Kristin Bautista-Task 6_Respiratory Volume _8.26.23

Laboratory Report LABORATORY REPORT Activity: Respiratory Volumes Name: Kristin Bautista Instructor: Kim Shahi Date: 08.26.2023 Predictions 1. During exercise TV will increase 2. During exercise IRV will decrease 3. During exercise ERV will decrease 4. During exercise VC will not change 5. During exercise TLC will not change Materials and Methods 1. Dependent Variable respiratory volumes 2. Independent Variable level of physical activity [resting or exercising] 3. Controlled Variables sex, age, height 4. Which respiratory volume was calculated? Tidal Volume (TV), Inspiratory reserve volume (IRV), Expiratory reserve volume (ERV), Residual volume (RV) and Breathing Rate. 5. What was the purpose of the nose clip? When using a Spirometery, the purpose of the nose clip is to inhale the full lung volume and capacity when you inhale and exhale. Results Table 2: Average Breathing Rates and Lung Volumes Resting Values Exercising Values Breathing Rate TV(L) ERV(L) IRV(L) RV(L) Breathing Rate TV(L) ERV(L) IRV(L) RV(L) Subject1 12.6 0.5 1.3 2.3 1.6 27.4 1.6 0.6 1.8 1.6 Subject2 10.3 0.5 1.4 2.1 1.6 27.9 1.7 0.7 2.0 1.6 Subject3 11.9 0.4 1.4 2.1 1.6 26.5 1.7 0.7 1.9 1.6 Averages 11.6 0.5 1.4 2.2 1.6 27.3 1.7 0.7 1.9 1.6 Laboratory Report/ Kristin Bautista/ Respiratory Volumes/ Kim Shahi/ 08.26.2023/ Page [1] of [4]

Laboratory Report Comparison of Resting and Exercising Lung Volumes and Breathing Rate L 0 0.6 1.2 1.8 2.4 3 1 2 3 4 Resting Values Exercising Values 1. TV 2. ERV 3. IRV 4. RV L 0 6 12 18 24 30 1 Resting Values Exercising Values 1. Breathing Rate 1. Did the breathing rate increase, decrease, or not change with exercise? Increased 2. Did the tidal volume increase, decrease, or not change with exercise? Increased 3. Did the expiratory reserve volume increase, decrease, or not change with exercise? Decreased 4. Did the inspiratory reserve volume increase, decrease, or not change with exercise? Decreased 5. Did the inspiratory capacity increase, decrease, or not change with exercise? Increased 6. Did the functional residual capacity increase, decrease, or not change with exercise? Decreased 7. Did the minute ventilation increase, decrease, or not change with exercise? Slightly decreased. Table 3: Lung Capacities and Minute Ventilation Resting Values Exercising Values IC(L) FRC(L) VC(L) TLC(L) Minute Ventilation (L) IC(L) FRC(L) VC(L) TLC(L) Minute Ventilation (L) Subject1 2.8 2.9 4.1 5.7 6.3 3.4 2.2 4.0 5.6 43.8 Subject2 2.6 3.0 4.0 5.6 5.2 3.7 2.3 4.4 6.0 47.4 Subject3 2.5 3.0 3.9 5.5 4.8 3.6 2.3 4.3 5.9 45.0 Averages 2.6 3.0 4.0 5.6 5.4 3.6 2.3 4.2 5.8 45.4 Laboratory Report/ Kristin Bautista/ Respiratory Volumes/ Kim Shahi/ 08.26.2023/ Page [2] of [4]

Laboratory Report The diaphragm and rib-side muscles are employed during regular inspiration. Use more muscles to breathe deeper and descends toward the abdomen when closed. The expansion of the lungs allows raising of the ribs through the contraction of the external intercostal muscles. The pleural fluid sticks to the lungs and expand as the thoracic cavity stretches. This volume increase decreases alveolar pressure, making it lower than body pressure. This pressure differential drives air into the lungs. 9. Explain the importance of the change in minute ventilation with exercise. Minute ventilation increases during exercise, requiring an increase in breathing to meet oxygen requirements. The muscle oxygen use and the carbon dioxide increases breathing volume. Rigorous exercises increase the minute ventilation and unequal oxygen intake but not the carbon dioxide. It removes the carbon dioxide instead of taking in oxygen. 10. Restate your predictions that were correct and give data from your experiment that support them. Restate your predictions that were not correct and correct them with supporting data from your experiment. The only one that I feel that needs to be corrected is the ERV. ERV should increase with exercise in a healthy subject. After a typical tidal volume exhalation, the ERV is the forceful exhalation volume. Exercise raises the ERV, allowing more air to be breathed and exhaled each second. This is important for establishing if someone can breathe enough oxygen for proper bodily function. If ERV is reduced, there is a possibility of an underlying medical condition such as obesity or fluid in the sto Application 1. During strenuous exercise, TV plateaus at about 60% of VC but minute ventilation continues to increase. Explain how that would occur When you exercise, your breathing increases to take in more oxygen and release more carbon dioxide. Your lungs expand when you inhale and release carbon dioxide when you exhale. Your body maintains consistent pressure during respiration, but during exercise, your respiratory rate increases to meet the body's needs for more oxygen. This boost is necessary to support oxygen consumption and carbon dioxide buildup during physical activity. 2. Emphysema causes alveolar dilation and destruction of alveolar walls which causes an increase in residual volume with air that cannot be exhaled. Assuming that an individual's TLC does not change, explain why a person with developing emphysema is not short of breath while resting, but becomes short of breath after climbing a flight of stairs. Emphysema destroys alveolar walls, reducing blood oxygen. Extra air in the lungs blocks new air. Emphysema patients should rest between stairs. Shortness of breath occurs when their bodies cannot fulfill increasing oxygen demands during exercise. Even when exercising, their compromised walls cannot supply enough oxygen to their lungs. As a result, the respiratory rate increases to suck in more oxygen, but the body has adjusted to low oxygen levels during rest, lowering energy. Laboratory Report/ Kristin Bautista/ Respiratory Volumes/ Kim Shahi/ 08.26.2023/ Page [4] of [4]