Diploma of Nursing
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U.E.T Taxila *
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6552
Subject
Health Science
Date
Nov 24, 2024
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docx
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Question 13
Outline five (5) potential health issues that may relate to her environment and socio-
cultural background.
Here are five potential health issues:
1.
Respiratory Diseases Issues:
People may be at risk of acquiring respiratory problems like
asthma, chronic bronchitis, or other respiratory ailments if they live in places with high levels
of indoor allergens or air pollution.
2.
Circulatory Diseases:
This elements, including nutrition and lifestyle decisions, might raise
the risk of cardiac diseases such hypertension, heart disease, and stroke.
3.
Psychological Disorders:
Society and cultural issues, such as the negative perceptions
associated with mental illness or trauma exposure, can have an effect on a person's mental
health and contribute to disorders like post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), anxiety, or
depression.
4. Nutritional Deficiencies:
People from certain sociocultural backgrounds might not have as
much access to nutrient-rich foods, which could result in a lack of important vitamins and
minerals, which can have a variety of negative health effects.
5. Bacterial Diseases:
Climate variables, particularly in places with poor sanitation and
healthcare facilities, might affect the prevalence of infectious diseases, such as waterborne
illnesses or vector-borne infections.
Question 14
Based on the potential health issues identified in question 13,
a) determine three (3) health goals for Maali
b) provide one (1) intervention for each health goal, and
c) Outline members of the MDT who can assist Maali, and what support they could offer.
a) determine three (3) health goals for Maali
1. Establish and Sustain a Balanced Weight
: Getting overweight or obese enhances your
chance of developing a variety of health problems, including as coronary heart disease, high
blood pressure, type 2 diabetes, some types of cancer, and more. On the other hand, being
underweight has its own set of health hazards. As a result, achieving and maintaining a
healthy weight might be a key health objective.
2. Consistent Practical Activity:
Making a commitment to engage in physical activity on the
majority of days of the week can help lower the risk of developing chronic diseases, enhance
balance and coordination, support healthy weight maintenance, and enhance general
wellbeing.
3.
Healthy Living Eating:
Maintaining a nutritious, well-balanced diet can be another
significant health objective. This entails increasing your intake of fresh produce, whole grains,
lean proteins, healthy fats, and lean proteins while reducing your consumption of refined
products, high-sugar foods, and fats that are not healthy.
Remember that you should develop goals that are both attainable and reasonable.
b) provide one (1) intervention for each health goal
1. Health goal: Establish and Sustain a Balanced Weight
Intervention:
Conscious eating and Control of Portion
An effective technique for managing weight is to practice portion control and be conscious of
what and how much you consume. At the outset, serve food on smaller plates and bowls to
promote lesser quantities. You might feel full and satisfied with less food if you chew your
food carefully and savour each bite. Keeping your attention diverted while eating, such as by
watching TV or using your phone, might result in overeating. You may monitor your eating
patterns and find opportunities for improvement by keeping a food journal.
2. Health goal: Consistent Practical Activity
Intervention:
Establish a Regular Workout Plan:
Organize and time consistent exercise every day of the week. Pick enjoyable exercises like
walking, running, pedaling a bike, or singing. Look for one hour of severe cardio or at least a
half-hour of moderate aerobic exercise per week, spread out across multiple days. Include
strength training for the main muscle groups two or more times a week as well. A well-
planned exercise regimen might assist you in maintaining stability and passion.
3. Health goal:
Healthy Living Eating
Intervention: The preparation of meals and wholesome eating
To avoid relying on poor food options when you're busy or weary, prepare and portion
balanced meals and snacks in advance. Plan your meals to incorporate a variety of fruits,
vegetables, lean meats, and whole grains, plus a balance of other nutrients. Maintain a
supply of nutritious snacks, such as yoghurt, nuts, or diced fruit, so that you won't be tempted
by bad choices also make an effort to consume fewer sugary beverages in favour of water or
other unrefined drinks.
c) Outline members of the MDT who can assist Maali, and what support they could offer.
MDT Members
Assist
Support
Physicians
Provides professional
medical advice and care for
particular medical issues.
To properly identify diseases,
doctors do thorough medical
examinations and diagnostic
procedures. They make
diagnoses and give
information about the
patient's health using their
knowledge and experience
in medicine.
Dietitian
Delivers nutritional
evaluations and guidance
for encouraging wholesome
eating practices.
