Unit 6.1-6.3 AMSCO Reading

Name:______________________________________________________________________Date:________Class:______ APWH|Unit 6 Sections 6.1-6.3 “Rationales for Imperialism,” “State Expansion,” “Indigenous Responses to State Expansion” Directions: For each reading section define the important vocabulary words and answer the reading questions that follow using specific details. It is imperative that you complete your readings thoughtfully and independently. Students who do not do their reading will not do well in this course. Review (Important relevant information from old sections) Answer the following questions briefly, using your old AMSCOs as needed. 1. What was the Columbian Exchange - how did it lead to colonization? The Columbian Exchange was the transfer of diseases, plants, animals and technology. This led to colonization because it caused population growth in Europe. 2. Why is Britain gaining so much power during the era of industrialization? Britain gained so much power during the era of industrialization by the agricultural changes and economic developments. Vocabulary for Sections 6.1-6.3 Key term/event Definition (Think - Who, What, When, Where … ) and Significance (Why this term matters) 1. Imperialism Policy that would lead to conflicts in Asia and a scramble to colonize Africa 2. Sino-Japanese War Japan won the war with China and gained control over Korea. 3. Social Darwinism Darwin's theory that the "fittest" species are the ones which survive and that the weaker species are weeded out. 4. Suez Canal More than 1.5 million Egyptians were employed during the construction of a 100-mile long canal in 1869 5. Settler Colony Spanish, Italian and French immigrants were attracted to the territory when it was established by the French for Algeria 6. Berlin Conference An international conference organized by Otto von Bismarck to promote the orderly colonization of Africa, Africans were not invited. 7. Boer Wars The British won land wars against Afrikaners. They were bloody and brutal. 8. King Leopold II The Belgian Government was persuaded to support the colonization of central Africa by the Belgian president under his rule (1865-1909) 9. Spheres of Influence European nations carved out exclusive trading rights and access to national resources within China as a result of superior military power 10. Taiping Rebellion During the Qing Dynasty, political problems within the Qing government, the appointee Hong Xiuquan, starving farm workers and miners, and unsuccessful civil servants candidates attempted overthrow. 11. Boxer Rebellion An estimated 200-250 foreigners died in the revolt. The emperor and the court suffered an embarrassing defeat that undermined their legitimacy

12. Penal Colony Used to banish convicts. england chose to utilize Australia for their settlement, the east coast became known as New South Wales 13. Monroe Doctrine given by president James Monroe (1823), expressed that European countries ought not intercede in the undertakings of the nations in the Western Hemisphere 14. Manifest Destiny a characteristic and unavoidable right to grow to the Pacific Ocean 15. Ghost Dance customs of moves and tunes were intended to rush their event,spread from Sierra Nevada, to the Missouri River and from northern Texas to the Canadian boundary. 16. Indian National Congress set up by a few English taught Indians, immediately became self-rule 17. Treaty of Paris approved in February 1899, finished the conflict that only moved control of the Philippines from Spain to the US 18. Maori Wars wars that broke out when the Maori became frightened by english settlement designs. English ultimately defeated the Maori in 1846. 19. Pan-Africanism Western-instructed Africans who had a common character and patriotism 20. Xhosa Cattle Killing lead to the consequence of starvation and the passing of thousands of individuals. English were not driven out of the space. REMEMBER TO USE COMPLETE SENTENCES UNLESS NOTED. 6.1 “Rationales for Imperialism” Objective Key Developments Explain how ideologies contributed to the development of imperialism from 1750 to 1900. General 1. How does the poem at the beginning of 6.1 reflect the ideas of imperialism? The poem reflects the ideas of imperialism because it explains colonization and conflict that happened. Nationalist Motives for Imperialism 2. What characterized most of the 1800s - why are countries wanting colonies? Countries wanted colonies to build an empire that would asset its national identity in the global arena and it would also create an empire that would guarantee resources in the industrial age. 3. How did the following try to assert their national pride through settlement: A. Britain: expanded its influence in South Asia and gradually took control of India from the East India Company. B. France: expanded its territory overseas. C. Italy and Germany: they each wanted the colonies for prestige mainly but also for economic and strategic reasons. D. Spain: colonies in the first part of imperialism and the power was great. E. Japan: incursions into Korea and also seized Taiwan from the Portuguese colonizations. Cultural and Religious Motives for Imperialism 4. Describe how science was used as proof that colonization was a right of stronger nations. The weaker species would die and the stronger ones would live and this was proven by the Darwin theory that the fittest will survive because they are the strongest.

