HCR 240 Module 2 Learning Guide (1)

HCR 240 Module 2 Learning Guide M ODULE R EFLECTION – In the box below, reflect on the course material & activities for this module. If you did not complete all the activities, did you have any questions or comments relating to this? What content did you find the most interesting and why? This should be a 4-5 sentence paragraph. Click or tap here to enter text. MODULE 2 D ISORDERS OR D ISEASES Diseases to know for Module 2, include etiology, typical signs and symptoms, diagnostic testing, and general treatment (or prognosis). Use your textbook and/or supplemental PowerPoint for the completion of this table. Complete sentences are NOT required. It is important to be succinct in your analysis of each disease and choose the most important components to look for in a clinical setting. For this reason, do not include more than 5 different components in each box. Disease or Disorder (Chapter) Etiology (cause) and/or Risk Factors Signs & Symptoms of Disease (Clinical Manifestations) Diagnostic Testing / Assessment Possible Treatments and/or Prognosis Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE) (Ch. 11) Antinuclear antibodies (ANA’s) present  Antibody complexes deposited in tissues  Chronic disease with remission and exacerbations Skin rash (butterfly rash across cheeks), joint inflammation, kidney damage, vasculitis, Raynaud’s phenomenon Lab results, physical exam, history Nsaids, corticosteroids, methotrexate Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) (Ch. 11) Chronic joint inflammation Symmetrical, tender, swollen joints, stiff joints for 30min. Or more Acr, rf, esr, crp elevation, acpas Nsaids, methrtraxate, dmards, immunosuppressants Severe Combined Immunodeficiency Disease (SCID) (Ch. 11) B and T cells malfunction No none symptoms until lab results come back Live vaccines cannot be administered Bone marrow transplant Selective IgA Deficiency (Ch. 11) Increase rsik for topic and autoimmune diseae Some meds can cause IgA deficiency Asymptomatic with normal IgG and Ig Labs Monthly injections of Igs pg. 1 of 5

HCR 240 Module 2 Learning Guide Disease or Disorder (Chapter) Etiology (cause) and/or Risk Factors Signs & Symptoms of Disease (Clinical Manifestations) Diagnostic Testing / Assessment Possible Treatments and/or Prognosis DiGeorge Syndrome (Ch. 11) T cell deficiency due to lack of thymus development Genetic deletion at 22q11.1 Failure to thrive, cleft palate, low levels of calcium Amniocentesis testing before birth can be done Blood test after birth Multidisciplinary coordinated health needed HIV (Ch. 11) Iv drug users Men who have sex with me Participate in unsafe sex Pain in abdomen, groin, loss of appetite, persistent diarrhea, ulcers, sores on groin Blood tests Retroviral medication Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia (Ch. 12) Bone marrow produces to many lymphocytes Genetic syndrome Pain in bones, fatigue, fever, night sweats, swollen lymph nodes Bone marrow biopsy and aspiration, blood tests Chemotherapy, blood transfusion, steroid Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia (Ch. 12) B lymphocytes continue to divide with out restraint after reacting to antigen Can be without symptoms, swollen lymph nodes Usa: rai staging Chemotherapy Radiation Non-ablative stem cell Lymphoma (Hodgkin’s, Non-Hodgkin’s) (Ch. 12) Hodgkin’s: Non-Hodgkin’s: No dramatic symptoms Enlarged lymph nodes Enlarged, painless lymph nodes often 1 st sign biopsy Combination of chemo, radiation and immunotherapy Chemo, immunotherapy, surgery, radiation Anemia (decrease in RBC Mass) (Ch. 13) Deficiency in iron, b12, folic acid, blood loss, meds, hemolysis Asymptomatic, gi tract blood loss, heavy menstral cycles, pale, jaundice, splenomegaly Cbc, peripheral blood smear, bone marrow aspiration Varies based on cause, meds, blood transfusion, diet/ lifestyle change Anemia (Acute blood loss) (Ch. 13) Trauma, hemorrhage, clotting disorder Depends on amount of blood loss greater than 40% results in sever hypotension, decrease consciousness, hr < 140bpm, no urine out put Ncn with reticulocytosis, fobt to determine GI blood loss Establish hemostasis and fluid vl. IV: normal saline, and blood transfusion Anemia (Chronic Blood Loss) (Ch. 13) GI bleed, menorrhagia, hemolysis Bleeding is slower pt may report no noticeable changes Blood tests chcking iron levels TIBC increased, low ferritin, low hgb, and hct Replace iron: oral ferrous sulfate Remedy reason for blood loss pg. 2 of 5

