Essay 3 - HIST125N
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Pennsylvania State University *
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Course
125N
Subject
History
Date
Feb 20, 2024
Type
docx
Pages
5
Uploaded by hn101
Haley Dawson
Professor Hipkiss
HIST 125N
2 August 2023
Biological Terrorism
Question 1
Biological terrorism is an ever-growing concern today. With advances in technology, it has become easier for individuals or groups with malicious intent to obtain and use biological agents as weapons. The consequences of such attacks can be catastrophic, not only in terms of loss of life but also in terms of the economic and social impact they can have on a community or even an entire nation. The threat of biological terrorism is not just a hypothetical scenario. There have been several instances in recent history where biological agents have been used as weapons,
such as the anthrax attacks in the United States in 2001. These incidents serve as a reminder of the potential danger that biological terrorism poses (Newman, 2018).
The likelihood of wide-scale biological terrorism is unfortunately high. According to The
American Journal of Emergency Medicine, there were 33 terrorist attacks involving biological agents recorded between 1970 and 2019, registering 9 deaths and 806 injuries. with 21 events occurring in the United States…” With advances in biotechnology and the availability of information on the internet, it has become easier for individuals or groups to obtain the knowledge and materials needed to create and disseminate biological agents. Additionally, the potential impact of a biological attack is enormous, with the potential to cause widespread illness
and death.
While it is difficult to predict with certainty who would be most likely to use biological substances for terrorism, there are certain groups that may have a higher propensity for such actions. These include extremist organizations, rogue states, and individuals with access to the necessary materials and knowledge. There are multiple things that can be done to prevent biological attacks even though it is a
complex task that requires collaboration between governments, healthcare professionals, and the public. One of the most effective ways to prevent biological attacks is to invest in research and development of new vaccines and treatments. This will not only help in the event of an attack but
also in the case of a natural outbreak of a deadly disease. Another important aspect of preventing biological attacks is strengthening public health systems. This includes improving disease surveillance, laboratory capacity, and communication networks. By doing so, we can detect and respond to outbreaks quickly and effectively, reducing the likelihood of an attack.
Question 3
Local organizations play a critical role in ensuring the safety and security of their communities. I feel that my local organizations are not prepared enough for the event of an attack and could improve in certain areas. The areas where local organizations could improve their preparedness are in the realm of communication and training. It is critical that first responders and public officials are on the same page and working towards the same goals to ensure everyone’s safety. Also, with ongoing training local organizations can help ensure that their staff are equipped with the latest knowledge and techniques and are better able to adapt to changing circumstances. Research has shown that early detection and rapid response are crucial in minimizing the impact of a biological attack (Brantley et al., 2019). This requires not only investment in technology and infrastructure but also education and awareness among the public.
A community can take several steps to prepare for the possibility of a biological attack. First and foremost, the community can establish a plan of action in case an attack does occur. This plan should include procedures for communication, evacuation, and treatment of those who may be affected by the attack. It is also important to have emergency supplies such as food, water, and medical equipment readily available. Another key aspect of preparation is education. Members of the community should be informed of the potential risks and how to protect themselves in the event of an attack. This includes basic hygiene practices such as washing hands
frequently, avoiding contact with sick individuals, and staying home if feeling unwell. Additionally, training programs can be established to educate individuals on how to recognize and respond to a biological attack.
As an individual, there are several steps I can take to make your community safer in the event of a biological attack. First and foremost, I believe it is important for me to stay informed about potential threats and warning signs. This can include monitoring news sources, signing up for emergency alerts, and familiarizing myself with local emergency response plans. In addition, I can take steps to prepare my home and family for an emergency. This can include creating an emergency kit with essential supplies, such as food, water, and medical supplies, as well as developing a communication plan with loved ones. I may also consider volunteering with local organizations that focus on emergency preparedness and response.
In conclusion, it is imperative that we take the threat of biological attacks seriously and prepare accordingly. Local organizations must be adequately equipped and trained to respond in the event of an attack, and communities must work together to develop and implement effective response measures.
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References
Baydin, A., Erenler, A. K., Guzel, M. (2018, July). How Prepared Are We for Possible Bioterrorist Attacks: An Approach from Emergency Medicine Perspective. National Library of Medicine. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6076891/
Brantley, K. A., Burgiel, S. W., Burgos-Rodriguez, J., Kirkey, J., Reaser, J. K., & Veatch, S. D. (2019, December). The early detection of and rapid response (EDRR) to invasive species:
a conceptual framework and federal capacities assessment. Springer Link. 22, 1-19. https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s10530-019-02156-w
Ciottone, G. R., Sabeti, P., Tin, D. (2022, April). Bioterrorism: An analysis of biological agents used in terrorist events. The American Journal of Emergency Medicine. 54, 117-121. https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0735675722000602
Cohen, D., Franz, D. R., Green, M. S., LeDuc, J. (2018, October). Confronting the Threat of bioterrorism: realities, challenges, and defensive strategies. The Lancet: Infectious Diseases. 19(1), E2-E13. https://www.thelancet.com/journals/laninf/article/PIIS1473-
3099(18)30298-6/fulltext
Newman, T. (2018, February). Bioterrorism: Should we be worried? Medical News Today. https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/321030
U.S. Department of Homeland Security. (2021, November). Biological security. U.S. Department of Homeland Security. https://www.dhs.gov/topic/biological-security