Quiz 1: Obesity Basics: HLTH644:

HLTH644_D02_202340 Quiz: Obesity Basics   Quiz: Obesity Basics Due Oct 29 at 11:59pm Points 75 Questions 30 Time Limit 90 Minutes Instructions Attempt History Attempt Time Score LATEST Attempt 1 58 minutes 72.5 out of 75  Correct answers are hidden. Score for this quiz: 72.5 out of 75 Submitted Oct 26 at 11:05am This attempt took 58 minutes. The quiz: Covers the Learn material from Module 1: Week 1. Contains 30 multiple-choice and true/false questions. Is limited to 1 hour and 30 minutes. Allows 1 attempt . Is worth 75 points . Submit this assignment by 11:59 p.m. (ET) on Sunday of Module 1: Week 1. 2.5 / 2.5 pts Question 1 Which country experienced a 90% increase in obesity prevalence between 2009 and 2019? (Boutari et al.) USA France China Mexico Turkey 2.5 / 2.5 pts Question 2 According to the World Health Organization, a BMI of ____kg/m2 is considered overweight, and a BMI of ____ kg/m2 is considered obese. (Boutari et al.) 15 ; 20 20 ; 25 25 ; 30 35 ; 40 2.5 / 2.5 pts Question 3 Compared to Caucasians, which population has higher health risks at a given BMI due to differences in fat distribution? (Boutari et al.) Asian African Western European Hispanic Native American Indian 2.5 / 2.5 pts Question 4 From a global perspective, what region or regions have the highest prevalence of obesity? (Boutari et al.) African American and Southeast Asian Scandinavian American and European Indian and European 2.5 / 2.5 pts Question 5 Which measurement most accurately re_ects fat distribution? (Boutari et al.) Weight Waist circumference BMI Waist-to-hip ratio 2.5 / 2.5 pts Question 6 Overweight and obese people have been disproportionately impaired by effects of the COVID- 19 pandemic. (Boutari et al.) True False 2.5 / 2.5 pts Question 7 From a regional perspective, which European country had the lowest rate of obesity prevalence? (Boutari et al.) Russia Turkey France Germany Italy 2.5 / 2.5 pts Question 8 What method should not be used as a reliable measure of body fat in children? (Kansra et al.) Skinfold thickness Weight Bioelectrical impedance DEXA Air displacement plethysmography 2.5 / 2.5 pts Question 9 Maternal nutrition during the prenatal and early postnatal period can increase a child’s risk of obesity through epigenetic changes. (Kansra et al.) True False 0 / 2.5 pts Question 10 Incorrect Incorrect According to Kansra et al., it is important to treat childhood obesity by focusing on ____ Friends and peers The family unit Obesity as an individual problem Junk food advertisements Teachers 2.5 / 2.5 pts Question 11 How could an increased ratio of Firmicutes to Bacteroidetes in the gut impact obesity? (Kansra et al.) Decreases energy extraction of calories from diet Increases energy extraction of calories from diet Neither increases nor decreases production of short-chain fatty acids Decreases intestinal permeability Inhibits release of in_ammatory factors 2.5 / 2.5 pts Question 12 Disrupted sleep is a contributing factor to childhood obesity. Which of the following is not associated with disrupted sleep-wake cycles? (Kansra et al.) Technology advancement Night-time access to electronic devices Increased day-time physical activity Increased time on electronic devices 2.5 / 2.5 pts Question 13 Which of the following conditions is associated with imbalance in the gut microbiome? (Kansra et al.) Type 2 diabetes Metabolic syndrome Eating disorders Anxiety and depression All of the above 2.5 / 2.5 pts Question 14 A rigid focus on caloric intake to manage obesity does not place a patient at higher risk of anorexia nervosa. (Kansra et al.) True False 2.5 / 2.5 pts Question 15 What medical problem is caused by obesity and obstructive sleep apnea in children and adolescents? (Kansra et al.) Oxidative stress In_ammation Metabolic dysfunction Increased cardiovascular risk in adulthood All of the above 2.5 / 2.5 pts Question 16 According to Kansra et al., which of the following is true regarding sugary beverages? Sugary beverages are