Understanding Protein Synthesis Inhibitors in Pharmacology

Home Your library Expert Solutions Search for a question Profile Picture Free trial Flashcards Learn Test Match Science Medicine Exam 4 Pharmacology Pt3 (Protein Synthesis Inhibitors to the Flu Leave the first rating In-class activity Classic Live Checkpoint Self-study activity Flashcards Learn Test Match

Protein Synthesis Inhibitors Classes 5 classes - Tetracyclines - Aminoglucosides - Mcrolides - Clindamycin - Linezolid 1 / 87 Profile Picture Created by jennifer_dao90 Share Students also viewed Clotting 24 terms Profile Picture iwork4chase

Preview KINES Unit 2 Exam Review 104 terms Profile Picture Emmyy_Gonzalez Preview ECE 105 CH. 4,5, & 7 37 terms Profile Picture brielleyeager1 Preview Pharm Final 5 (Bone, Endocrine and Dermatology (Mod 11-13)) 24 terms Profile Picture Sami_tewell Preview All Medications! 46 terms Profile Picture Misa_Sadin Preview Pharmacology - overview, heart disease, hypertension 125 terms Profile Picture jacquiehull

Your preview ends here

Eager to read complete document? Join bartleby learn and gain access to the full version

Access to all documents
Unlimited textbook solutions
24/7 expert homework help

Preview Mod. 11 Urinary System Drugs 95 terms Profile Picture Kramirez_96 Preview Procedure and Purpose of OGTT, LTT, BC Collection, and Specimen Handling 19 terms Profile Picture Jasa_Dublin9 Preview Terms in this set (87) Original Protein Synthesis Inhibitors Classes 5 classes - Tetracyclines - Aminoglucosides - Mcrolides - Clindamycin - Linezolid Protein Synthesis MOA - inhibit protein synthesis and target the bacterial ribosome - must enter the bacterial cell to be effective

Tetracyclines Drugs -Doxycycline -Minocycline Tetracycline Tetracyclines MOA - Used to treat Gram + , -, and atypical. - Treats Tick-borne diseases, acne,anthrax, gastric infection with H. Pylori Tetracyclines Adverse Drug Reactions - photosensitivity - discoloration of teeth ** - Gi intolerance - Contraindicted in pregnancy Tetracyclines Pharmacokinetics - high concentration are achieved in body organs, skin, bone, and teeth - Chelation interactions Tetracyclines Antibacterial Spectrum - gram +, gram -, atypical

Tetracyclines Therapeutic Uses - Uncomplicated respiratory tract infections - tick borne diseases - acne -bioterrorism Aminoglycosides Drugs - Gentmicin Aminoglycosides MOA - Used to treat serious nosocomial, gram-negative infections and serious UTIs -Hardly any gram-positive coverage -No anaerobic coverage Aminoglycosides Pharmacokinetics - very water soluble - not absorbed orally - high concentrations can accumulate in the kidneys and inner ear Aminoglycosides adverse effects - nephrotoxicity and ototoxicity Aminoglycosides Antibacterial Spectrum -Most active against aerobic gram negative bacteria

Your preview ends here

Eager to read complete document? Join bartleby learn and gain access to the full version

Access to all documents
Unlimited textbook solutions
24/7 expert homework help

- no anaerobic Aminoglycosides Drug level monitoring - routine blood checks Macrolides Drugs -Azithromycin -Clarithromycin -Erythromycin Macrolides Pharmacokinetics - metabolized by cytochrme p450 Macrolides MOA - Used to treat acne, community-acquired pneumonia and has excellent atypical coverage with broad spectrum Macrolides Adverse drug reactions - Gi intolerance - **Erythromycin and clarithomycin have prolongation of QT interval -abnormal taste** Macrolides Antibacterial Spectrum

- broad spectrum - excellent atypical coverage, some gram +, some gram - - whopping cough and acne Macrolides Therapeutic Uses - whooping cough - acne ** Clindamycin MOA - Used to treat diabetic foot ulcers, aspiration pneumonias, acne. - Coversanaerobic infections. - Gram-positive cocci and has almost no gram negative coverage Clindamycin Antibacterial spectrum - covers anaerobic - gram positive cocci, strepto, and staph - has almost no gram - - used to treat diabetic foot, skin and soft tissue infections - MRSA** Clindamycin Adverse Drug Reactions * - Causes CDIFF ClinDamycin = C Diff

