing something similar or if you are unfamiliar with electronics in general.
6. Gift certificates
For special occasions such as birthdays or holidays, numerous electronic retailers may sell
gift cards. This is a fantastic alternative because you can obtain exactly what they want
without having to guess! The store may also run promotions where you can get the card for
free if you purchase a given quantity.
Economic Feasibility
An economic feasibility study informs an organization about the costs associated with a
current proposal. If, for example, a company needs a feasibility study on its payment-
processing methods, the research might look at cost variables including electronic financing,
security procedures, and permissions that apply to both e-commerce and ordinary
transactions. The research will offer recommendations for the merits and areas for
improvement for both types of transactions based on supportive evidence.
Market Feasibility
When it comes to opening a new retail store, choosing the correct location is critical to its
success. A market feasibility analysis will help you figure out if your selected area is right for
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your company. The market-feasibility research looks around the neighborhood, identifying
competitors, lifestyle, buying patterns, and other factors. The information from the market
feasibility research is used to determine that whether or not a site can push the economy for
the company.
Technical Feasibility
To store data, every company requires an information system. A technical feasibility study
can uncover potential issues and problems that the system may face practically based on the
company's needs and objectives before it is developed. The study examines potential practical
solutions to guarantee that the system is feasible in accordance with the business efficiency.
The analysis concludes with a final conclusion and a list of technical options based on the
company's project requirements.
4. Gantt Chart
Planning Phase
1.1.
System request:
Electronics store inventory management system
1.2.
Feasibility analysis:
The feasibility analysis will show the sustainability of the electronic store inventory
management system by considering the details of the different types of operational factors.
Subjecting the project to the feasibility will always help provide the information regarding
whether they are worth implementing or not. It is also helpful for finding the best way to
develop the electronic store at the best price and the reasonable time frame whenever it is
economical for the organization.
Analysis Phase
2.1.
Gantt Chart
1
planning phase
Days to
complete
start date
end date
1.1
A
system request
5
1/7/2022
1/12/2022
1.2
B
feasibility analysis
5
1/12/2022
1/17/2022
2.1
C
gantt chart
5
1/17/2022
1/22/2022
2.2
D
requirements definitions
3
1/22/2022
1/25/2022
2.3
E
data flow diagrams
3
1/25/2022
1/28/2022
2.4
F
use cases
5
1/28/2022
2/2/2022
3.1
G
acquisition strategy
5
2/2/2022
2/7/2022
3.2
H
entity relationship design
6
2/7/2022
2/13/2022
3.3
I
prototypes/mockups
7
2/13/2022
2/20/2022
3.4
J
input/output design
6
2/20/2022
2/26/2022
3.5
K
architecture design
7
2/26/2022
3/5/2022
3.6
L
hardware and software
specifications
8
3/5/2022
3/13/2022
4.1
M
testing
9
3/13/2022
3/22/2022
4.2
N
documentation
3
3/22/2022
3/25/2022
4.3
O
migration and conversion
2
3/25/2022
3/27/2022
5. Requirements Definition Statement
System requirement -
the needs of an organization, will drive the electronic store inventory
management system. The requirements include details about the elements needed during the
development process. Output, input, process, performance, and control are the five
requirements.
Output
The system output will vary depending on the details of what the system analysts need from
the system. The developed system will also provide the management with an opportunity to
monitor the complete information regarding the inventory from any location and also make it
easier to execute the real-time decisions by depending on the available information. The
system will also be helpful for the users to manage and also to purchase the items.
Input
The system will allow the organizational personnel to manage the inventories effectively. The
input of the barcodes, serial numbers, and many other IDs can track the details regarding
A
B
C
D
E
F
G
H
I
J
K
L
M
N
O
1/7/2022
1/17/2022
1/27/2022
2/6/2022
2/16/2022
2/26/2022
3/8/2022
3/18/2022
3/28/2022
Gantt Chart
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merchandise. The system will help the organizations identify the selling stock and the stocks
which have had fewer sales in the previous months by depending on barcodes.
