Worksheet #4_sv

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University of Toronto, Scarborough *

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B70

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History

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Dec 6, 2023

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pdf

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9

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2023-09-30 1 Practices for Unit 4 1 2 1 2
2023-09-30 2 1. Hattie published his latest meta- analyses and reported the interventions and educational practices that are most effective, based on his meta-analyses of 1,200 studies. The following chart displays all of the John Hattie effect sizes as detailed in his 2016 book Visible Learning for Literacy . Which interventions/educational practices exhibited a medium effectiveness? a. Classroom discussion, teacher clarity, and reciprocal teaching b. Feedback, teacher clarity, and reciprocal teaching c. Classroom discussion, teacher clarity, and teacher credibility d. Classroom discussion, teacher clarity, and interventions for the disabled 3 4 2. Mallory the mellitologist wanted to see whether the rate at which bees die after exposure to Coumaphos, an insecticide, is dependent on the age of the bees. In particular, she suspects that younger bees are at higher risk of dying than older bees. This is problematic because when younger bees die, the bee colony eventually collapses. She collected a sample of 100 bees, recorded the time it took the bees to die after exposure to Coumaphos (in years) and their age at death (also in years). 3 4
2023-09-30 3 5 Question 2 continued 6 If we assume a significance value of 5%, is the rate at which bees die after exposure to Coumaphos, an insecticide, dependent on the age of the bees? a. The results are statistically significant because the p-value is less than 0.05. b. The results are not statistically significant because the p-value is greater than 0.05. c. The results are not statistically significant because the p-value is equal to 0.15314. d. The results are statistically significant because the p-value is equal to 0.696. Question 2 continued 5 6
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2023-09-30 4 7 For demonstration purposes and irrelevant when answering question 2 8 3. What is the size of the effect and is the rate at which bees die after exposure to an insecticide dependent on the age of the bees? a. The effect size is 0.05, and the rate at which bees die after exposure to an insecticide is not dependent on their age. b. The effect size is 0.15314, and the rate at which bees die after exposure to an insecticide is not dependent on their age. c. The effect size is 0.696, and the rate at which bees die after exposure to an insecticide is not dependent on their age. d. The effect size is 0.15314, and the rate at which bees die after exposure to an insecticide is dependent on their age. 7 8
2023-09-30 5 9 4. Mallory hypothesizes that the rate at which bees die after exposure to an insecticide is independent of the age of the bees. In which section will she mention her hypothesis? a. Results b. Discussion c. Abstract d. Introduction 10 5. Mallory’s findings suggest that the rate at which bees die after exposure to an insecticide is not dependent on their age. A group of researchers doubted her failure to find a significant result. This would reflect _____ a. Nonresponse bias b. Type 2 error c. Type 1 error d. Self-selection bias 9 10
2023-09-30 6 6. The study by Jenkins et al. (2017) examined whether low-load (i.e., 30% 1RM) and high-load (i.e., 80% 1RM) resistance training elicited different responses in terms of muscle protein synthesis and muscle hypertrophy/growth. The following is a part of their results. Imagine that you calculated Cohen's d for muscle protein synthesis. Your calculations reveal d = -0.14 and p value > 0.05 (0.97). Which of the following is correct? a. The effect size is negative, small and significant b. The effect size is negative, small and not significant c. The effect size is negative, medium and significant d. The effect size is negative, medium and not significant 11 7. Which interpretation would be the best for the effect size that you calculated? a. Low-load (30% 1RM) and high-load (80% 1RM) resistance training did not elicit different responses in terms of muscle protein synthesis b. Low-load (30% 1RM) and high-load (80% 1RM) resistance training elicited different responses in terms of muscle protein synthesis c. High-load (80% 1RM) resistance training elicited more muscle protein synthesis than low-load (30% 1RM) d. Low-load (80% 1RM) resistance training elicited more muscle protein synthesis than high-load (30% 1RM) 12 11 12
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2023-09-30 7 8. Imagine that you calculated Cohen's d for total repetitions. Your calculations reveal d = -3.17 and p-value < 0.01. Which interpretation would be the best for the effect size and p-value that you calculated? a. Low-load (30% 1RM) and high-load (80% 1RM) training did not elicit different responses in terms of muscle hypertrophy/growth b. Low-load (30% 1RM) and high-load (80% 1RM) training did elicit different responses in terms of muscle hypertrophy/growth c. Not enough information is provided d. I have no idea what you mean 13 9. What is the best interpretation of the correlation between employment and residence? a. Employment and residence are negatively correlated. b. Employment causes owning a residence. c. Residence ownership is strongly linked with being employed. d. Residence ownership is linked with being employed, but the effect may be too small to be meaningful. 14 13 14
2023-09-30 8 10. Which of the following(s) is/are correct? (Ignore the boxes. They are for demonstration and irrelevant to the question) a. Credit cards and savings correlation is medium (r = -0.48) and significant (P value < 0.05, 0.007) b. Credit cards and debt correlation is medium (r = 0.353) and insignificant (P value < 0.05, 0.056) c. Two of the above d. Neither of the above 15 11. Imagine that you calculated the correlation between credit cards and debt. Your calculations reveal r = 0.353 and p value > 0.05. Which of the following is correct? a. The correlation is positive, medium and significant b. The correlation is positive, medium and insignificant c. The correlation is positive, small and significant d. The correlation is positive, small and insignificant 16 15 16
2023-09-30 9 12. Parkinson’s Disease (PD) is a common neurodegenerative disorder. We sought to synthesize studies on the prevalence of PD to obtain an overall view of how the prevalence of this disease varies by age, by sex, and by geographic location. We searched MEDLINE and EMBASE for epidemiological studies of PD from 1985 to 2010. Data were analyzed by age group, geographic location, and sex. Geographic location was stratified by the following groups: 1) Asia, 2) Africa, 3) South America, and 4) Europe/North America/Australia. Meta-regression was used to determine whether a significant difference was present between groups. Forty-seven studies were included in the analysis. Meta-analysis of the worldwide data showed a rising prevalence of PD with age (all per 100,000): 41 in 40 to 49 years; 107 in 50 to 59 years; 173 in 55 to 64 years; 428 in 60 to 69 years; 425 in 65 to 74 years; 1087 in 70 to 79 years; and 1903 in older than age 80. It appears that this article is _____ a. A media article published in the popular press b. An empirical/primary journal article c. A literature review d. A meta-analysis 17 18 13. We examined the neuromuscular adaptations following 3 and 6 weeks of 80 vs. 30% one repetition maximum (1RM) resistance training to failure in the leg extensors. Twenty-six men (age = 23.1 ± 4.7 years) were randomly assigned to a high- (80% 1RM; n = 13) or low-load (30% 1RM; n = 13) resistance training group and completed leg extension resistance training to failure 3 times per week for 6 weeks. It appears that this article is _____ a. A media article published in the popular press b. An empirical/primary journal article c. A literature review d. A meta-analysis 17 18
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