What is CDIFF? - superinfection - watery stools up to 10-20 times a day - Treatment; start metronidazole or oral vancomycin * Linezolid MOA - Primarily reserved for VRE infections and MRSA - Covers gram-positive bacteria and no gram negative coverage. Linezolid Antibacterial spectrum - gram positive; strept, staph, entero - no gram negative - reserved for VRE and MRSA** Linezolid Adverse Drug Reactions - Diarrhea, nausea, headache Linezolid Drug Interactions ** **- weak MOA inhibitor - can increase risk of SEROTONIN SYNDROME if taken with SSRI** DNA Synthesis Inhibitors Drugs - Fluoroquinolones

Your preview ends here

Eager to read complete document? Join bartleby learn and gain access to the full version

Access to all documents
Unlimited textbook solutions
24/7 expert homework help

Fluoroquinolones Drugs - Ciprofloxacin - Levofloxacin - ends in FLOXACIN Fluoroquinolones MOA - inhibit bacterial DNA replication Fluoroquinolones Pharmokinetics - oral absorption is excellent Fluoroquinolones Drug Interactions - chelation occurs with anatacids, milk, vitamins - best absorption if taken with empty stomach - Some have cytochrome P450 interactions Fluoroquinolones Adverse Drug Reactions - TENDON RUPTURES - prolongation of QT - contraindicted in pregnancy Fluoroquinolones Therapeutic indications

- broad spectrum - gram neg, gram pos, atypical, almost no anaerobic - used for UTI or respiratory tract infection Folate Antagonists (sulfa drugs/sulfonamides) Drugs - sufamethoxazole, bactrim component - Trimethoprim - Trimethoprim/sulfamethozazole Folate Antagonists (sulfa drugs/sulfonamides) MOA - inhibit folic acid synthesis -bacteria turn PABA into folic acid - use up much of enzyme needed to convert PABA to folic acid, decreasing folic acid production Folate Antagonists (sulfa drugs/sulfonamides) Mechanism of selective toxicity - fairly specific to bacterial cells Folate Antagonists (sulfa drugs/sulfonamides) Therapeutic Indications - UTI - active against E.Coli and MRSA Folate Antagonists (sulfa drugs/sulfonamides) Pharmacokinetics - well absorbed orally - distributes throughout body water

Folate Antagonists (sulfa drugs/sulfonamides) Adverse Effects - Allergic reactions - Nephrotoxicity - kernicterus - drug interactions with warfarin Trimethroprim MOA - dihydrofolate reductase inhibitor - resistant in gram negative Trimethroprim Pharmacokinetics - similar to sulfonamides - well absorbed orally - distributes throughout body water Trimethroprim Adverse Drug Reactions - can produce effect of folate deficiency Trimethroprim/Sulfamethoxazole Drug - combination of two antibiotics 1) a sulfa drug 2) a folate antagonist (trimethroprim)

Your preview ends here

Eager to read complete document? Join bartleby learn and gain access to the full version

Access to all documents
Unlimited textbook solutions
24/7 expert homework help

Trimethroprim/Sulfamethoxazole MOA - inhibits two sequential steps in synthesis of active folic acid Trimethroprim/Sulfamethoxazole Adverse affects - nephrotoxicity -angioedema -rashes -steven johnsons syndrome Trimethroprim/Sulfamethoxazole Therapeutic Indications - UTI ** - pneumonia Miscellaneous Drugs - Nitrofurantoin - Metronidazole Nitrofurantoin MOA - inhbits various enzymes and damages bacterial DNA Nitrofurantoin Therapeutic Use - Uncolicated UTIs

Nitrofurantoin Adverse Effects - turns urine brown/orange** - take with food or milk Metronidazole MOA - damages bacterial DNA Metronidazole Therapeutic Uses** - Drug of choice for C diff diarrhea Metronidazole Adverse Effects - headache, metallic taste, vertigo Metronidazole Drug Interactions - DO NOT TAKE WITH ALCOHOL **** Two classes of antibiotics with cytochrome p450 drug interactions** - Fluoroquinolones & Macrolides* Two classes of antibiotics with chelation interactions** - Fluoroquinolones & Tetracyclines

Difference between Active and Latent TB** *- Active TB Has symptoms Infection: can be contagious and actively sick -Latent TB Has NO symptoms Infection: Is NOT contagious or sick Prime directive for TB ** - take two drugs or more - prevents drug resistance* Drugs to treat TB -Isoniazid -Rifampin -Pyrazinamide -Ethambutol - RIPE Isoniazid (IHN) - MOA; targets enzymes responsible for outer layer - Use; both latent and active TB - ** Adverse; Liver Failure**

Your preview ends here

Eager to read complete document? Join bartleby learn and gain access to the full version

