Week 13 Lab Networking

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University of Nairobi *

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401

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Information Systems

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Nov 24, 2024

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1 Week 13 Lab Networking Student’s Name Instructor’s Name Course Title Date

3 | Your OS | 192.168.242.102 | 192.168.2.254 | | Your Virtual NIC | 255.255.255.255 | 127.0.0.1 | | Focal | fe80::8095:5074:e2b1:bb00/128 |fe80::8095:5074:e2b1:bb00%10 | | FreeBSD | 255.255.255.255 | 192.168.242.81 | | Debian | 192.168.242.81 | 127.0.0.1 | | Jammy enp0s8 | 255.255.255.0 | 192.168.242.81 | | Jammy enp0s9 | 255.255.255.0 | 192.168.242.81 | Lab Question Two Looking back at the output of the tshark capture on the Debian system, can you briefly explain why the first two packets captured are ARP packets? Wireshark's GUI will not be immediately accessible when operating on a remote machine. In order to capture the packets and save them in a pcap file on a remote machine, it is advised to use tshark or tcpdump. Wireshark may be used to subsequently examine this file. Using sudo apt-get update && sudo apt-get install tshark -y, you may install tshark on Linux. Similar to Python, most Linux distributions and MacOS come with tcpdump pre-installed. Please be aware that using SystemsX does not provide you admin privileges, which are necessary for installing apps and recording traffic. Run the experiment again, this time the first two packets are not ARP packets -- why do you think this is the case? In other words, ARP is essentially a protocol for discovering the physical addresses of other computers. A MAC address and an IP address are required for any network communication. The IP address is necessary for data to go from one router to another and on to its final destination. Then the traffic will be sent to a switch. In contrast to computers, switches can only read MAC addresses. The last router in the chain must resolve the IP address it holds to the corresponding MAC address. The switch cannot direct data without the MAC address. That's exactly why we have ARP.

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4 Lab Question Three Why are the first two packets (approximately) ARP packets? The two packets are ARP packets since using an ARP packet, an IP address may be used to identify a device's hardware address, which is a media access control address. It is also used to link a system or device to other computers on a local network. The transmitting device uses ARP to convert IP addresses to MAC addresses. In the ARP request message delivered by the device, the IP address of the receiving device is given. What is the HTTP request type being sent for the `/` (index file)? The http response type being sent for the `/` (index file) is an information response. This interim response suggests that the client should continue with the request or disregard it if the request has already been fulfilled. What is the HTTP response code sent back for this request and did it succeed? The successful HTTP successful code that was sent back is 'HTTP/1.0 200 OK\n\nHello World' . The request succeeded. The result meaning of "success" depends on the HTTP method The browser made and addition HTTP request - what additional file did it request? The browser requests the server to provide a copy of the webpage to the client by sending an HTTP request message. This message and all other data transferred between the client and the server are sent via TCP/IP across your Internet connection. What was the response code and did this request succeed? The response code was 201 Created. The request was successful, and a new resource has been created, as shown by the HTTP 201 Created success status response code. New items are effectively generated before the response is sent back and are returned in the message body at either the URL of the request or the URL in the value of the Location header.

5 Lab Question Four Why are both of these commands successful when they are two different networks? IPConfig makes it possible for the commands to be successful even when they are two different networks. IPConfig This ipconfig command is used for discovering the IP address and default gateway of the network. An IP address is the address (unique identity) of the device in a network. This is the initial phase of network troubleshooting. Without an Internet address, one might not recognize where to begin searching. To observe how this command works, launch the command line window and enter ipconfig and hit Enter key. The IP address, subnet, and access point will be presented as illustrated in this image displaying here. This only functions with the command line tool. Using the `netstat -r` command on your host OS and answers from question one, identify the routes on your computer that make this work. # route flush # route -p add -net network-address -gateway gateway-address network-address gateway-address Static Route Looking in the WireShark capture, in the DHCP OFFER packet, at the application level, list all of the details of the option fields and give a quick explanation of each item. You can skip *Rebinding Time* DHCP: Offer (xid=21274A1D) DHCP: Op Code (op) = 2 (0x2) DHCP: Hardware Type (htype) = 1 (0x1) 10Mb Ethernet DHCP: Hardware Address Length (hlen) = 6 (0x6) DHCP: Hops (hops) = 0 (0x0) DHCP: Transaction ID (xid) = 556223005 (0x21274A1D) DHCP: Seconds (secs) = 0 (0x0)

6 DHCP: Flags (flags) = 0 (0x0) DHCP: 0 ............... = No Broadcast DHCP: Client IP Address (ciaddr) = 0.0.0.0 DHCP: Your IP Address (yiaddr) = 157.54.50.5 DHCP: Server IP Address (siaddr) = 0.0.0.0 DHCP: Relay IP Address (giaddr) = 0.0.0.0 DHCP: Client Ethernet Address (chaddr) = 08002B2ED85E DHCP: Server Host Name (sname) = <Blank> DHCP: Boot File Name (file) = <Blank> DHCP: Magic Cookie = [OK] DHCP: Option Field (options) DHCP: DHCP Message Type = DHCP Offer DHCP: Subnet Mask = 255.255.240.0 DHCP: Renewal Time Value (T1) = 8 Days, 0:00:00 DHCP: IP Address Lease Time = 16 Days, 0:00:00 DHCP: Server Identifier = 157.54.48.151 DHCP: Router = 157.54.48.1 DHCP: NetBIOS Name Service = 157.54.16.154 DHCP: NetBIOS Node Type = (Length: 1) 04 DHCP: End of this option field What are the four phases of acquiring an IP address via DHCP?  Serve discovery  IP lease offer  IP lease request  IP lease ackowledgement Lab Question Five | Net-Tools Deprecated Commands | Ip2-route Replacement Commands | | ----------------------------- | ------------------------------ | | `arp` | `ip n` (ip neighbor) | | `ifconfig` | `ip a` (ip addr) or `ip link` | | `iptunnel` | `ip tunnel` | | `iwconfig` | `iw` | | `nameif` | `ip link` or `ifrename` | | `netstat` | `ss` | | | `ip route` (for netstat -r) | | | `ip -s link` (for netstat -i) | | | `ip maddr` (for netstat -g) | | `route` | `ip r` (ip route) |

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Week 13 Lab Networking

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