HIST 100B Exam 1
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Saginaw Valley State University *
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Feb 20, 2024
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Exam #1 - History 100B
NAME: Haley Hickey
Professor Jarvis
PART 1: Short Answer Questions (50 points)
Answer the following questions in a few words. Make sure that you are as specific as you can be and try to provide three points or examples for each answer. Reference your sources in the same manner as expected for the Essay Assignments.
1.
What are three things you can say about American Indian populations before the
arrival of Europeans and Africans?
Before the arrival of Europeans and Africans, American Indian populations had rich and diverse cultures, with unique languages, traditions, and social cultures. They had deep connections to the land and practiced sustainable agricultural methods. They also had intricate systems of trade and communication among different tribes. (Week 1: Indigenous Cultures)
2.
What was the Columbian Exchange?
The Columbian Exchange was a book written by Alfred Crosby refers to the widespread exchange of plants, animals, diseases, and ideas between the Old World, which included (Europe, Africa, and Asia) and the New world, which was the Americas following Christopher Columbus voyages in 1492. It had an impact on both sides, introducing new crops, such as potatoes and corn to Europe and bringing European diseases like smallpox to the Americas. (Week 1 Before Colonization: Indigenous Cultures, Paula Findlen on the Columbian Exchange.)
3.
What were three motivations for Europeans to cross the Atlantic beginning in the fifteenth century?
One motivation was the desire to find new trade routes to Asia for valuable goods
like spices and silks. Another motivation was the pursuit of wealth and riches through exploration and colonization. Additionally, Europeans were driven by a sense of adventure and curiosity to explore and discover new lands. (Week 1: Why cross the Atlantic?)
4.
How did Europeans view American Indians during the colonial period?
Europeans had various views of American Indians during the colonial period because some seen them as noble savages, while others viewed them as primitive or inferior.
(Week 2: Colonial America)
5.
What were three ways in which the English settlement of New England differed from that of the Chesapeake?
The English settlement of New England differed from Chesapeake due to settlement, types of settlers, and economy.
(Week 2: Cataclysmic Population Changes: “Red, Black, and White.”
6.
What are three reasons why slavery came to replace indentured servitude in the Chesapeake during the late 17
th
and early 18
th
centuries?
Slavery replaced indentured servitude in the Chesapeake during the late 17
th
and 18
th
centuries due to labor shortage, profitability, and the growth of the plantation
system. (Week 2: Cataclysmic Population Changes: “Red, Black, and White.”
7.
Briefly discuss three examples of conflict between American Indians and colonists.
Three examples of a conflict between American Indians and colonists during the colonial period was the Powhatan Confederacy in Virginia, the Pequot War in New England, and the Pontiac’s Rebellion in the Ohio River Valley.
(Week 2: Cataclysmic Population Changes: “Red, Black, and White.”
8.
What are three things you could say about British colonial governments?
British colonial governments varied in structure and policies across different colonies. Some had royal governors appointed by the British monarchy, while others had selected assemblies. They often imposed taxes, regulated trade, and enforced British laws.
(Week 2: Cataclysmic Population Changes: “Red, Black, and White.”
9.
Was colonial America a place that offered religious freedom for people?
Colonial America offered varying degrees of religious freedom depending on the colony. Some colonies, like Rhode Island and Pennsylvania, were founded on principles of religious tolerance, had more restrictive religious practices.
(Week 3: The Kaleidoscope of Colonial Governments)
10. What were three important events of the American Revolution?
During the American Revolution, the three important events were the signing of the Declaration of Independence, the Battle of Saratoga, and the 1783 Treaty of Paris.
(Week 3: A Civil War)
PART 2: Essay Questions (50 points)
Answer the following questions or prompts. For each you will need to answer the one
question assigned or you can choose from among two or three options. Some may seem broad but write a paragraph (using knowledge gained from the course) that addresses the prompt in some way. Aim to use at least three examples to support your answer. Reference your sources in the same manner as expected for the Essay Assignments.
1.
Answer this question:
a.
Was European colonization an invasion of the Americas?
Although European colonization seems like an invasion of the Americas but it was actually conquered, colonized, and driven by each other across the landscape for thousands of years. Changes in climate and Native-on-
Native violence were one of the causes for the rise and fall of indigenous civilizations and migrations. (Indigenous Cultures, Week 1.)
2.
Answer your choice of one from these options:
a.
How was the story of colonial America one of expanding freedom for people?
b.
How was the story of colonial America one of declining freedoms for people?
The story of colonial America was one of declining freedoms for people because American Indians faced displacement and loss of their lands, while enslaved Africans were stripped of their basic human rights and treated as property. c.
Support or critique this statement: “Freedom for some in America came at
the expense of others”
3.
Address this prompt:
a.
What do the sources pertaining to servitude and slavery (such as for Weeks 3 and 4) tell us about freedom in colonial America?
While some European settlers enjoyed certain freedoms and opportunities, the institution of slavery denied basic freedoms to enslaved Africans. Indentured servants also faced limitations on their freedom, although their conditions were different from those of enslaved individuals.
4.
Answer your choice of one from these options:
a.
How is the story of colonial America best understood as one of peace, compromise, and cooperation?
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b.
How is the story of colonial America best understood as one of violence, dispossession, and conflict?
European colonization led to the displacement and mistreatment of American Indian populations, as well as the enslavement exploitation of Africans. The pursuit of land, resources, and power often resulted in violent clashes and the suppression of indigenous cultures. 5.
Answer this question
a.
Why did the American Revolution happen, and what did it mean for colonists who supported it?
The American Revolution happened due to grievances over taxation without representation, desire for self-governance, and a growing sense of
American Identity. For colonists who supported it, the revolution meant the opportunity to establish an independent nation where they could govern themselves and protect their rights and liberties.