Process
System analysts will ultimately manage the inventory process of the system. It will also allow
the users to keep track of different types of goods across the business supply chain. The
method includes storing and giving signals or altering outdated products or products with
lower selling rates. It is also helpful for users to track the good across the business.
Performance
The inventory management system will go downtime if used continuously or exceeds the
limit, so it is essential to use multiple storage or databases. The design should be developed in
a certain way to meet the user requirements. The response time should not exceed three
seconds and is not guaranteed at the low-speed internet connection. However, the internet
facilities in the organizations will always be good, so the response time will never be
affected.
Control
The system is developed with different levels of protection; the user administrator will also
securely keep the data. The system will stay automatic, auditing the transactions made by the
customer and backup the complete details. The total data is encrypted while being stored in
the design, so it will become difficult for the attacker to access sensitive information.
2.2.
Data flow diagrams
Use cases
The use cases of inventory management system include the super admin entity, super user
entity, supplier entity, anonymous user entity.
customer
description
description
description
customer
description
description
description
ID
ID
Produc
t info
confirma
tion
cancellati
on
payment
Purchase
info
Purchase
info
Billing
info
Receipt
details
Receipt
details
Product
status
Name of
the
product
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3.1.
Entity-Relationship Design
6. Acquisition Strategy
Alternative Matrix
The alternative matrix is a critical tool that is used to compare various alternative for
considerations in the when implementing a software
(
Fuller,
2018). In this context, there are
three options for sourcing the software: outsource, prepackaged, in house. In this case,
inhouse alternative was selected primarily because it is custom-made to meet the needs of the
company as well as the employees of the company.
The Criteria
Three categories were considered in the selection criteria for the alternatives. The
three criteria include the technical, cost and organization factor for the considerations of the
three alternatives (
Langhans, 2018
). Each of the three criteria has specifications that are
critical and relevant to the evaluation of the usefulness of the three options.
Technical
Under the technical criteria, the analysis of the three options involved comparing the
Graphical User Interface (GUI) of the alternatives and the technical knowledge of the
employees regarding each of the listed options. The GUI refers to the user interface that
allows users to engage with digital equipment like phones and computers by using menus,
icons, and other visual cues (graphics). Under this criterion, the three alternatives will be
judged based on the presence of GUI and how it contributes to the simplification of used of
the software (
Langhans, 2018
). On the other hand, technical knowledge involves gauging the
alternatives based on the technical knowledge that the used require to effectively operate and
maintain the software. The weight of GUI is the least, with 10, because GUI does not
significantly affect the performance of the organizations.
Economic
The economic aspect is the second critical consideration when comparing the
available options. There are two criteria under this economic consideration: cost and the
maintenance and upgrades. The cost primary considers the initial cost for the acquisition of
the products. Cost is a significant factor for the organizations and minimizing the cost by
opting for a cheaper alternative could prove to be useful for organizations working on a
limited budget (
Neuwerth, 2021). On the other hand, maintenance cost and upgrade are a
critical element to consider given that the products could be used for a significantly lengthy
period. The weight for cost is the highest with 25 because cost is a priority when deciding
between the three options.
Organizational
The final criteria for the comparison of the alternatives are the organization under
which there are two major factors. The first factor is whether it meets the needs of the
employees while the second one is whether it will improve the operations of the
organizations. Meeting the employee needs is critical to retention and the overall performance
of the organizations. For this reason, it is very important to consider a options that will drive
employee retentions high
(
Fuller,
2018). On the other hand, improving the operations of the
organization requires that the option is streamlined with the business process to guarantee
efficient flow of activities. The alternative that is designed to meet critical needs of the
business is the best solutions for this case.
The Rationale for Option Three
Based on the alternative matrix, alternative 3 is the best options to consider with a
weighted score of 339 while the first and second alternative scored 322 and 195 respectively.
