Copy of Dustin Markus Geneveo - Ch 12 Questions_
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Chapter 12 questions and key terms, pgs 324-332
Define the following terms:
Putting-out-system -
A system where merchants deliver raw materials goods to rural areas. There the labors convert raw material into manufactured goods, merchants will then pay the laborers for how much manufactured goods they have produced. The finished goods are then marketed and sold by the merchants (331). Rhode Island system - In the early nineteenth century, a labor system was used in which a whole family was employed to work in a factory people (331).
Waltham system - The Waltham system was mostly used in New England, with owners of mills recruiting unmarried young daughters of farmers to work at a mill so they could earn money by doing piece work (332). 1.
Explain the significance of the Erie Canal. What impact did the development of the railroads have on the nation?
The creation and success of the Erie Canal in 1825 were able to reduce the shipping cost significantly by shortening the travel time. With the linkage of the eastern seaboard with the western market, it reduced the price of sending freight from Buffalo to New York by 90%, which led to more trade by the 1940s (254). The development of the railroads massively improved transportation and boosted trade. With the construction of railroads outward from seaboard cities to western market, it was able to boost interregional trade. However, the development of railroads also altered the sectional balance of North and South by, “Moving in the opposite direction, to the West, were northern-born settlers, manufactured goods, and cultural values that
increasingly unified the free states east of Mississippi into common economic cultural unit” (325).
2.
What two European countries immigrated to the United States and why between 1840-
1860?
Between 1840-1860 many people from Ireland and Germany came to the United States. A blight that wiped out their potato crops in 1845 and 1846 caused a massive influx of Irish immigrants to the United States. With Irish people having no food and suffering from a disease that killed 1 million Irish people, they went to the United States. Despite the low wages they earned because of their job, they still preferred the United States because at least there they
have food to eat (330). The political turmoil and poor harvest between 1840 and 1860 caused a massive influx of German immigrants to the United States (330).
3.
Define the differences and relationship between journeymen and apprentices. A journeyman is a person who works at the Mastercraftsman shop that already learned and knows their craft but is unable to establish their shop because of financial issues (331). On the other hand, an apprentice is a person who is most likely at their adolescent age; they were sent by their father to a Mastercraftsman shop to live there so they could learn and hone their crafts; this was conducted by a contract known as an indenture. An apprentice can be promoted to Journeyman when they hit their teenage years, and once they know enough of their crafts to be able to earn some income (331). 4.
Describe the typical life and experiences of a mid 1800s mill girl.
A mid 1800s mill girl typically lived in a, “company-owned boarding house that imposed curfews,
screened visitors, and mandated church attendance” (332). They also have to work “6 days a week from dawn to dusk for low wages” (332).
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