Native Studies Midterm 1 notes

Module 1 1. The main characteristic of creation or teaching stories (compared to personal stories) is: - Creation stories are spiritual in nature - Creation stores evolve over time - Creation stories are observations and accounts of places - Creation stories are everyday lived experiences of people 2. Which of the following statements is not true? - Story telling conveys worldview and belief systems - Story telling transmits knowledge about land and culture - Story telling helps as a moral guide - Story telling is restricted to elder knowledge 3. The tlingit worldview includes practices such as: - Maligait - The concept of the seventh generation - Potlaches - potlucks 4. Indigenous worldviews include: - Potlucks on the land - Well developed clan systems - Capitalism - individualism 5. Which indigenous worldview is embodied by the phrase, “all my relations” - Kanien:keha’ka - Nehiyawak - Inuit - tlingit Module 2 6. This nation had some of the highest population densities in Canada, with estimates ranging from 20,000 to 33,000 inhabitants - Mi’kmaq - Wyandot (huron) - Beothuk - Innu 7. Pre-contract trade was largely for - Metal and metal product - Basic necessities - Foreign goods - Luxury items 8. The fur trade has been interpreted by scholars of indigenous history as: - An ineffective system to collect raw materials

- Organized slave labour for the benefit of transnational corporations - A simple system of trading networks - A partnership between european and indigenous groups 9. What era is the first european settlement on turtle island - 10th century - 15th century - 16th century - 11th century 10. Which european explorer claimed the land of newfoundland or labrador - Caboto - Frobisher - Eric the red - columbus 11. Indigenous peoples would primarily trade furs for: - Textiles (e.g. coats, blankets, socks) - Agriculture supplies (e.g. seeds, machinery) - Wood products (e.g. furniture, carts) - Metal goods (e.g. needles, cookware, knives) 12. A distinguished feature of the early fur trade was - Numbered treaties - Diplomatic relations between indigenous nations and europeans - Significant indigenous dependency - Reserves 13. The HBC established their position in the fur trade by - Signing treaties with the Wyandot - By building railways - Taking advantage of treaty 1763 - Establishing trading forts at the mouths of the rivers that drain into hudson’s bay 14. The hudson’s bay company was given title to rupert’s land by - A royal decree - A royal charter - An act of the senate - An act of parliament 15. Offspring between french men and indigenous women in the fur trade were known as - Nor’westers - Metis - Freemen - Hoshe nakota 16. How did the merger of the HBC and NWC affect first nations and metis people?

- The great peace of montreal 24. When the crown was signing treaty with indigenous nations, the crowns understanding of a treaty can be best described as - A way to ensure the ongoing settlement of land for europeans - A legal agreement between two nations - An agreement embodied with spiritual association - A formal agreement used to reinforce adn protect relationsbetween the two parties 25. One of the best known features of the great peace of montreal is - Allowed indigenous nations to hunt and fish freely without harassment from europeans - Europeans were now able to develop large agricultural areas - It was signed in 1701 - Laid the groundwork for peace and cooperation 26. The main aim of the peace and friendship treaties from 1725-1779 was to stabilize - Territorial gains by the British - Political systems - Trade and relations - The lumber industry 27. The primary negotiator for the Robinson treaties, a man named william benjamin robinson was a - Experience diplomat - Government official - A trader who spoke an indigenous language - The chief factor of the hudson bay company 28. What area did the douglas treaties cover? - Most of northwest ontario - Vancouver island - The land and rivers draining into the hudson bay - Vancouver island and haida gwai’i 29. It was this major unscrupulous event that had indigenous leaders pursuing formal agreements with government representatives - The sale of rupert’s land - Robinson treaties - Red resistance - War of 1812 30. Modern day treaties are also known as - Comprehensive claims - Numbered treaties - Compensatory agreements - Native claims