Comparing the technical element of the organization. Option 3 scores fairly when compared
to the other alternative for both GUI and technical knowledge. This score is fair because most
inhouse developed software focus on practicality and functionality with minimal attention
given to the user interface. However, this does not imply that inhouse software are not user-
friendly. The correct inference would be that in-house software focus on developing software
that perform the desired function. On the other hand, the third alternative scored poorly as far
as the need for technical knowledge because designing a software from scratch requires a
significant level of software development skills
(
Fuller,
2018). Furthermore, the developer
will be expected to perform thorough examination of the situation in the organization to
develop a system that is tailored for the organization.
Regarding the cost of developing the software, option 3 is an economically
challenging alternative because of the initial acquisition cost. Inhouse software are built from
start making them cost significantly higher than other alternatives. However, the cost of
maintaining in-house software is less when compared to outsourced software. These costs are
higher primarily when considering software that are not open sources (
Langhans, 2018
).
Finally, the strongest point in support of in-house software is that it is tailored to meet the
needs of the company as well as the employees. Having a software that meets the need of the
company is very critical for employee retention and subsequently, the success of the
organizations.
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7. Prototypes/Mockups
Sale by Category
This page of the company is the dashboard and a summary of the various tools that visually
assist in understanding the sales, products, and customers of the company. This page provides
information regarding the performance of the sales of the company based on various aspects
including according to category, employee sales and time of sales. This page will be crucial
for the sales manager. In managing various aspects of the business.
Consumers
The consumer page provides information about the consumer who have bought products from
the company.
Add Consumer
The sale person will enter the sales and the details of the consumer from this page.
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Search Consumer
This page allows the salesperson to search for consumers in the companies database. This
feature is particularly important for frequent customer since the sales person would not be
required to enter the information of the customer repeatedly.
Add Stock
This page is used for monitoring the stock movement during the company operations. The
sales manager can track products as they are sold from this page.
8. Hardware and Software Specifications
Software Requirment
Microsoft Dynamics Point of Sales (POS):
A complete retail system that offers analytics
across the board is Microsoft Dynamics POS. Store operations, channel management, order
tracking, promotions, and business analytics are examples of competencies for consumer
interaction. The graphical user interface (GUI) is user-friendly and can be configured to
match the needs of many different industries, including the food industry, clothing, and retail
(Khairunj., n.d.).
Hardware Requirment
For the business to operate, a variety of hardware kinds, many of which are available in sets.
The primary hardware parts of a retail establishment are:
Cashwrap:
The cabinet or counter in which the POS computer, cash drawer, among other
checkout equipment are kept is known as the cashwrap. Some companies (the Apple Shop,
for instance) may decide against having a designated cashwrap area and instead provide their
personnel with the tools they need to accept payments everywhere in the store.
Touch screen monitor:
Management and staff members will use this to login the EPOS
system to check in and out, make orders, and generates sales reports. You will require a POS
keyboard to access your POS software if it isn't a touch screen. You can utilize an iPad or
other tablet as both a touchscreen monitor and an input device with the majority of current
POS systems.
money box.
Cash drawer:
You store cash here, secured and safe.
Barcode reader: This is necessary for inventory management and order processing. These
come in permanent, attached, and mobile varieties.
Receipt printer:
The retail store provides have digital records, many clients could still
prefer a physical copy. An excellent illustration of a small-footprint, simple-to-use portable
printer is the Star Micronics S230i.
Mechanism for accepting payments using credit card:
The most recent technology, such
as chip cards, should be supported by a modern system, which should also feature a mag
stripe reader for accepting conventional credit cards (EMV cards). Since payment support
also provides, Android Pay, Samsung Pay, NFC mobile payments as well as Apple Pay.
Back up System:
There should exist various alternative backup systems installed in place to
ensure data integrity for example:
External Online Storage Services
External Hard Disk
USB Memory Drive
9. Architectural Design
This system architecture for this system is an applications tier which is a part of a three-teir
design. A three-tier design enables the autonomous maintenance or replacement of any one of
the three layers. Any system, whether a desktop computer, iphone, or ipad, may have the user
experience deployed as a native application, web software, voice interface, and phone app. It
makes use of a typical gui and runs many components on the application server. The db
server's rdbms houses the non - volatile system storage logic. Most often, there are many
intermediate stages.