Makes custom meal
programs for patients with
particular dietary
requirements or medical
problems.
Social worker
Offers support for social and
emotional needs.
Helps patients in finding
local services and resources.
Pharmacist
Medication reviews help
guarantee safe and effective
medication use.
Supporters with the
healthcare team to support
recipients with
pharmaceutical counselling.
Nurses
Assists in the care and
instruction of patients.
As instructed by doctors,
supervises medication and
carries out medical
operations.
Following the patient's
development and informing
the medical staff of any
changes.
Psychiatrist, Psychologist
Assists in tackling
psychological difficulties
including anxiety, depressive
symptoms, or concentration.
Represents those who are
struggling with
psychological difficulties
counselling and support.
Professional therapist
Assists patients in restoring
the abilities required for
daily tasks and employment.
Therapists carry out in-
depth examinations to
comprehend the client's
worries, symptoms, and
difficulties. They apply their
knowledge to make accurate
diagnoses of mental health
issues and to gain a
thorough understanding of
the client's psychological
state.
Question 15
Provide one (1) community resource that will assist Maali for each of the goals listed below.
Consider in your response Maali’s cultural background and the accessibility to resources in
her community. Your response should include 1-2 sentences for each organisation
explaining how they can assist Maali to reach the planned goal.
1. Weight loss.
2. Smoking cessation.
3. Healthy eating.
4. Chronic disease management.
5. Health education
Community resource
Response
1
Weight loss
Gardening in the
One can take cooking workshops
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community and culinary
workshops
that teach healthy cooking
methods in addition to a
community garden programme
that encourages culturally
appropriate fruits and vegetables.
This site gives them a supply of
vegetables that are fresh and
useful information to help them in
their weight loss efforts.
2
Smoking cessation
Group for Smoking
Cessation Promote
Adapted to Culture
Can enroll in a group of support
run by counsellors who are
proficient in their unique
difficulties and is culturally
adjusted to their needs. This
group gives information to assist
people in effectively quitting
smoking as well as a secure
environment to exchange
experiences.
3
Healthy eating
Nutritional workshops and
cultural cuisine
cooperatives
To make it simpler to include
traditional foods in a balanced
diet, one can join a cultural food
union that sources culturally
diverse, healthful food selections
and nutrition seminars can teach
people how to honour their
national food history while
making healthy decisions.
4
Chronic disease
management
Multiculturalism medical
Centre with translators
A patient can go to a linguistic
medical facility where the staff
members are in touch in their
native tongue along with their
cultural values. To help patients
manage their health conditions
efficiently, this clinic offers
individualized care, chronic illness
management programmes, and
culturally competent education.
5
Health education
Healthcare Right for the
Community with
Language Services
The individual can go to an area
healthcare fair that offers
numerous workshops and
screenings for health education.
They can completely engage in
learning about health topics that
are pertinent to their cultural
background if interpretation
services are made available.
Question no:16
Review the factors impacting the health of indigenous population in Australia. a) Provide
three (3) cultural and three (2) social factors affecting the health of an Indigenous person.
b) Outline three (3) cultural safety strategies you could use to assist in building a
therapeutic relationship with Maali. c) Provide three (3) communication strategies that
would be appropriate to use while you support Maali.
a) Provide three (3) cultural and three (2) social factors affecting the health of an
Indigenous person.
Cultural Factors
1
Identification in Tradition and
Relationship to Land
The wellbeing of Indigenous Australians depends
on their strong sense of cultural identity. Losing
one's identity, sense of community, and sense of
belonging as a result of being uprooted from
ancestral lands and cultural practices due to
colonization and forced assimilation can have
detrimental impacts on the way a person feels
and thinks.
2
Healthcare Obstacles Based on
Culture
There may be cultural obstacles that restrict some
Native Australians from receiving healthcare.
Language problems, a lack of cultural awareness
on the part of healthcare professionals, and a
predilection for conventional treatments can all
contribute to this. Inaction on these cultural issues
can result in mistrust of healthcare authorities
and impede health care search activities.
3
Trauma across generations
Within Indigenous communities, intergenerational
trauma has been caused by the legacy of
historical injustices, such as the forced removal of
children from families (Stolen Generations),
displacement, and discrimination. Substance
misuse, mental health conditions, and other
health difficulties can all be influenced by this
trauma.