inevitable result as Africans. 7. Summarize the presence of the French in Africa (by the way, a ‘settler colony’ is where a country sends its people to live there permanently rather than just temporarily). Attracted Spanish, Italian and Maltese as well as French immigrants and French also established trading post in Guinea and NIger to compete with British West African colonies. The European Scramble for Africa 8. Explain what the ‘Scramble for Africa’ was. As industrialized European nations competed for natural resources in Africa, tensions and competition arose. They were essentially vying for a piece of the pie. Trying to snag a piece of Africa. Many people were concerned that this would lead to war. 9. Explain what happens at the Berlin Conference - who is involved? WHO ISN’T? Germany's Otto von Bismarck wished to maintain European peace in the midst of the "scramble for Africa." Between 1884 and 1885, he hosted the Berlin Conference, which brought together European powers to plan the "orderly" colonization of Africa. There have been no Africans invited to the conference. 10. Explain what led to the Boer War conflict. Why was there tension between these groups? In the late 18th and early 19th centuries, the British replaced the Dutch in the Cape Colony on Africa's southern tip. The British introduced the use of English while also allowing people to use the Dutch language. Many Dutch-speaking Afrikaners (descendants of 17th century Dutch settlers) moved east of the Cape Colony, clashing with indigenous groups such as the Zulus. The battle for land between the British and the Afrikaners raged on. The Boer Wars (1880-1881) were the result of conflict (1899-1902). 11. What was the impact or result of the Boer Wars? The Afrikaners and Africans were eventually driven from their lands by the British, who forced many of them into refugee camps. Concentration camps were settlements that were segregated based on race. The conditions were dreadful, and many people died as a result. 15,000 Africans were killed. 12. Why was King Leopold’s rule of the Congo different or unique compared to other colonies? Instead of the Belgian government, King Leopold personally owned the colony. 13. Describe Leopold’s treatment of the Congolese. What was the impact of his leadership? To the Congolese, he was heinous and ruthless. He forced them to harvest rubber and ivory and tortured them into submission. Under his leadership, 8 million Congolese died, and Belgium took control of the Congo as a frequent colony in 1908. 14. By 1900 which countries were unclaimed by Europe? Why were they able to resist? Abyssinia (modern-day Ethiopia) and Liberia, a country founded by former slaves from the United States. Liberia was still dependent on and tied to the United States, and when Italy attempted to take over Abyssinia in 1895, the native forces were too powerful. Imperialism in South Asia 15. What items do Europeans want from South Asia? How does this lead to the Seven Years’ War? Spices and precious stones France lost to Great Britain in the Seven Years War, and as a result of this defeat, France was driven out of India. The British desired greater trading power in India while limiting competition from other European countries. 16. What was the role of the East India Company? The East India Company eventually ruled over the entire country of India (India is a subcontinent). A smaller landmass that protrudes from a continent). EIC enlisted Indian soldiers known as Sepoys to serve in the British colonial army. Imperialism in East Asia 17. China had a different experience than South Asia or Africa - describe how they were imperialized. China maintained its own government, but had to contend with spheres of influence within China—Europeans had exclusive trading rights and access to natural resources in China. 18. Describe the problems impacting the Qing government: A. Taiping Rebellion: Started in 1850. Failed civil servant candidates, as well as starving peasants, workers, and miners, attempted to overthrow the Qing Dynasty. B. Yellow River: During the rebellion, their Yellow River changed course, flooding farmland in some areas while leaving others vulnerable to drought. C. Plague: The Bubonic Plague broke out while China was dealing with the Yellow River Crisis, and more than 20 million people died as a result of the Bubonic Plague, Yellow River Crisis, and Rebellion. D. Boxer Rebellion: Between 1899 and 1901, the Boxers (martial arts) were an anti-imperialist group that attacked Chinese Christians and Western missionaries. 19. Why did Japan end its isolation in 1853 - what impact did this have on the country? Japan ended its isolation as a result of US naval pressure to trade and to protect their culture. 20. Where is Japan imperializing/setting up colonies? How could this help them successfully colonize further? Colonies were established in Mexico and Latin America. Profit from these colonies and build an East Asian empire

