Kristin_Bautista_pp_lab_report_cardiac_8.20.23
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California State University, Long Beach *
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Course
D075
Subject
Health Science
Date
Feb 20, 2024
Type
Pages
5
Uploaded by kbautista09
Laboratory Report
LABORATORY REPORT
Activity:
Effect of Exercise on Cardiac Output
Name:
Kristin Bautista
Instructor:
Kim Shahi
Date:
08.20.2023
Predictions
1. During exercise
HR will increase
2. During exercise
SV will increase
3. During exercise
CO will increase
Materials and Methods
1. Dependent Variable
EDV, ESV, and cardiac cycle length
2. Independent Variable
level of physical activity (resting or exercise)
3. Controlled Variables
age, weight, height, health, gender
4. What instrument was used to measure cardiac volumes?
MRI was used to measure cardiac volumes. It generated in detail pictures of the body organs and tissues.
5. Does the instrument used to measure cardiac volume use X-Rays? Explain.
No. MRI measures cardiac volum because it produces a detailed view of the anatomical structures and tissues.
Results
Table 2: Resting and Exercising Cardiac Cycle Length, EDV, and ESV
Resting Values
Exercising Values
Cardiac cycle length (msec)
EDV (mL)
ESV (mL)
Cardiac cycle length (msec)
EDV (mL)
ESV (mL)
Subject 1
825
141
73
390
139
31
Subject 2
826
136
72
400
141
34
Subject 3
816
136
73
414
140
35
Averages
138
73
140
33
Laboratory Report/ Kristin Bautista/ Effect of Exercise on Cardiac Output/ Kim Shahi/ 08.20.2023/ Page [1] of [5]
Laboratory Report
Resting and Exercising HR and EDV
Strokes/min
0
90
180
270
360
450
1
Resting Values
Exercising Values
1. HR
mL
0
30
60
90
120
150
1
Resting Values
Exercising Values
1. EDV
1. Resting and exercising cardiac cycle length
a. What was the average resting cardiac cycle length?
The average resting cardiac cycle lenght is 822.
b. What was the average exercising cardiac cycle length?
The average exercising cardiac cycle length is 401.
c. The range of normal resting cardiac cycle length is between 818 and 858 ms. Did average cardiac cycle length increase, decrease, or not change with exercise?
The average cardiac cycle decreased.
2. Resting and exercising EDV
a. What was the average resting EDV?
The average resting EDV is 138.
b. What was the average exercising EDV?
The average exercising EDV is 140.
c. The range of normal resting EDV is between 135 and 145 ml for these subjects. Did average EDV increase, decrease, or not change with exercise?
The average EDV lenght is increased.
3. Resting and exercising ESV
a. What was the average resting ESV?
The average resting ESV is 73.
b. What was the average exercising ESV?
The average exercising ESV is 33.
c. The range of normal resting ESV is between 65 and 75 for these subjects. Did average ESV increase, decrease, or not change with exercise?
Laboratory Report/ Kristin Bautista/ Effect of Exercise on Cardiac Output/ Kim Shahi/ 08.20.2023/ Page [2] of [5]
Laboratory Report
The average ESV with exercise deceased.
Table 3: Resting and Exercising HR, SV and CO
Resting Values
Exercising Values
HR (strokes per second)
SV (mL)
SV (L)
CO
HR (strokes per second)
SV (mL)
SV (L)
CO
Subject 1
73
68
0.068
5.0
154
108
0.108
16.6
Subject 2
73
64
0.064
4.7
150
107
0.107
16.1
Subject 3
74
63
0.063
4.7
145
105
0.105
15.2
Averages
73
0.065
4.8
150
0.107
16.0
Resting and Exercising SV and CO
mL
0
20
40
60
80
100
1
Resting Values
Exercising Values
1. ESV
L
0
0.04
0.08
0.12
0.16
0.2
1
Resting Values
Exercising Values
1. SV
L/min
0
8
16
24
32
40
1
Resting Values
Exercising Values
1. CO
4. Resting and exercising HR
a. What was the average resting HR?
The average resting HR is 73.
b. What was the average exercising HR?
The averageexercising HR is 150.
c. The range of normal resting HR is between 70 and 73 beats per minute for these subjects. Did average HR increase, decrease, or not change with exercise?
Laboratory Report/ Kristin Bautista/ Effect of Exercise on Cardiac Output/ Kim Shahi/ 08.20.2023/ Page [3] of [5]
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Laboratory Report
The average HR increased with exercise.
