Assessment 3 NHS-FPX4000

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Capella University *

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4000

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Health Science

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Feb 20, 2024

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1 Applying Ethical Principles Samantha Black Capella University NHS-FXP4000: Developing a Healthcare Perspective Danielle Koman September 23, 2023

2 Applying Ethical Principles As a nurse, you’ll face circumstances that may or may not align with your personal beliefs and will need to use ethical principles to help guide decision-making. The four ethical principles of healthcare are autonomy, non-maleficence, beneficence, and justice. These ethical principles are widely used in healthcare to guide medical professionals in tough situations. Overview of Case Summary The case study I have chosen for this essay is, “To Vaccinate, or Not?” Jenna and Chris Smith are the new parents of Ana a 5-day-old daughter who they’ve opted to raise completely natural from exclusively breastfeeding to not vaccinating. After extensive research by the Smiths, they’ve opted out of vaccinations as the potential problems outweigh the benefits. They’re concerned that if they vaccinate Ana it can lead to increased chances of her getting Autism. They’re pediatrician Dr. Kerr listens to their reasonings on why they’ve opted out of vaccinations and attempts to explain the efficacy of vaccines and the safety measures taken to ensure the vaccines can be safely administered. Dr. Kerr disputes claims that vaccines cause autism and gives the parents reputable websites explaining the vaccines Ana will need. She then goes on to explain to them about herd immunity and that some children are not candidates to receive vaccines due to other health conditions so healthy children are encouraged to get them to increase herd immunity and keep these communicable diseases at bay. Although they verbalized an understanding of the information Dr. Kerr had given them the Smiths had still chosen not to vaccinate Ana (Capella, 2023). Analysis of Ethical Issues in the Case Study

3 In this case study Dr. Kerr attempted to completely educate the Smiths in hopes that they would change their minds about vaccinating Ana , as she believes in the safety and efficacy of vaccinations. However, the Smiths believe that they did thorough research that contradicts the education provided by Dr. Kerr and want to protect Ana in the best way they know how. Although Dr. Kerr disagrees with their decision , she must uphold and respect Smith’s decision due to autonomy. The dilemma in this decision is that not vaccinating Ana not only puts her health and safety at risk but also puts everyone around her at risk of getting these communicable diseases that have since been eradicated with vaccines. Using the Ethical Decision-Making Model to Analyze the Case Study Moral awareness, moral judgment, and ethical behavior are the three components of the ethical decision model tool we can use to analyze the ethical issue in this scenario. Moral awareness is Dr. Kerr recognizing Ana’s vaccination status as an ethical dilemma. Moral judgment is assessed on personal beliefs and life experiences. Dr. Kerr's moral judgment is based on the science behind vaccine safety and efficacy. Moral awareness and judgment then lead to ethical behavior in which we have to choose what is the right thing to do for the ethical dilemma. What is right for one person may not be the right thing to do for someone else. In this situation, Dr. Kerr’s ethical behavior was that she gave Ana’s parents all the information , including the risks involved with not vaccinating Ana, and resources including the Vaccine Adverse Event Reporting System (VAERS) website , needed to make an informed decision. Effectiveness of Communication Approaches in the Case Study Throughout this case study the Smiths and Dr. Kerr discussed their take on vaccines. Dr. Kerr listened to the Smiths while they discussed their concerns. After the Smiths were finished

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4 Dr. Kerr addressed their concerns and then backed up her stance on vaccines with information that they could use to do further research. Listening to your patients and maintaining a non- judgmental attitude is crucial to effective communication within healthcare. Resolving Ethical Dilemmas in the Case Study Vaccine hesitancy continues to be a complex issue in public health despite the evidence of safety and efficacy surrounding childhood vaccines. According to the World Health Organization/United Nations Children's Fund (WHO/UNICEF) Joint Reporting Form, the three main reasons for vaccine hesitancy are fear of adverse events related to vaccines, religious beliefs, conspiratorial theories, and misinformation about vaccines (Essoh et al., 2023). Essoh et al., (2023) concluded that using mainstream and social media and vaccine champions could help to reduce vaccine hesitancy. Conclusion It’s not always clear which way to go with an ethical dilemma but by utilizing healthcare ethics the decision-making tool and proper listening techniques we can make informed decisions with our patients. In this case study, Dr. Kerr must decide on whether to respect the Smiths decision not to vaccinate, to continue pushing them to vaccinate, or whether or not she will continue to be their provider. This case study requires Dr. Kerr to examine autonomy, beneficence, and justice to decide the best action for her patient.

5 REFERENCES Essoh, T.-A., Adeyanju, G. C., Adamu, A. A., Tall, H., Aplogan, A., & Tabu, C. (2023). Exploring the factors contributing to low vaccination uptake for nationally recommended routine childhood and adolescent vaccines in Kenya. BMC Public Health , 23 (1). https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-023-15855-w Capella University (2023). NHS-FPX4000 To Vaccinate, or Not? Ethical Case Study. Capella Website: xxx.

Assessment 3 NHS-FPX4000

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