Kristin Bautista-Task 7_Influence of Fluid Intake on Urine Formation _8.26.23
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California State University, Long Beach *
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Course
D075
Subject
Health Science
Date
Feb 20, 2024
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3
Uploaded by kbautista09
Laboratory Report
LABORATORY REPORT
Activity:
Influence of Fluid Intake on Urine Formation
Name:
Kristin Bautista
Instructor:
Kim Shahi
Date:
08.26.2023
Predictions
1. Urine output will be highest during
water loading
2. Urine osmolarity will be highest during
dehydration
3. Plasma osmolarity
increases with dehydration
Materials and Methods
1. Dependent Variable
urine and plasma values
2. Independent Variable
fluid intake
3. Controlled Variables
room temperature, age, gender, and weight
4. Subjects were asked to refrain from alcohol and caffeine for a day before the start of the experiment. Explain why this is important.
Coffee and alcohol are diuretics that influence blood tests and increase urine output.
5. What technique was used to measure urine and plasma osmolarity?
The osmometer was used to test the osmolarity of plasma and urine.
Results
Table 3. Urine Production Rate
Normal
Dehydrated
Water loaded
30 min (mL)
L/day
30 min (mL)
L/day
30 min (mL)
L/day
Subj. 1
38.8
1.9
14.9
0.7
144.4
6.9
Subj. 2
42.3
2.0
13.7
0.7
145.7
7.0
Subj. 3
45.4
2.2
15.6
0.7
160.5
7.7
Average
1.9
0.7
7.2
Graph 1. Average Daily Urine Production Under Different Hydration States
L/day
0
2
4
6
8
10
1
2
3
1. Normal
2. Dehydrated
3. Water Loaded
Laboratory Report/ Kristin Bautista/ Influence of Fluid Intake on Urine Formation/ Kim Shahi/ 08.26.2023/ Page [1] of [3]
Laboratory Report
1. Does dehydration increase, decrease, or not change average urine production rate (L/day).
Dehydration decreased urine production.
2. Does water loading increase, decrease, or not affect average urine production rate (L/day).
Water loading increased urine production
Table 4. Osmolarity (mosm/L)
Urine
Plasma
Normal
Dehydrated
Water Loaded
Normal
Dehydrated
Water Loaded
Subj. 1
580.1
1192.6
152.3
300.3
306.5
287.5
Subj. 2
620.3
1194
178.7
300.6
292.9
275.8
Subj. 3
596.9
1150.6
226.5
300
300.5
280.8
Average
599.1
1179.1
185.8
300.3
300.0
281.4
Graph 2. Blood Plasma and Urine Osmolarity Under Different Hydration States
L/day
0
300
600
900
1200
1500
1
2
3
Urine
Plasma
1. Normal
2. Dehydrated
3. Water Loaded
3. Does dehydration increase, decrease, or not change average urine osmolarity (mosm/L)?
Dehydration increased urine osmorality.
4. Does water loading increase, decrease, or not change average urine osmolarity (mosm/L)?
Water loading decreased urine osmolarity.
5. Does dehydration increase, decrease, or not change average plasma osmolarity (mosm/L)?
Dehydration decreased plasma osmolarity.
6. Does water loading increase, decrease, or not change average plasma osmolarity (mosm/L)?
Water loading increased plasma osmolarity.
Discussion
1. State whether dehydration results in production of a concentrated or dilute urine.
The results in dehydration is concentrated urine.
2. State whether water loading results in production of concentrated or dilute urine.
The results in water loading is diluted urine.
3. Describe how ADH secretion during dehydration changes urine production and osmolarity.
The body regulates osmolality naturally. ADH signals the kidneys to retain water when levels increase, resulting in more concentrated urine. ADH production decreases when levels decrease, leading to more diluted blood and urine. Osmoreceptors in the hypothalamus regulate ADH secretion and thirst.
4. Describe how ADH secretion during water loading changes urine production and osmolarity.
When we drink a lot of water, plasma osmolality drops, preventing ADH release. This reduces water absorption by the collecting tubules, resulting in less concentrated urine. ADH secretion during water loading releases more water and reduces consumption. This lowers osmolarity. Drinking a lot of water reduces the desire to hold onto fluids. Our collecting duct and late are less exposed to water since less ADH is generated. This increases urination and decreases osmolarity.
Laboratory Report/ Kristin Bautista/ Influence of Fluid Intake on Urine Formation/ Kim Shahi/ 08.26.2023/ Page [2] of [3]
Laboratory Report
5. Describe how ADH secretion maintains plasma osmolarity levels during dehydration and water loading.
The body needs ADH to control plasma osmolarity and maintain fluid balance. Dehydration or low plasma volume release ADH, which helps reabsorption. Due to water consumption, plasma volume increases, suppressing ADH release.
6. Explain why in this experiment you did not see significant changes in plasma osmolarity during dehydration or water loading.
The concentration and dilution of water did not result in any noticeable alterations in plasma osmolarity. When the body lacks sufficient water, it produces ADH which helps to reabsorb water and decrease the concentration of particles in the blood.
7. Discuss why maintaining plasma osmolarity within normal limits is important.
In order for cells to function properly, it is important to maintain the osmolarity of blood plasma. When blood plasma is hypertonic, meaning it has more solutes outside the cell than within, it can disrupt physiological processes and hinder proper function. Highly different osmolarities can even cause cells to die. To promote proper osmolarity, high blood osmolality can trigger the production of ADH, which improves water reabsorption, urine concentration, and plasma concentration.
8. Restate your predictions that were correct and give the data from your experiment that supports them. Restate your predictions that were not correct and correct them, giving the data from your experiment that supports the correction.
Dehydration increased urine osmolarity and dehydration decreased plasma osmolarity are correct. Water loading increased plasma osmolarity. Water loading decreased urine osmolarity. If the water loading decreases, ADH release is held and it decreases reabsorption of water and dilutes excess water. The urine osmolarity in water loading decreased which holds the ADH release but causes the kidneys to retain more water and excrete concentrated urine. Therefore, the predictions are correct.
Application
1. Drinking alcoholic or caffeinated beverages increases urine output more than drinking an equivalent amount of water.
a. How do you think these beverages affect ADH secretion?
ADH which regulates the balance of water in the body and prevents excessive urine production. Drinking caffeine and alcohol can increase urine production and can hinder the production of this hormone by stimulating certain areas in the brain that control ADH. Excessive caffeine intake can also result in dehydration and increased urine production. Alcohol also inhibits the production of ADH, leading to increased fluid secretion and more frequent trips to the bathroom. Coffee has a similar effect
b. Would urine osmolarity be increased or decreased?
It would decrease osmolarity due to execessive fluid intake.
2. Explain why someone with diabetes insipidus must drink more water than normal.
Diabetes Insipidus symptoms are polydipsia and polyuria. This condition is caused by a dysfunction in the production ADH. This affects the kidneys' ability to retain water. Diuretics increase urine production, which may be helpful for individuals with conditions like diabetes insipidus.
3. Explain what happens to plasma osmolarity when you give a severely dehydrated person large amounts of pure water.
When dehydrated, the body tries to hold onto ions. Breathing, urinating, and cell absorption cause ion loss. Water can decrease plasma osmolarity. To treat dehydration, drink more water, restore salt levels, and stop nitrogenous waste production. This allows cells, extracellular fluid, and plasma volume to recover, and the kidneys can restore balance.
Laboratory Report/ Kristin Bautista/ Influence of Fluid Intake on Urine Formation/ Kim Shahi/ 08.26.2023/ Page [3] of [3]
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