31. This was not one of the circumstances leading up to the northwest resistance - Metis were refused their requested title to their river lots - Metis wanted similar agricultural agreements - Metis wanted a nation to nation partnership with the canadian state - Metis attacked the transcontinental railway 32. Confederation affected the treaty making process because - The canadian government felt its borders were secure - Indigenous groups felt entitles to more land - The canadian government sought westward expansion - Indigenous groups were insecure about the future of the fur trade industry 33. How do many first nations peoples regard treaty days today - Celebration of canadian history - With strong disdain - Celebration only for first nations band members - Celebration of indigenous sovereignty 34. The iconography on the commemorative medals for treaty 6 symbolizes - The transfer of land and resources for material goods - Two sovereign nations making peace and sharing the land forever - The equality of all peoples under God - The dominance of the british crown in negotiations and afterward 35. What land base did indian commissioner edgar dewdney exclude from treaty negotiations - The cypress hills - The athabsaca watershed - The badlands - rupertland 36. What was chief Ptikwahanapiwlyin’s (poundmaker) reaction to treaty 6 - Angry against his people for turning against him - Angry at the government for possessing the land - Angry at the government for not giving enough land - Angry at the government for meager rations 37. What was the european interpretation of treaty 6 - The crown allows rights and privileges to indigenous people for ever in perpetuity - The government relinquishes titles and privileges to land - Indigenous people relinquish titles and privileges to land - Indigenous people relinquish hunting rights 38. Treaty 7 was different from preceding numbered treaties because of its focus on - Ranching - Fishing - Agriculture

- The concept of non-interference encourages personal interpretations of the relevance of stories to situations - The engagement with the wisdom of elders passes down traditional teachings - The greater personal freedom encourages people to take responsibility - The use of indigenous languages encourages a deeper understanding of issues regarding justice 46. Aboriginal rights are found in the - Neither the charter nor the constitution - Constitution, but not the charter - Charter, but not the constitution - Both the charter and the constitution 47. Which of the following best describes the relationship fostered by the royal proclamation of 1763 between indigenous peoples and the british crown - Gift-giving dependency - Military alliance - External governance - Unrestricted colonial settlement 48. The european conceptions of civilizations - Privileged indigenous customs - Linked colonialism to a civilizing mission - Allowed for multiple interpretations of what it means to be civilized - Valued the natural world 49. The royal proclamation of 1763 was violated by: - Indigenous communities being granted new land - Metis adopting farming lifestyles - Settlers taking land for homesteading - Government agencies mapping the interior regions 50. The indian act contributed to assimilation by - Including local elders in indian act consultations - Encouraging intermarriage - Standardizing food production - Abolishing traditional forms of governance 51. The potlach was seen as a threat to western value of: - Religion - Collectivism - Private property - Public property Practice exam 1 1. The main purpose of the Wisacejak Creation story is to:

- Explain history and place - Transmit cultural knowledge from one generation to the next - Make biblical reference to the Christian flood story - Transmit culture to your immediate family members 2. The main characteristic of creation or teaching stories (compared to personal stories) is: - Creation stories evolve over time - Creation stories are spiritual in nature - Creation stories are observations and accounts of places - Creation stories are everyday lived experiences of people 3. Kanien:keha'ka worldview concepts began with: - Stories of Wisacejack - Story of Sky Woman - A matrilineal clan system - The three clans of Bear, Wolf and Turtle 4. A fundamental difference between Indigenous and Western worldviews is the assumption of: - Proper gender roles in the community - Humans natural intelligence - Hierarchy vs interdependence in the natural world - Whether or not there is an afterlife 5. The code of ethics, Maligait ("things that had to be done”) is present in which Indigenous worldview? - Nehiyawak - Inuit - Kanien:keha’ka - Tlingit 6. This nation had some of the highest population densities in Canada, with estimates ranging from 20,000 to 33,000 inhabitants: - Wyandot - Beothuk - Mi’kmaq - Innu 7. How was gifting perceived with regards to Indigenous trade: - A means of accumulating wealth - Diplomacy in expanding dominance over territory - Part of a one-time offer - A means of gaining influence 8. The process of colonization can be best describes as: - Economic trade for the sake of Indigenous sovereignty - To create a "Métis Nation” between Europeans and Indigenous people - To establish racialized institutions - Serious modifications to European ways of life 9. Who were the Indigenous people the Norse were purported to have first encountered: - Skrillex - Skraelings - Innu

- Individuals derive their own meaning from the stories to inform how they might act - The stories told are vague enough to encourage nuanced understandings - Individuals learn a lot from the wisdom of the elders to inform how they might act - The stories are told in situations that are not mandatory to attend, so individuals have a choice 19. Where are Aboriginal rights situated in Canadian Law? - Charter, but not the Constitution - Constitution, but not the Charter - Both the Charter and the Constitution - Neither the Charter nor the Constitution 20. The Indian Act contributed to assimilation by: - Abolishing traditional forms of governance - Standardizing food production - Encouraging intermarriage - Limiting the roles of local elders