MGT3OCD Week 2 Notes

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School

La Trobe University *

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3OCD

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Health Science

Date

Oct 30, 2023

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docx

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Uploaded by jimano

Understanding Change: Theories of Planned Change:  Lewin's Change Model  Action Research Model o The action research cycle o Contemporary adaptations to action research  The Positive Model Lewin's Change Model:  Change, for Lewin, is the result of forces that strive to maintain the status quo and forces that push for change  An early model of change developed by Lewin described change as a three- stage process: o The first stage he called ‘unfreezing’. It involved overcoming inertia and dismantling the existing ‘mind set’. o In the second stage the change occurs. This is typically a period of confusion and transition. o The third and final stage he called ‘freezing’. This is often now called ‘refreezing’ ( see p. 36 text) ACTION RESEARCH MODEL  This model is very popular in OD as a way of planning and implementing a change  In this model, the planned change is seen as a cyclical process where action is guided by preliminary research about the development needs of the organisation  Feedback loops allow it to be an iterative process between gathering information, making changes and then gathering more information

CONTEMPORARY ADAPTATIONS TO ACTION RESEARCH  Moving from smaller subunits to total systems and communities: more complex and multiple stakeholders  Being applied internationally: needing to find its ‘cultural ‘fit’  Being applied to achieve positive social change: community development and global social change movements THE POSITIVE MODEL  Fundamentally different to Lewin’s theory of change and the action research model  Rather than focus on what is NOT working, it focuses on what IS working  Uses an approach known as Appreciative Inquiry (AI)  Everyone is involved in creating the ‘positive vision’ and so is more motivated to be committed to making the change happen

COMPARISONS OF CHANGE MODELS  Similarities  Change is preceded by diagnosis or preparation  All involve organisation members in the change process  All have an evaluation at the end of each process  Differences  The role of the OD specialist  Fixing problems versus building on strengths approaches GENERAL MODEL OF PLANNED CHANGE GENERAL MODEL OF PLANNED CHANGE (CONT.)  Entering and contracting  Diagnosing  Planning and implementing  Evaluating and institutionalising TYPICAL SEQUENCE OF PLANNED CHANGE  Entering, contracting and diagnosing:  The problem, issue or strength is identified  Organisation makes commitment of time and resources  Role of OD practitioner is clarified  Data is gathered  Planning and implementing:  Agreeing on an approach to the agreed change  Planning the process  Motivating and sustaining the process to achieve the change  Evaluating and institutionalising:  Determining success and limitations of the change  Embedding change through feedback, training, and rewards DIFFERENT TYPES OF PLANNED CHANGE  Magnitude of change  Incremental  Quantum  Degree of organisation  Over-organised  Under-organised

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 Domestic versus international settings Y ou need to ask only two questions: What is the size of the change? And who will be significantly impacted by the change? CRITIQUES OF PLANNED CHANGE  In conceptualisation  Limits to our knowledge about how to change behaviour  Context is an important variable and current models are limited in adapting to context  Change is not linear or rational – emergent conditions make planned change chaotic  Evaluation methods are imprecise  In practice  Limitations in OD practitioner skill  Failure in diagnosis  Unrealistic expectations within the organisation THE PROCESS STRATEGY MODEL OF CHANGE FOUR TYPES OF PROCESS CHANGE STRATEGY  Depending on the mix of the scale of change and the style of management needed, Dunphy and Stace identify the following: a. Participative evolution b. Charismatic transformation c. Forced evolution d. Dictatorial transformation SUMMARY  Theories of planned change: a. Lewin’s action research model b. Action research model and its adaptations c. The positive model d. Comparisons of the planned change models.  General model of planned change:

 Evaluating, diagnosing, planning and implementing, evaluating and institutionalising.  Different types of planned change:  Magnitude, degree of organisation and location.  Critiques of planned change:  In conceptualisation and practice.  The Process Strategy Model of Change.