earthquakes-reading-assignment

Earthquakes Reading Assignment The Catastrophic Earth: Natural Disasters (The University of British Columbia) Scan to open on Studocu Studocu is not sponsored or endorsed by any college or university Earthquakes Reading Assignment The Catastrophic Earth: Natural Disasters (The University of British Columbia) Scan to open on Studocu Studocu is not sponsored or endorsed by any college or university Downloaded by Meera Singh (meerasingh2024@gmail.com) lOMoARcPSD|36815494

EOSC114 Reading Assignment, Summer 2019: Earthquakes Student ID:___________________ Introducton and Learning Goals Why reading assignments in this course? Good queston – please read the documentsposted on Canvas called “Homework: Introducton” and “Homework: Reading Assignment ”. You can access these from HOME >> Homework. Today’s reading is a Pulitzer Prize winning artcle “ The Really Big One ” by Kathryn Schulz, published in the New Yorker July 20, 2015. Access the artcle at htps://www.newyorker.com/magazine/2015/07/20/the-really-big-one . It is fairly long but very “easy” to read. Completng this Reading Assignment will help you improve your abilites to: 1. Identfy hazards to communites in North America’s Pacifc Northwest that are caused by earthquakes. 2. Relate those specifc hazards to corresponding geological processes . 3. Judge the importance and costs of mitgaton strategies based on the likelihood of antcipated consequences . 4. Characterize a scientfc reading in terms of the type of artcle, the author(s)’ intent and the type and reliability of their sources. 5. Characterize the claims made by authors in terms of arguments and various types of supportngevidence. Instructons. REVIEW THESE CAREFULLY; DON’T MAKE GUESSES ABOUT YOUR TASKS 1. First skim all questons to fnd out what toexpect. 2. Find the artcle online at htps://www.newyorker.com/magazine/2015/07/20/the-really-big-one . 3. Complete thisWorksheet during or afer reading theartcle 4. THEN, afer you have completed thisWorksheet, go online to Canvas to write the Reading Assignment Quiz. a. Time available for online submission is limited. Do the reading andWorksheet BEFORE goingonline. b. Online questons are automatcally gradable versions of SOME of these Worksheetquestons. c. Each student will get a diferent subset of thesequestons. 5. Importantnotes a. Regarding EOSC 114 Reading Assignments from past terms : This reading assignment AND the questons for the Quiz are diferent from EOSC 114reading assignments from past terms 1 . b. THE MOST COMMON ERROR in the Reading Assignment Quiz is not reading the questons carefully. The order in which questons are posed in the Quiz may difer from the Worksheet, the answer optons are randomized, AND each student gets a diferent subset of questons. Please write your Quiz carefully, with your Worksheet besideyou. c. Working with peers on homework is OK, but copying the work of others is cheatng and will not help you succeed. Read UBC’s Students Code of Conduct and our strict rules regarding academic integrity at htp://www.calendar.ubc.ca/vancouver/index.cfm?tree=3,54,111,959 1 . d. Note there may be one or more questons about this assignment in future Quizzes orFinal Exam. e. Questons in this Worksheet have checkboxes instead of numbers to avoid confusion with the numberingsystem in the Reading Assignment Quiz. f. Note that this course has students in non-science and science disciplines, frst and fourth year-levels andeveryone in between. Some tasks may seem “easy” for some students but will be challenging forothers. 1This Worksheet copyright © 2018, F. Jones, L. Porrit and UBC. All rights reserved. That means re-distributng these materials to anyone or the web is against copyright law and UBC takes intellectual property rights seriously. See htps://copyright.ubc.ca/guidelines-and-resources/faq/ . Summer 2019, EOSC 114 Earthquakes Reading Assignment Page 1 of 9 Downloaded by Meera Singh (meerasingh2024@gmail.com) lOMoARcPSD|36815494