Three-Tier Architecture's Main Advantage
It gives established a lot of flexibility since they may autonomously upgrade or repair only
certain components of the program without having an impact on the final result benefit of the
entire.By separating the front-end program from the databases that are chosen based on the
specific needs of the client, the application can be scaled up and out rather quickly.
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Additionally, a three-tier design gives bsinesses who might wish to use a new technology as
soon as it is made accessible a greater degree of adaptability.
Presentation Tier
It makes up the application's front-end layer and the touch screen that users will engage with
firsthand.
This layer connects with other tiers by transmitting results to the browser and other tiers in
the network via API calls. It is often built on website development platforms like CSS or
JavaScript. Application Layer This tier is derived from the presentation tier and is also
known as the middle tier, logic tier, business logic, or logic tier.
Application Tier
It is often programmed in coding languages like Python, Java, C++,.NET, etc., and governs
the essential functioning of the application by carrying out intricate processing.
Database servers located at the data tier are used to store and retrieve data.
Data Teir
Applications like MongoDB, Oracle, MySQL, and Microsoft SQL Server are used to
maintain and access the data in this layer, which is kept separate from application servers and
business logic.
The system uses the 3-tier architecture that comprises three different layers of logical
computing. The three-tier architecture is divided into customer tier, logic tier, and data tier.
Having a 3 tier architecture will make it much easier for the administrators to work on each
module separately. It also provides a lot of advantages such as the speed of development,
scalability, and others. It will also provide easy access for the workers to process the
information easily from remote locations also.
10.
Non-functional requirements
Operational Requirements
Definition
Example
Technical
Special hardware, software,
and network requirements
imposed by business
requirements
All office locations
have always-on
network connection
permitting real-time
database updates
System Integration
The extent to which the
system will operate with
other systems
The system will read
and write to the main
inventory database
Portability
The extent to which the
system will need to operate
in other environments
The system must
operate with mobile
devices (Android and
iOS)
Maintainability
Expected business changes
to which the system should
be able to adapt
The system must
accommodate new
manufacturing plants
Performance Requirements
Definition
Example
Speed
Time within which the
system must perform its
function
Network transaction
response time <= 4
seconds
Capacity
Total and peak number of
users and the volume of data
expected
Maximum of
2000
simultaneous users at
peak use times
Availability and Reliability
Extent to which the system
will be available to the users
and the permissible failure
rate due to errors
99% uptime
performance
Security Requirements
Definition
Example
System Value Estimates
Estimated business value of
the system and its data
A complete loss of all
system data would cost
$20 million
Access Control
Limitations on who can
access what data
Inventory item changes
can be made only by
managers for items in
their own department
Encryption and Authentication
Defines what data will be
encrypted where and
whether authentication will
be needed for user access
Data will be encrypted
from the user’s
computer to the Web
site to provide secure
ordering
Virus Control
Controls to limit viruses
All uploaded files will
be checked for viruses
before being saved in
the system
Cultural/Political Requirements
Definition
Example
Multilingual
The language(s) the system
users will need
The system will
operate in English,
French, and Spanish
Customization
Specification of what aspects
of the system can be
changed by local users
Country managers will
be able to define new
fields in the product
database to capture
country-specific
information
Making Unstated Norms Explicit
Explicitly stating
assumptions that differ from
country to country
All weights will be
stated in pounds and in
kilograms
Legal
The laws and regulations
that impose system
requirements
Personal customer
information cannot be
transferred from
European Union
countries to US
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11.
All your Implementation Deliverables
Type Of Documentation Proposed
Product documentation contains information on the currently under development
product as well as directions on whether to carry out numerous operations with it.
Specifications, technical information, system behavior, and guides are all common
components of product documentation (
Ovaskainen
et al.
, 2017). This project will primarily
focus on produc documentation as the final bits of prepearing from the implementation
process. There exist two primary forms of documentation include:
System documentation:
Documents that explain the systems as a whole and its components
are referred to as system documentation. It consists of FAQs, design choices, architectural
explanations, and specification papers.