Social Factors
1
Social issues that affect health
In distant Indigenous communities, conditions
including poor sanitation, lack of access to clean
water, and crowded housing can raise the risk of
contracting infectious diseases. Health inequities
are also influenced by differences in access to
resources, work opportunities, and education.
2
Economic and Social
Consequences
Indigenous Australians frequently have greater
rates of poverty, unemployment, and restricted
access to healthcare and educational
opportunities. Their capacity to afford wholesome
food, secure housing, and access high-quality
healthcare may be impacted by these Economic
status seems to differences, which could result in
greater incidence of persistent illnesses and lower
quality of life.
b) Outline three (3) cultural safety strategies you could use to assist in building a
therapeutic relationship with Maali.
Strategies for Promoting Cultural Safety in Therapeutic Relationships
1. Cultural Understanding and Be modest
:
By continuing your knowledge on
Indigenous histories, cultures, and
experiences, you can develop your cultural
sensitivity as a healthcare worker. Approach
conversations with cultural humility,
admitting that you don't fully understand
the other person's culture and being willing
to acquire knowledge from others.
2. Interaction that is culturally safe:
Avoid technical and assume others are
conversant with cultural conventions;
instead, speak in a courteous and inclusive
manner. Allow the person to express
themselves in a secure and non-threatening
setting by actively listening to their
experiences and worries without passing
judgement.
c)Provide three (3) communication strategies that would be appropriate
to use while you support Maali.
1
Method that is interactive and strengths-
oriented
Develop an interactive, centered around
strengths policy that took into account the
ability to recover and assets of Indigenous
people and the communities they live in.
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Encourage them to participate in decision-
making and problem-solving so they can
actively manage the quality of their lives.
2
Paying attention Actively and
Acknowledgement
To comprehend the person's worries and
experiences, engage in active listening.
Make sure they feel heard and understood
by using reflective listening strategies to
affirm their opinions and thoughts.
3
Independence and awareness of culture
Talk about issues with cultural sensitivity,
taking into account and respecting the
distinct viewpoints and experiences of
Indigenous people. By recognizing your
own limitations and attempting to learn
from the individual you are supporting,
you can show cultural humility.
Question 17
Consider how you would respond to an emergency situation in the community. Provide five
(5) assessments/steps that you would need to take in this situation. Prioritise your initial
clinical assessment of the client and the actions that you would take, as well as who you
would consult or engage. Clearly describe the decisions you would make and the reasons
why you would make them. Also outline the initiating actions taken including immediate
treatment.
Consider how you would respond to an emergency situation in the community. Provide five
(5) assessments/steps that you would need to take in this situation. Prioritize your initial
clinical assessment of the client and the actions that you would take, as well as who you
would consult or engage.
It is essential to put the person's safety and wellbeing first in an emergency scenario and to
get them the prompt medical care they need. Here are five evaluations or actions you might
need to take:
1
Quick scenario Assessment:
Ensure your safety and the safety of others by
making a quick assessment of the emergency
scenario. Find out the emergency's nature, how
many people are involved, and whether any urgent
threats exist.
2
Appeal for assistance
If mandatory, use emergency services to ask for
prompt medical attention. Give responders precise
information that is both clear and succinct
regarding the location, the emergency's nature,
and any other relevant details.
3
Examine the victim's health
Give the emergency client's initial clinical
examination top priority. Verify their breathing,
circulation, and responsiveness. Cardiopulmonary
resuscitation (CPR) should be started right away if
the person is unconscious and not breathing
regularly.
4
Turn on the town's emergency
action system
If your area has a plan in place, turn it on and
adhere to the guidelines. To guarantee a well-
coordinated response, work with other first
responders or community members.
5
Connect Supportive behavior
Facilities
Although expecting the arrival of emergency
personnel, gather any equipment or resources that
might be useful in starting first aid procedures.
Recruit passersby or neighborhood residents to
help with crowd management, medical care, or any
other pertinent responsibilities
.
Clearly describe the decisions you would make and the reasons why you would make them.
Also outline the initiating actions taken including immediate treatment.
The first goal in a medical emergency is to quickly assess the patient's status and, if necessary,
start life-saving procedures. To achieve the best outcome for the person concerned, it is
imperative to maintain composure, focus, and follow the proper steps. Any immediate care
that you are qualified to give, such as CPR, hemorrhage control, or airway obstruction
management, should be given while you wait for qualified medical assistance. For a cohesive
and successful emergency response, coordination and communication with other responders
are crucial. It's important to keep in mind that these recommendations are broad in nature
and may not apply to every possible emergency circumstance. For this reason, everyone who
may experience emergencies should obtain the appropriate training in emergency response
and first aid.
