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How have the theories of either Carl von Clausewitz or Antoine Henri Jomini (not both)
influenced warfare since 1815?
MAJ Jamie DeSpain
H100: History, Theory, Doctrine, and Practice
10 October 2023
QUESTION: How have the theories of either Carl von Clausewitz or Antoine Henri Jomini (not both) influenced warfare since 1815?
I.
Introduction
A.
Attention step: Antoine Henri Jomini’s theories on warfare influenced military thinking from the 19
th
century to the present day.
B.
Thesis: Jomini’s principles of war, emphasis on strategy, and combined arms doctrine provide a base for contemporary military thought. II.
The principles of war influenced three centuries of military strategic development. A.
Jomini’s principles provided guidance to military leaders in multiple wars and across the warfare spectrum to include naval warfare as exemplified by Alfred T. Mahan. B.
Numerous conflicts exemplify Jomini’s tenets and provide evidence of focused planning in terms of maneuver, mass, and economy of force.
C.
The United States, among other militaries, use Jomini’s principles as a basis for their warfare principles as indicated in Joint Publication 3-0, Joint Operations. III.
Jomini’s study and emphasis on strategy provided a foundation for military planners since the 19
th
century.
A.
Military strategy is aligned to national level purposes with clear, established objectives as a justification for employment of forces.
B.
Military planners in the American Civil War, World War I, and World War II, planned operations with an emphasis on strategies oriented toward specific goals.
C.
US military strategies are planned in support of national level strategies as outlined
in nested planning documents like the National Security Strategy. IV.
Jomini’s philosophy about combined arms operations influenced other nations to develop combined arms doctrine over time. A.
Jomini wrote extensively about using an army’s full capability in battle through integration of logistics, reconnaissance, and artillery.
B.
The US Army leverages full combat capability through studying, instructing, practicing, and employing a combined arms doctrine. V.
Conclusion: Antoine Henri Jomini’s theories influenced warfare from 1815 and continue to do so today. His principles of war, focus on strategy as the foundation of an operation, and ideas about combined arms operations significant influenced military thinking. His theories, while not perfect, laid the groundwork for use in numerous wars and shaped current military development. Continued study of his influence on warfare is critical for modern combat education and growth.
Bibliography
Department of the Army, CGSC, Blackboard, “H106,” Jomini: History, Theory, and Doctrine, (31-04) accessed October 8, 2023, https://cgsc.blackboard.com/bbcswebdav/pid-
1382986-dt-content-rid-23759439_1/institution/CGSC/AY21-22/ADL_PH2/Student/
H100/H106/interface/interface.html?unlock
. Department of the Army, Headquarters. Field Manual 3-0, Operations. Washington, DC: Army Publishing Directorate, 2022.
Department of Defense, The Joint Staff. Joint Publication 3-0, Joint Campaigns and Operations
.
Washington, DC: The Joint Staff Director for Operations (J-3), 2022.
Huber, Thomas M. “Jomini.” Fort Leavenworth, KS: US Army Command and General Staff College, 2022, 1-2. Excerpt reprinted in US Army Command and General Staff College, H100 Book of Readings
, 225-226. Fort Leavenworth, KS: USACGSC, July 1992. Jomini, Baron Antoine Henri. Summary of the Art of War
. Paris: Giguet et Michaud, 1805. Excerpt reprinted in US Army Command and General Staff College, H100 Book of Readings
, 227-259. Fort Leavenworth, KS: USACGSC, July 1992.
Paret, Peter, ed.
Makers of Modern Strategy: from Machiavelli to the Nuclear Age
. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 1986.
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