User documentation:
includes guides that are primarily written for computer programmers
and consumer of the application. Tutorials, technical manuals, installation tutorials,
maintenance guides, and reference guides are all examples of documented information.
This documentation will be available to the users in the organization in an electronic
format (
Ovaskainen
et al.
, 2017). The program designers will prepare the documentation for
the project and share the document in the form of PDF to the management of the organization
as a downloadable file that is accessible as the users start to install the application
Type of Testing
Program testing is critical for the successful implementation of this program. This
process ensures that the program performs its intended purpose and assist the organization
achieve its desired objectives (
Ovaskainen
et al.
, 2017). For the purpose of testing this
application program, I would like to propose five specific testing for this program.
Acceptance Testing
This test examines whether the program has achieved the desired objective in assisting the
consumers to meet the objectives of their tasks (
Eickhoff
et al.,
2017). In this project,
acceptance testing will measure how the application program has assisted the retailers handle
data regarding the sales of their products.
Functional Testing
This tests whether the program performs the task that it was designed to do. In this case, does
the program record the information of the customers, record sales, and yield reports in the
dashboard which summarizes the sales.
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Interactive Testing
This testing is also referred to us manual testing and it allows the developers to perform tests
on how the users of the system operate the system. This test is vital for examining through
physical interactions and observing how the users perform while using the program.
Performance Testing
This form of testing examines five key processes which includes the reliability speed,
scalability, stability and how the software used the resources.
Security Testing
To guarantee that the software system as well as application are risk- and threat-free,
security assessment reveals the system's weaknesses (
Eickhoff
et al.,
2017). These tests seek
to identify potential computer code faults and vulnerabilities that can result in the loss of data,
income, or brand among customers or other third parties.
System Changeover Plan
The changeover plan for this system will involve a direct change over. As quickly as feasible,
the computers are switched, and the developed model immediately succeeds the old one
whilst still shutting it down. The main upside to opting for this changeover is that it is cost
friendly
Type of Training
The type of training for the implementation of this software will primarily involve the
use of tutorials that have been provided in the documentations. Tutorials are critical parts of
the implantation of a computer system, and they play a critical role in providing a more
accessible alternative for the end-user (
Eickhoff
et al.,
2017).
Type of Maintenance and Support
Given that this is an in-house application, the proposed maintenance and support will
be provided by the internal system developer. The users of the system will keep in touch with
the developer to provide any help that is needed (
Ovaskainen
et al.
, 2017). This approach has
the benefit of being effective and cost friendly given that the technical support also works for
the store.
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12.
Works Cited
Fuller, A. W. (2018). Toward a perspective on R&D Outsourcing: RBV and firm
performance.
International Journal of Innovation and Technology
Management
,
15
(05), 1850040.
Langhans, W. (2018, April). Use of commercial services and outsourcing to supply CNS
services—An ANSP's perspective. In
2018 Integrated Communications, Navigation,
Surveillance Conference (ICNS)
(pp. 1-13). IEEE.
Neuwerth, K. (2021). Inhouse vs outsourcing digital marketing to B2B customers for a
company operating in the industry of oil refining and marketing. Case Company: X.
Park, J. (2010). Constructive multiple-choice testing system.
British Journal of Educational
Technology
,
41
(6), 1054-1064.
https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-8535.2010.01058.x
Khairunj. (n.d.).
Point of sale
. Microsoft Docs. Retrieved July 16, 2022, from
https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/dynamicsax-2012/appuser-itpro/point-of-sale
Eickhoff, S. B., Laird, A. R., Fox, P. M., Lancaster, J. L., & Fox, P. T. (2017).
Implementation
errors in the GingerALE Software: description and recommendations
(Vol.
38, No. 1,
pp. 7-11).
Ovaskainen, O., Tikhonov, G., Norberg, A., Guillaume Blanchet, F., Duan, L., Dunson, D., ...
& Abrego, N. (2017). How to make more out of community data? A conceptual
framework and its implementation as models and software.
Ecology letters
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(5),
561-576.
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