associated with weight gain State-imposed tax on sugary beverages reduces sales of sugary beverages in that state State-imposed tax on sugary beverages leads to increased sales in neighboring states that did not implement the tax All of the above 2.5 / 2.5 pts Question 17 To prevent childhood obesity, what does Kansra et al. propose is needed in addition to behavioral and dietary recommendations? Tax on unhealthy foods Limited screen time Increased physical activity at schools and daycares Ban on advertisements of unhealthy foods to children All of the above 2.5 / 2.5 pts Question 18 Why is it essential for healthcare providers to screen for how weight loss was achieved in a formerly overweight/obese patient? (Kansra et al.) Provider may not recognize presence of disordered eating habits It is dincult to tell whether weight loss was achieved in a healthy manner Weight loss may appear a positive result but be caused by destructive behaviors All the above 2.5 / 2.5 pts Question 19 Polygenic obesity is caused by an interplay of genetic susceptibility and the environment. (Kansra et al.) True False 2.5 / 2.5 pts Question 20 Which of the following results from excessive weight gain in adolescent girls? (Kansra et al.) Irregular menstrual cycles Increased androgens Increased risk for PCOS Excessive body hair All of the above 2.5 / 2.5 pts Question 21 Dysbiosis of gut microbiota, particularly the role of short-chain fatty acids, has been linked with the pathophysiology of obesity. (Kansra et al.) True False 2.5 / 2.5 pts Question 22 Contestants from “The Biggest Loser” competition experienced persistent metabolic adaptation after their drastic weight loss, resulting in a signihcant slow resting metabolic rate. (Kansra et al.) True False 2.5 / 2.5 pts Question 23 Which of the following is not one of the intergenerational in_uences suggested as a driver of the obesity epidemic? (Mozaffarian, D.) Maternal-to-infant transmission of microbiome species In utero epigenetic changes caused by maternal stress, obesity, and poor diet Browning of adipose tissue Transmission of sperm or oocyte noncoding RNA 2.5 / 2.5 pts Question 24 Mozaffarian presents three alternate explanations as drivers of the obesity epidemic. Which of the following is NOT one of the alternate explanations offered? Interaction between quality of food consumed and gut microbiota Changes in the intrinsic metabolic expenditure in the US population over time Progressive increase in energy intake combined with physical activity decrease Intergenerational in_uences on obesity risk 2.5 / 2.5 pts Question 25 What resource or resources does the US primarily use to obtain food and nutrition-related data? (Mozaffarian, D.) NHANES CDC NHANES and the UN FAO FDA and USDA NHANES and USDA 2.5 / 2.5 pts Question 26 Controlled trials support which of the following approaches to reducing weight gain and obesity? (Mozaffarian, D.) Reduction of sugar-sweetened beverages Reduction of television watching Avoiding highly processed carbohydrates Increasing minimally processed foods All the above 2.5 / 2.5 pts Question 27 Maternal obesity and metabolism are linked to DNA methylation and to childhood obesity. (Mozaffarian, D.) True False 2.5 / 2.5 pts Question 28 Rigorously collected national data provide strong evidence for higher energy consumption as a driver of the obesity epidemic since 2000. (Mozaffarian, D.) True False 2.5 / 2.5 pts Question 29 What does the national data show about energy balance in Americans during and following the modern industrialization of food? (Mozaffarian, D.) Energy availability decreased from 1961-2000 Energy intake continued to increase after the year 2000 Obesity decreased after the year 2000 Physical activity decreased since the year 2000 Americans appear to be eating relatively less since the year 2000 2.5 / 2.5 pts Question 30 What is the main limitation of using 24-hr diet recalls as data for nutrition research? (Mozaffarian, D.) Persons collecting information are untrained in nutrition