Ocean chap 1

docx

School

Kean University *

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Course

2400

Subject

Geology

Date

Oct 30, 2023

Type

docx

Pages

Uploaded by ConstableSnowScorpion278

Ocean on a planetary scale Accounts slightly more than 0.02% of earths mass (0.13% of its volume) more water is trapped inside the warm interior then what exists in the ocean/atmosphere Amount of water on earths surface More than 97% of water lies in the ocean a sphere of that would measure 1,380 km (860 miles). Earths diameter is 12,756 km (7926 mikes) Formation of earth Grew by aggregation (formation of things into a cluster) of particles meteors and asteroids heating the planet and adding to the mass compounding it to a homogeneous mixture of materials Formation of earth part 2 Earth lost volume because of gravitational compression. High temperatures in the interior turned the inner earth into a semi solid mass. Drops of iron fell towards the center creating the core while less dense silicates moved outward. This friction heated the earth more with the density it formed the inner, outer core, mantle , and the crust Stages of Moon Formation 4.4 billion years ago a body larger than mars smashed into a young earth The rock Mantel was ejected and formed a ring of debris around earth the debris condensed soon after to become our moon Sources of our ocean Volcanic gases added to water vapor, Carbon dioxide, nitrogen, and other gases for the atmosphere Comets and asteroid's may have derived some water Age of European Exploration Christopher Columbus "discovered" the New World • Magellan's expedition • Combined with science • Captain James Cook

• Benjamin Franklin's Chart of Gulf Stream • Scientific expedition-HMS Challenger Contemporary Oceanography Oceanography Institute and modern technology CTD conductivity, temperature, depth, salinity, dissolved oxygen, fluorescence Argo float automated bouys that collect ocean temperature and salinity data and nutrients Sea glider Velocity and nutrients Net tow Captures organisms such as plankton and fish 00:0203:34 satellite Ocean color ROV Deep water exploration single world ocean Earth's oceans are connected Coastline Nearly half of the planet's inhabitants live within 240 kilometers (150 miles of a coastline) What do stars convert Hydrogen to helium to heavier elements Carbon, oxygen, silicone and iron this is called nuclear fusion also generate light and heat that influence photosynthesis condensation theory Premise that stars and planets accumulate from contracting, accreting clouds of galactic gas, dust, and debris.

Acceration slow growth in size or amount terrestrial planets Mercury, Venus, Earth, Mars gas planets Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, Neptune Hydrothermal vents spots on the ocean floor where hot gases and minerals escape from earth's interior into the water Bacteria Bacteria like organisms 3.5 billion years ago

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