HIS 100 Module Four Activity 1
docx
keyboard_arrow_up
School
Southern New Hampshire University *
*We aren’t endorsed by this school
Course
100
Subject
History
Date
Feb 20, 2024
Type
docx
Pages
6
Uploaded by AgentSnail4082
HIS 100 Module Four Activity Locate an additional primary source relevant to your historical event. Use it and the primary source you identified in a previous module to answer the questions below. Replace the bracketed text with your responses.
Source One
Conduct source analysis on a primary source relevant to your historical event.
Attempt to write the APA-style citation for your first primary source and include a link to it. You
will not be penalized for incorrect format.
Summers, J., ( May 19, 2021
), Survivors of 1921 Tulsa Race Massacre Share Eyewitness Accounts
, All Things Considered, Shapiro Library, EBSCO, Survivors Of 1921 Tulsa Race Massacre Share Eyewitness Accounts: Multi-Search (snhu.edu)
Respond to the following questions:
Who authored or created the primary source?
o
Juana Summers with guest Viola Fletcher, Lessie Benningfield Randall, and Hughes Van Ellis.
What was the author’s position in society at the time the primary source was created?
o
Juana Summers was a radio journalist for NPR’s All Things Considered. She was
previously a political journalist covering the 2012, 2016, and 2020, presidential elections (npr, 2024).
When was the primary source created?
o
This radio transcript was created on May 19, 2021, at 1:13 pm.
Where was the primary source created, released, or publicized?
o
This radio transcript is from the live testimony of Viola Fletcher, Lessie Benningfield Randall, and Huges Van Ellis on Capitol Hill.
Who was the intended audience for the primary source?
o
The intended audience for this source was everyone, at the end of Hughes’s testimony, he put one finger up and said, we are all one (Summers, 2021).
Why was the primary source created?
o
This transcript was created to report the living testimony of the surviving members of the Tulsa race massacre and to seek justice for them.
Whose perspective(s) is presented in the source?
o
This transcript is presented from the perspective of Huges Van Ellis, Lessie Benningfield, and Viola Fletcher, the survivors of the Tulsa Race Massacre. 1
Source Two
Conduct a source analysis on a primary source relevant to your historical event.
Attempt to write the APA-style citation for your second primary source and include a link to it. You will not be penalized for incorrect format.
Gilles, N., ( May 31, 2018), Meet The Last Surviving Witness To The Tulsa Race Riot of 1921
, All Things Considered, National Public Radio, npr.org, witf, Meet The Last Surviving Witness To The Tulsa Race Riot Of 1921: Code Switch: NPR
Respond to the following questions:
Who authored or created the primary source?
o
Nellie Gilles was the reporter for this radio interview.
What was the author’s or creator’s position in society at the time the primary source was created?
o
Nellie Gilles is a radio producer of the show called Radio Diaries along with Joe Richman, Sarah Kramer, and edited by Deborah George and Ben Shapiro. The story of Olivia is the first story from the series called Last Witness which is about the last surviving witnesses of major historical events. It is a first-hand account of
the Tulsa race riot from the eyes of Olivia Hooker in her voice when she was 103 years old. Unfortunately, she died six months after this interview.
When was the primary source created?
o
This primary source was created on May 18, 2018, at 1 pm.
Where was the primary source created, released, or publicized?
o
This interview was created on the American networks WNYC and the National Public Radio or NPR (WNYC, 2024). It was heard on the radio series called Last Witness
on the show called All Things Considered
on May 31, 2018, at 1 PM. The interview is also on Radio Diaries.
Who was the intended audience for the primary source?
o
I believe this interview was intended for mature audiences to bring awareness about the Tulsa race massacre to the mainstream media. They wanted Olivia to tell her own story. They wanted people to know what happened to understand why the survivors were asking for reparations.
Why was the primary source created?
o
This interview was created to bring awareness about the Tulsa race massacre to the listeners of the show. This primary source was created to inform the public about the history of the Tulsa race riot from Olivia Hookers point of view. The show is a part of a series called Last Witness and it is aired on NPR’s All Things 2
Considered and it is about survivors of historical events. It is important to make it clear that this show is broadcast globally, and they have a large audience. This story is also on NPR’s Code Switch blog where people can read about the story and hear the interview.