Question 18
On admission to hospital, you note that Maali is not up-to-date with her immunisations. a)
You need to provide details of the immunisation schedule for an indigenous person in
Australia. b) As Maali has missed many of her immunisations, how would you safely update
her immunisations to ensure she gets back on schedule?
a) You need to provide details of the immunisation schedule for an indigenous person in
Australia.
Here is a general summary of the Australian Indigenous person's immunisation schedule:
1
. Birth to six weeks
Hepatitis B (birth dosage)
6 weeks Hepatitis B
2
. Within two months.
Haemophilus influenza type b (Hib)
DTPa (whooping cough).
IPV (inactivated polio vaccine)
13vPCV (pneumococcal conjugate)
3
. 4 Months
Diphtheria, Tetanus, Pertussis (whooping cough),
Haemophilus influenza type b (Hib)
IPV (inactivated polio vaccine)
13vPCV (pneumococcal conjugate)
4.
6 Months
Haemophilus influenza type b (Hib)
DTPa (whooping cough).
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IPV (inactivated polio vaccine)
13vPCV (pneumococcal conjugate)
5.
12 Months
Haemophilus influenzae type b (Hib),
Meningococcal ACWY,
Measles, Mumps, Rubella (MMR),
6.
18 Months
Conjugated pneumococcal (13vPCV)
Type B of the influenza virus (Hib)
(MMRV) Measles, Mumps, Rubella, and Varicella
Whooping cough (DTPa): Diphtheria, Tetanus, Pertussis
7.
4 years
(MMR) Measles, Mumps, Rubella
IPV (inactivated polio vaccine)
Whooping cough (DTPa): Diphtheria, Tetanus, Pertussis
To defend against diseases that can be prevented by vaccination and to maintain one's health
and well-being, it is crucial that Indigenous Australians, like everyone else, have all of their
required immunizations. It is essential to alert the medical staff if a patient is not up to date
on their immunizations so that the proper vaccinations can be given in accordance with
national recommendations and their unique medical requirements.
b) As Maali has missed many of her immunizations, how would you safely update her
immunizations to ensure she gets back on schedule?
1.
Obtain as much data as you can regarding the patient's prior vaccinations. Identify any
gaps in the immunization schedule by reviewing vaccination records, talking about any history
of prior immunizations or adverse reactions, and reviewing vaccination records
.
2.
To find out which vaccinations are advised given the patient's age and risk factors, see the
most recent National Immunization Schedule.
3.
Create a customized catch-up immunization programme based on the patient's age and
immunization history. This schedule can contain any immunizations that the patient has
missed or that aren't age-appropriate.
4.
To make sure the chosen vaccines can be administered without causing harm, examine the
patient's medical history, taking into account any underlying diseases or sensitivities. If there
are any particular medical concerns, speak with the patient's doctor.
5.
Maintain careful documentation of every vaccinations given, including the brand, dose, and
location of administration along with the date. The patient's vaccination record will be
updated, and they will be informed of the immunizations they got.
6.
To finish the catch-up vaccination schedule or give extra booster doses as necessary, make
any necessary follow-up visits.
It's important to keep in mind that each patient's individual immunization requirements may
change according on their health, way of life, and certain risk factors. Plans for making up
missed vaccinations should be customized for each patient's particular situation. To ensure
that the patient obtains the proper and safest immunizations that comply with the most
recent guidelines and suggestions, constantly verify with a healthcare expert or immunization
provider.
Refrences:
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK305514/
https://www.aihw.gov.au/reports/australias-health/social-determinants-and-
indigenous-health
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7100151/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7100151/
https://www.stlouis-mo.gov/government/departments/public-
safety/emergency-management/about/Steps-of-Emergency-
Management.cfm
https://www.oxfam.org.au/what-we-do/indigenous-australia/close-the-
gap/australias-indigenous-health-crisis-in-depth/?
gad=1&gclid=Cj0KCQjwoK2mBhDzARIsADGbjeoU-
6wW89uLm_a4uzWnGUNhk46PH1-
TG41O0KIpgQtxuXI4g30eP4IaArLvEALw_wcB