that included parts of China, Korea, and Southeast Asia. Imperialism in Southeast Asia 21. Describe the impact of: A. The Dutch in Southeast Asia:The Dutch East India Company took over the spice trade from the Portuguese after seizing control of the Spice Islands (now part of Indonesia) in 1641. B. The French in Southeast Asia: France took control of northern Vietnam after defeating China in the Sino-French War of 1883-1885. France then took control of modern-day Laos in the 1890s. C. The British in Southeast Asia: The British discovered the port of Singapore in 1824. Chinese immigrants quickly transformed it into Southeast Asia's most important seaport. D. Siam:iam (modern-day Thailand) was unaffected by European imperialism in the nineteenth century. Siam's monarchs handled diplomatic relations with the British and French, and the Siamese government implemented a number of modernizing reforms, such as the Meiji Restoration. Australia and New Zealand 22. Why did the British decide to colonize Australia? They had lost their American colonies and were considering establishing various types of settlements in Australia. Founded a penal colony (prison colony). In 1788, prisoners and free settlers arrived in Australia. 23. How did British rule impact Australia and New Zealand? For decades, the main purpose of Australia was to house convicts, but they later discovered that they could get wool and copper from this colony. With this new discovery, free settlers began to arrive in 1830. In 1839, the British annexed the settler colony of New Zealand. The British government promised that Maori rights would be protected, but war broke out. The colony of New Zealand was founded on sheep grazing and dairy farming. US Imperialism in Latin America and the Pacific 24. How did the US imperialize American lands? By the nineteenth century, the United States had continued to take land from Indigenous peoples. Oklahoma's new Indian Territory was established. 25. How did the Monroe Doctrine give the US power in the Americas? The Monroe Doctrine, issued by James Monroe in 1823, stated that European nations should not intervene in the affairs of Western Hemisphere countries. Essentially, the United States desired to be able to imperialize the Americas. 26. How does Manifest Destiny connect to imperialism? The United States believed that expanding to the Pacific Ocean was a natural and unavoidable right. In order to achieve this goal, the United States acquired territory, purchasing Alaska from Russia in 1867, and building a transcontinental railroad that connected the eastern and western United States in 1869. 27. List the locations of and impact on those imperialized overseas. After US planters overthrew the monarch in 1900, Hawaii became a US territory. We gained Guam, Cuba, Puerto Rico, and the Philippines after winning the Spanish-American War in 1898. Finally, the Roosevelt Corollary stated that if Latin American countries demonstrated instability, the US would intervene. The Monroe Doctrine's polar opposite. Russian Expansion 28. Summarize the expansion of Russia - where did they go, when? During her reign (1762-1796), Catherine the Great annexed half of Poland from the Ottoman Empire. During his reign, Alexander I annexed Finland, Moldova, Georgia, Azerbaijan, and a portion of Armenia (1815-1825). 29. What was the Great Game - explain Russia’s role in it. In the nineteenth century, Russia continued to push into Central Asia, sparking a rivalry with the British for dominance in Afghanistan. Although they were unsuccessful, they were able to annex a large portion of Manchuria from China. 6.3 “Indigenous Responses to State Expansion” Objective Key Developments Explain how and why General 1. How did enlightenment ideals help leaders push against colonization?

work very well so there were many casualties in the two countries. African Resistance 18. Explain what Pan-Africanism was and how it connected to resistance to imperialism. It served as both a cultural and political ideology and it aims at the connection of understanding universal injustices. 19. Who were the Xhosa people - why did they kill their cattle? They were the sick cattle had been contaminated, and Nongqawuse was who led the killing to happen 20. Describe the outcome of the following: A. Anglo-Zulu War: he was in favor of Zulus and Britain defeated them which made their lands part of Britain. B. Samory Toure’s War: He went to war and his forces were ejected and he tried to establish the kingdom. C. Mahdist Revolt: this made the british Sudan to want to return. D. Yaa Asantewaa War: a mighty warrior queen and this led to rebellions against britain. Be sure to do this: AMSCO 6.1 Multiple Choice 1. _______A_________ 2. ______A________ 3. ______B_______ AMSCO 6.2 Multiple Choice 1. _______C_________ 2. _______A_______ 3. ______D_______ AMSCO 6.3 Multiple Choice 2. ______B__________ 2. _____B_________ 3. ______C_______ SAQ Outline A B C AMSCO 6.1 Question 1 One reason was that the French felt compelled to civilize the inferior races because they were of a higher race themselves. It was their "obligation" to do so. They should carry this policy with them wherever they go. Ferry's argument is similar to other arguments of the time in that it is similar to Rudyard Kipling's. Rudyard Kipling, like many others, believed in bringing civilization to "uncivilized" colonies. This was referred to as the White Man's Burden. The French Revolution influenced French imperialism in one way by igniting nationalism and putting people like Napoleon in power. During this time period, imperialism was motivated by nationalism. AMSCO 6.2 Question 1 He used caricatures to depict the nations because it appealed to the reader visually. It informs the reader that several countries wanted to establish trade relations with China. The Chinese leader/emperor appears irritated because other countries are interested in China. He, too, is powerless to stop them. One historical development depicted in the cartoon is China being forced to trade with countries such as the United Kingdom, Germany, Russia, and Japan. This means that China was compelled to modernize. Because of the numerous wars won by the Europeans against them, China was unable to withstand the development depicted in the cartoon. For example, the French won the Sino-French War, and trade was forced as a result. Other countries followed suit and were able to trade with China. AMSCO 6.3 Question 1 One possible explanation for his point of view was that the English were establishing tyranny in India and oppressing its citizens. The English used cow and pig fat to grease weapons, as evidenced by their use of cow and pig fat to grease weapons. This was interpreted as a conversion attempt and oppression of Hinduism and Islam. One way it influenced Indian political structures was that wealthy Indians rose to the top of the political system. People backed them because they believed they would drive the English out of India for the good of the people. Upper-class citizens benefited from this. The power of the British East India Company over India was transferred to the British crown. As a result, the parliament retained authority. The native princes regained their rights to rule, but they were required to listen to the British Parliament. A British Raj was established. For the most part, society remained

unchanged.