Whose perspective(s) is presented in the source?
o
This primary source comes from the perspectives of Olivia Hooker, and Nellie Gillies. 3
Your preview ends here
Eager to read complete document? Join bartleby learn and gain access to the full version
- Access to all documents
- Unlimited textbook solutions
- 24/7 expert homework help
Both Sources
Analyze the primary sources relevant to your historical event for the presence of bias.
There are no clues present in any of my primary sources that would indicate bias within the radio
interviews. The survivors have given their honest accounts of the events that happened from their perspective. However, in the Blog connected to the interview reported by Summers, I noticed that she would bring up things like COVID and George Floyd. The Blog states that the country is currently grappling with systemic racism laid bare by the coronavirus pandemic and the killings of George Floyd and other Black people in encounters with law enforcement (Summers, 2021).
To try to compare the Tulsa massacre to COVID is a bit extreme. The Tulsa race massacre took place in Tulsa Oklahoma, and it was White people against Black people, according to both primary sources about 300 people died and about Ten thousand people were homeless. COVID started in one place and then it took over the world killing 3.4 million people (WHO, 2024). Such an extreme comparison of these two completely different situations is a detection of bias in my opinion. Compare how your historical event is represented in your primary sources.
The Tulsa massacre of 1921 is represented relatively differently by each of my primary sources. But they both represented the Tulsa massacre as a life-changing negative event that caused some type of trauma in the lives of all the survivors. My second source, the NPR radio report and blog
was about Olivia Hooker telling the events of the Tulsa race riots from her perspective. In the interview she stated, “It was a horrifying thing for a little girl who’s only six years old, my father's store was destroyed. There was nothing left but one big safe and it was so big they couldn't carry it away, so they had to leave it in the middle of the rubble” (Gilles, 2018). Olivia was able to move on with her life. She became the first African American woman to join the US Coast Guard, and she went on to earn her doctorate in psychology. She stated that she was able to do these things by keeping a positive perspective on the things that have happened to her (Gilles, 2018). My first primary source is by Juana Summers, and it is called, Survivors of 1921 Tulsa Race Massacre Share eyewitness accounts. It premiered on All Things Considered on May
19th, 2021. This is a radio interview and blog based on the eyewitness accounts and testimonies given on Capitol Hill by Viola Fletcher, her little brother Hughes Van Ellis, and Lessie Benningfield Randle. This situation is very different from Olivia’s situation. That is because Olivia's family left Tulsa and never came back. However, for these three survivors, their families
decided to stay in Tulsa to rebuild. Due to the choices that their families made, they were unable
to get the education or the justice that they feel is long overdue. In their testimony on Capital Hill, Van Ellis stated, We were made to feel that our struggle was unworthy of justice, that we were less than the whites, that we weren't fully Americans, we were shown that in the United States, not all men were equal under the law, we were shown that when Black voices called out for justice, no one cared"( Summers, 2021). They have had many unsuccessful attempts trying to receive justice from the courts to no avail. They are asking for reparations. They make it very clear that the Tulsa race massacre 4
has negatively affected their lives. Randle stated during the broadcast, “My opportunities were taken from me and my community, Black Tulsa is still messed up today they didn't rebuild it, it's empty, it's a ghetto,” (Summers,2018). In conclusion, because of the testimonies given on Capitol Hill and the radio interview of Olivia Hooker in 2018, it is my opinion that the Tulsa race massacre was represented as a serious negative event that economically, and mentally damaged the residents residing
in the Greenwood area inside of Tulsa Oklahoma. 5
References
Gilles, N., ( May 31, 2018), Meet The Last Surviving Witness To The Tulsa Race Riot of 1921
, All Things Considered, National Public Radio, npr.org, witf, Meet The Last Surviving Witness To The Tulsa Race Riot Of 1921: Code Switch: NPR
All Things Considered | WNYC | New York Public Radio, Podcasts, Live Streaming Radio, News
Summers, J., ( May 19, 2021
), Survivors of 1921 Tulsa Race Massacre Share Eyewitness Accounts
, All Things Considered, Shapiro Library, EBSCO, Survivors Of 1921 Tulsa Race Massacre Share Eyewitness Accounts: Multi-Search (snhu.edu)
WHO, (2024), The true death toll of COVID-19: estimating global excess mortality
, World Health Organization, who.int, The true death toll of COVID-19: estimating global excess mortality (who. int)
6
Your preview ends here
Eager to read complete document? Join bartleby learn and gain access to the full version
- Access to all documents
- Unlimited textbook solutions
- 24/7 expert homework help