HCR 240 Module 2 Learning Guide Disease or Disorder (Chapter) Etiology (cause) and/or Risk Factors Signs & Symptoms of Disease (Clinical Manifestations) Diagnostic Testing / Assessment Possible Treatments and/or Prognosis Hemolytic-Uremic Syndrome (Ch 14) Progressive renal failure, hemolytic anemia, and thrombocytopenia Bloody diarrhea, lysis of RBC, WBC, and renal damage Stool cultures Supportive therapy, antibiotics, hemodialysis, and renal transplantation Hyperlipidemia (Ch. 15) Elevated lipid: FH, diabetes mellitus< obesity, hypothyroidism, sedentary lifestyle, diet high in saturated fats ASCVD risk Overt maybe lacking Blood sample to evaluate lipids, hs-CRP; homocysteine levels Lifestyle modifications, medications: statins, bile acid sequestrants, fibrates,monoclonal antibody meds Hypertension (Ch. 15) Silent killer; elevated BP Family hist, diabetes mellitus, tobacco use, age, race, stress, excessive alcohol intake Often no symptoms, could have headache, chest pain, vision issues, dizziness all target from organ damage Checking protein in urine if kidney damage is present, Diet: DASH Reduce stress, smoking cessation, medications: diuretics, ACE inhibitors, ARBs, CA channel blockers, beta- adrenergic blockers Atherosclerosis (Ch. 15) Risk: age, gender. Diabetes 2, fam. Hist., obesity Plaque build up in arterial walls No symptoms until end organ dysfunction Examine for CVD Same as hyperlipidemia, use coronary artery bypass graft or percutaneous coronary intervention with stent placement Aneurysm (Ch. 15) Weakening of arterial wall causing bulging or dialation Caused by arteriosclerotic damage NO SYMPTOMS, CAN HAVE HEADACHE Ultrasonography Found incidentally Lifestyle changes Surgicl treatment maybe necessary Kawasaki Disease (Ch. 15) Inflammation in walls of blood vessels Fever, rash, cracked lips, swollen lymphs, discharge from eyes EKG, ECG, BLOOD TESTS, LUMBAR PUNCTURE, URTINE SAMPLE IV MEDS, ASPIRIN pg. 4 of 5

HCR 240 Module 2 Learning Guide C HAPTER 11 – D ISORDERS OF I MMUNE S YSTEM - Compare the four types of hypersensitivity disorders. Hypersensitivity Description of Response Signs & Symptoms Example Type I Allergies or atopic disorder Rash, itchy, sneezing Seasonal allergies Type II Local or systemic response Hies, nasal discharge, asthma anaphylaxis Type III IGS attacks antigens on cell surface JOINT PAIN, rash, fever,vasculitis, glomerulonephritis Blood transfusion reaction Type IV t-cell attack does not occur until days after exposure Multiple organ failure Poison ivy, transplant rejection MODULE 2 O THER T ERMS TO K NOW The terms below outline some additional pathophysiology terms to know for the midterm exam in Module 4. You are NOT required to define them in this module study guide; however, all terms can be seen in the Module Knowledge Check and Midterm Exam. Chapter 11: Disorders of the Immune System Terms  Immunodeficiency  Autoimmunity  Hypersensitivity  Allergy  Urticaria  Anaphylaxis  AIDS Chapter 12: Disorders of the White Blood Cells Terms  Leukocytosis  Leukopenia  Neutrophilia  WBC Count of all Leukocytes  Hematologic neoplasms  Leukemia  Lymphoma pg. 5 of 5