5. Resting and exercising SV
a. What was the average resting SV?
The average resting SV is 65.
b. What was the average exercising SV?
The average exercising is 106.
c. The range of normal resting SV is between 60 and 80 ml for these subjects. Did average SV increase, decrease, or not change with exercise?
The average SV increased with exercise.
6. Resting and exercising CO
a. What was the average resting CO?
The average resting is 4.8.
b. What was the average exercising CO?
The average exercising is 16.0.
c. The range of normal resting CO is between 4.2 L per minute and 5.84 L for these subjects. Did average CO increase, decrease, or not change with exercise?
The average CO with exercise increased.
Discussion
1. What caused the change in HR with exercise?
When working out, the muscles pump out blood to get rid of stress and make the body stronger. The heart rate changes because the muscles got more fresh blood. The HR goes up when working out because the body moves faster, the heart pumps out more fresh blood. During hemeostasis, the muscle increases the amount of carbon dioxide and waste that are taken out and back for refill.
2. Discuss the effect of venous return and heart rate on exercise EDV.
When the blood returns to the heart, the muscle fibers stretches, increasing EDV. When the heart rate decreases filling time and EDV, the heart beats rapidly, preventing blood to fill up during diastole, lowering EDV. The EDV dropping may lower cardiac output affecting body functions.
3. What caused the change in ESV volume with exercise?
Working out requires more oxygen and nutrients for energy. The heart pumps out more blood to supply with nutrients to the body and organs. This decreases EDV improving blood flow and cardiac output. Exercising make the heart work harder than normal. It activates the sympathetic nervous system making the heart contract much harder and faster. This contraction lowers ESV and helps the heart keep up the physical activity.
4. Why did SV change with exercise?
Exercising increases SV since there is more blood that is being ejected from the heart. It causes your heart to beat faster so that more blood can be pumped into your body, increasing SV.
5. Discuss the importance of the change in CO with exercise?
When we exercise, our heart beats faster to provide more oxygen to our muscles. Cardiac output will increase because it helps the entire body and muscles to get enough oxygen and blood. The SV and HR increase. They work together to pump out more blood to the body.
6. Restate your predictions that were correct and give data from your experiment that support them. Restate your predictions that were not correct and correct them, giving supporting data from your experiment that supports your corrections.
Based on my observation, it appears that exercising leads to increase the HR, SV and CO. I predict that HR increases because the sympathetic nerve is stimulated, requiring the muscles to receive more oxygenated blood to work and remove waste resulting in an increase in HR. The SV incrases as the ventricles pump out more blood into the aorta and pulmonary arteries. CO increases because of the effects of HR and SV in the body.
Application
Laboratory Report/ Kristin Bautista/ Effect of Exercise on Cardiac Output/ Kim Shahi/ 08.20.2023/ Page [4] of [5]
Laboratory Report
1. We measured the stroke volume of the left ventricle. What was the average stroke volume of the right ventricle at rest and after exercise?
During rest, the average SV of the right ventricle is 65 ml. The volume increases to the average 105 ml with exercising. The ventricles each have a stroke volume, which is the amount of blood they pump out with each heart beat. Typically, both ventricles have an equal stroke volume. This means that the right ventricle pumps out the same amount of blood as the left ventricle during rest and activity.
2. Assume that for one beat, the stroke volume of the left ventricle is greater than that of the right ventricle. Explain why in a normal heart this would be corrected on the next beat.
The left ventricle pumps out more blood when it expands. This ensures the heart is working and meeting the body needs. If the left ventricle pumps out more blood than the right, the heart will let more blood in to meet the demands of the body. This is essential to the heart function. The heart balances blood levels in both ventricles when the heart beats.
3. Explain why elite athletes have a lower than normal heart rate, yet have a higher than normal ability to increase cardiac output.
The heart of athletes can imnprove performance by increasing blood volume and supplying oxygen to the muscles. Exercise strengthens the heart muscles, lowering their resting heart rates. It promotes muscle oxygenation and blood flow. Other muscles help pump out blood to the heart during an exercise making it work harder. The large veins fill with blood when the larger muscles relax. Athletes with stronger heart muscles pump more blood every heart beat, lowering the heart rate.
Laboratory Report/ Kristin Bautista/ Effect of Exercise on Cardiac Output/ Kim Shahi/ 08.20.2023/ Page [5] of [5]