Access to all documents
Unlimited textbook solutions
24/7 expert homework help

Rifampin *** - MOA; Blocks RNA synthesis - Therapeutic; treatment of TB, MRSA, Meningitis - Adverse; Liver failure, all body fluids orange-red** - Drug Int; Cytochrome P450 Inducer *** Pyrazinamide -MOA; unknown - Therapeutic; TB - Adverse; Liver failure** Ethambutol - Therapeutic; TB - Adverse; Optic nerve, red/green blindness - REMEMBER EYECHART E List the medication(s) indicated for treatment of latent TB ** *-Isoniazid (daily x 6-9 months or Twice weekly) -Isoniazid + Rifapentine (Once weekly x 3 month)* List the medications indicated for treatment of active TB** *-Initially: Isoniazid + Rifampin + Pyrazinamide + Ethambutol ( x 2 months) -Then: Isoniazid + Rifampin ( x 4 months)

OR -Initially: Isoniazid + Rifampin (x 1 month) -Then: Isoniazid + Rifampin (Daily or Biweekly x 8 months) Discuss why patients receiving the common drug regimens for TB treatment must be monitored for liver function changes and why these patients should avoid alcohol** -to monitor to liver failure -Alcohol increase the RISK of Liver Failure Antifungal Drugs MOA - Bind to sterols in fungal cell membranes - prevent synthesis of sterols 4 Classes of antifungals - polyenes - azoles -pyrimidine analogs - echinocandins Polyenes Drugs - Amphotericin B Amphotericin B Therapeutic Use - serious systemic fungal infections

Amphotericin B Adverse Drug Reactions*** ***- SHAKE AND BAKE - renal damage - very very toxic** Azoles Pharmacokinetics - Broad Spectrum - Cytochrome P450 Drug interactions - end in AZOLE Azole Drugs - Ketoconazole - fluconazole Fluconazole ** - single oral dose is effective for yeast infections Superficial fungal infections - tinea = skin, scalp, hair - candidas = vaginal, oral - onchomycosis = nails

Your preview ends here

Eager to read complete document? Join bartleby learn and gain access to the full version

Access to all documents
Unlimited textbook solutions
24/7 expert homework help

Clotrimazole Use** - superficial fungal and yeast infections** Nystatin Use** *- superficial candidal infections -swish and swallow suspension** Antiviral Drug MOA - inhibition of viral replication - viruses have no cell wall and no cell membrane Non HIV Antivirals - Influenza inhibitors Drugs - neuraminidase inhibitors; Oseltamivir and Zanamivir Oseltamivir and Zanamivir -Both = Treatment of A and B, expensive, start within 48 hours of symptoms - osel(oral) -zana(inhalant/powder ) Herpes Antivirals Drugs - Acyclovir -Valacyclovir

Treatment of genital herpes outbreaks** -Life-long, daily suppressive therapy with antivirals will reduce frequency and viral shedding by 85%- 90%** Treatment of varicella-zoster virus (herpes zoster), both chicken pox and shingles** **-Chicken pox- Treatment can reduce severity by 30% if started early; Viravax ® (chicken pox vaccine) + booster vaccination now required for all school age children -Shingles- latent virus; can flare-up later in life due to stress or immunocompromized conditions; treatment is important to prevent postherpetic neuralgia. Postherpetic neuralgia pain is extremely difficult to treat - occurs when the virus damages the nerves. Zostavax® - shingles vaccine ↓ shingles by 50%.** Discuss the flu vaccine: when is it given, who should receive it, & who should NOT?** -Flu vaccine is given in October/November. All people ages 6 months and older should receive it. You should NOT receive it if you have a severe allergy to chicken eggs, People who have had a severe reaction to the influenza vaccine in the past, People who have experienced Guillain-Barre' syndrome (GBS), and people with moderate or severe illness with fever (these individuals should wait until symptoms resolve). Compare symptoms of influenza and symptoms of a cold** *-Both have headache and cough -Both do not have diarrhea/vomiting as symptoms** -Influenza is more severe and has more symptoms About us About Quizlet How Quizlet works Careers Advertise with us

Get the app For students Flashcards Test Learn Solutions Q-Chat For teachers Live Checkpoint Blog Be the Change Resources Help center Honor code Community guidelines Privacy Terms Ad and Cookie Policy Quizlet for Schools Language English (USA) © 2023 Quizlet, Inc. COPPA Safe Harbor Certification seal

Your preview ends here

Eager to read complete document? Join bartleby learn and gain access to the full version

Access to all documents
Unlimited textbook solutions
24/7 expert homework help

flu 4 87 jenifer dao90

Related Documents