HIST 100B Exam 2
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Exam #2 - History 100B
NAME: Haley Hickey
Professor Jarvis
PART 1: Short Answer Questions (50 points)
Answer the following questions or prompts, making the space that you need. Be as specific as possible with your answers. Reference your sources in the same manner as
expected for the Essay Assignments.
1.
What were three problems that the United States faced during the years immediately after the American Revolution?
The three problems the United States faced were problems as most Americans recognized that the confederation was falling for want of the powers to tax and to regulate interstate and international commerce. They United States was
heavily in debt from the war and faced a shortage of capital. During the mid 1780s, the nation suffered a great trade recession, which provoked armed conflict in some states between hard-hit debtors and their creditors. This led to
inflation and difficulty in trade. (Globalyceum, Brief History of the Emergence of the American Constitution).
2.
How was the US Constitution modeled on the British idea of government?
The British government had a pyramid, and on the bottom was the House of Commons which consisted of Democracy. In the middle, was the House of Lords which consisted of Oligarchy. On the top, was the Monarchy which consisted of Tyranny. The structure of the American Colonial Government consisted of colonial assemblies on the bottom, governor’s council in the middle, and the governor on top. The colonial governments were supposed to operate as subordinate versions of the British constitution with a royal governor, appointed by the king, to represent the monarch, and with an elected assembly modeled on the House of Commons. (Globalyceum, Brief History of the Emergence of the American Constitution).
3.
Focusing either on the Constitutional ratification debates or on the first presidential administrations during the Early Republic, what were three issues over which Federalists disagreed with their critics.
The Federalists relied on elected state conventions to promote ratification of the proposed constitution in hopes the new constitution would go into effect as soon as nine states ratified it.
4.
Summarize three differences between Jefferson’s and Hamilton’s visions for national growth.
Thomas Jefferson believed in integrate the west into the nation as states, expansion of individual landowners, and creation of agrarian republic to independent landowners. Alexander Hamilton believed that the lands to the 1
west should be colonies for the states to promote the development of manufacture, providing resources like lumber and agriculture products, and strengthen the central government. (33:33 Expansion and the Market Revolution) & (Start 4:49 & start 15:00 The Early Republic).
5.
What was an “internal improvement,” and how did these transform America in the 1810s-1830s?
An internal improvement is the changes in transportation like roads, steamboats, canals, and railroads. For example, the Erie Canal was an internal improvement. It connected Rural America to Urban America making it easier to
send goods to cities and manufacturing centers and giving it easier access to manufactured goods. (24:55 & 27:07 Market Revolution: The Transition to an Industrial Nation)
6.
What was the Market Revolution?
The Market Revolution is known as a transportation revolution, the first industrial revolution, and the transition to capitalism because the northern regions of the United States underwent a tremendous social, cultural, political, and environmental consequences. (Globalyceum, Expansion and Market Revolution: Development).
7.
Choose one: What was the American System, or what was the American System of Manufactures?
The American System of Manufactures was an interchangeable part that created a basis for mass production. This idea is devised as a product that can be created by interchangeable parts where it can be fixed without taking it to get fixed. (25:00, The Market Revolution & Globalyceum, Expansion and Market Revolution, Filling up the Canvas of America).
8.
What was the Second Great Awakening? The Second Great Awakening was a movement that began in 1790 and subsided in 1840s. The North become religiously devout during this era. The number of churches and church members grew especially in the Methodist and
Baptist denominations. One of the leaders of the movement named Charles Grandison Finney declared that he had converted so many souls in New York saying that it was a burned over district and no additional souls could be saved.
The revivals took place in the open air with regular camp meetings where hundreds of participants who would come together and pray in primitive conditions which was the beginning of Christianity. (Globalyceum, The Jacksonian Era: Dilemmas, Second Great Awakening Video).
9.
What are three key things you can say about President Andrew Jackson’s administration? 2
Andrew Jackson’s administration strongly supported Indian Removal, and that he opposed the Bank of the United States, and they made his presidency known as the Age of the Common Man. (Jacksonian Era).
10. What were three significant changes in American society from the end of the Revolution through the end of the Jackson administration? Three significant changes were expansion of voting rights for white men, industrialization, and growth of the market economy, and forced relocation of Native Americans. (Jacksonian Era).
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PART 2: Essay Questions (50 points)
Answer the following questions or prompts. For each you will need to answer the one
question assigned or you can choose from among two or three options. Some may seem broad but write a paragraph (using knowledge gained from the course) that addresses the prompt in some way. Aim to use at least three examples to support your answer. Reference your sources in the same manner as expected for the Essay Assignments.
1.
Answer this question:
a.
Did the Revolution bring radical change to the nation, or did it bring conservative change?
The Revolution brought radical changes because it had ideas like democracy. It introduced democracy by replacing monarchy. The separation of church and state was established, and abolitionist movements began to arise.
2.
Address this prompt:
a.
Explain what happened to slavery in the United States after 1790.
In 1790, there were roughly 900,000 slaves within the United States which then increased to 1.5 million. By 1861, almost 4 million slaves of the United States lived in the south. There was a high demand for cotton which increased slavery. (Globalyceum, What then is the America, this new man?).
3.
Answer your choice of one from these options:
a.
Did freedom expand for women during the four decades after the American Revolution?
b.
Did freedom expand for middle- or lower-class white men during the four
decades after the American Revolution?
The Revolution was supposed to shatter any notion between the wealthy and the middle and lower class. They were supposed to all be equal, where they could all become a property owner and accumulate wealth. Instead, white men could vote as property requirements for voting were reduced. (12:23 The Constitution and Impacts of the Revolution).
c.
Did freedom expand for African Americans during the four decades after the American Revolution?
4.
Address this prompt:
4
a.
Briefly discuss three examples that demonstrate America’s rapid growth in the early 19
th
century.
One example that demonstrates America’s rapid growth in the early 19
th
century include the transition to an industrial nation where the development of America’s first major industry includes the textile industry. A second example is changes in transportation like roads, steamboats, canals, and railroads. This connected Rural America to Urban America which made it easier to send goods to cities and manufacturing centers. A third example would be the expansion of slavery due to the high demand in cotton. (Expansion and the Market Revolution).
5.
Answer your choice of one from these options:
a.
Would it be accurate to say that American growth in the early 19
th
century benefitted white men and not others? Support your answer with
examples.
Land ownership expanded for white men but not for women, slaves, or Native Americans. For example, the Indian Removal Act of 1830 benefited white settlers. This allowed the government to force Native Americans off their lands, giving it to white settlers, Women couldn’t vote or own property, and slaves were considered property with no rights or freedom. (Jacksonian Era).
b.
Was the United States a divided nation or a unified nation from the end of the Revolution through the Jackson administration? Briefly discuss examples that support your answer.
c.
Did American growth from the end of the Revolution until the 1840s offer
freedom to most Americans, or did it infringe upon the freedom of most Americans? Support your answer with specific examples.
5