 @Consider when a large tsunami occurs andPachena Bay (now the campground) needs help, disaster relief supplies are fown to the internatonal airport near Victoria.Which of the following towns has the most reasonable combinaton of short distance for trucking supplies from Victoria airport and then a reasonably short distance for subsequent helicopter air-lif into Pachena Campground? (Hint: In google maps, search for “Pachena Campground” to fnd the correct startng point. Help for using google maps “measure distance”tool are outlined at: htps://support.google.com/maps/answer/1628031? co=GENIE.Platorm%3DDesktop&hl=en ). o Courtenay o Nanaimo o Port Alberni -------- o Port Renfrew o Vancouver  According to this artcle, what informaton led to understanding the impact on the community at Pachena Bay (now the campground) due to the last great CSZ earthquake? o analysis of sea foor core samples ---------------- o dendrochronology of trees in the “ghost forest” o long-term records of tsunami recorded in Japan o oral historyof local frst-natons communites o computer-based modelling of the seismic behavior of the subducton zone  Consider the sequence of discoveries that led to understanding of CSZ earthquake history and severity.Put the following list of informaton in order from earliest to most recently established (1=EARLIEST; 6=MOST RECENT). All are in the artcle but somewhat “buried” within the narratve startng around paragraph 19. NOTE the order of these discoveries or observatons is NOT the order in which the authors discuss them. Check the dates, and think logically. ____4__ Dendrochronology on trees in the ghost forest reveal all trees died at once. ___2___ A chief of the Huu-ay-aht First Naton tells the broader, non-indigenous community about a devastatng event experienced by Pacifc Ocean coastal communites many generatons ago. ___1___ A tsunami with no apparent cause is observed and recorded in Japan. ___5___ A CSZ mega-quake determined to have occurred in 1700 is matched to Japan’s historical record of an orphan tsunami. ___6___ Sea-foor coring yields a detailed 10,000-year history of CSZ earthquakes. ___3___ Discovery of a “ghost forest”. Step 2: Consequences and mitgaton  Given the frst-person experiences recounted by seismologist Dr. Goldfnger, what Mercalli intensity level did the city of Kashiwa experience due to the Tohoku earthquake? For the defniton of intensity levels, see the USGS website htps://earthquake.usgs.gov/learn/topics/mercalli.php . Choose one opton: o I to II o III to IV o V to VI o VII to VIII o IX to X ---------------------  What is one example of informaton from the text that helped you draw this conclusion? Answer in one sentence with your OWN words. __________The earthquake with the magnitude of 9.0 lasted for about 4 minutes_____________________________________________________________________________________ Summer 2019, EOSC 114 Earthquakes Reading Assignment Page 3 of 9 Downloaded by Meera Singh (meerasingh2024@gmail.com) lOMoARcPSD|36815494

 From the descripton of what it was like to be outside for 4 minutes (frst 8 paragraphs of the artcle), what did you fnd most compelling as a descripton of how frightening such an event might be? Write using your OWN words. _The most frightening descripton was how the buildings were moving back and forth___________________________________________________________________________________________ ___ _______________________________________________________________________________________________ Check your estmate of Mercalli intensity level by using the data provided on the USGS earthquake event page.First, go to this website: htp://earthquake.usgs.gov/earthquakes/eventpage/ofcial20110311054624120_30#dyf Follow these 5 steps to set up this fgure: 1. Click the map to open an interactve map. Scroll orclick on the +/–keys to zoom in/out. Kashiwa is 32km northeast of Tokyo (in Japanese maps, this town is called “Kashiwa-Shi”. 2. Add/remove intensity data as coloured triangles via the layers icon on the top right(encircled on the fgure on right), and click “ShakeMap Statons”. 3. Click any of the coloured triangles to see its details. 4. Check the lattude/longitudeof where your mouse/pointer is on the map, which is shownas numbers at botom right of the map. 5. Find the lattude/longitude of Kashiwa.  Lattude of Kashiwa__35.88____ degrees North (no words, just numbers to 2 decimal places)  Longitude of Kashiwa __139.98____ degrees East (no words, just numbers to 2 decimal places)  Now, based on measurements shown at triangles near Kashiwa, what value on the Mercalli Scale is most appropriate for Kashiwa? ___7___.Enter a number or Roman Numeral.  Find the city of Sendai on the map; it is at 38.26 °N, 140.89 °E.Within anarea less than 40 km from Sendai, the measured intensity levels are: MINIMUM__7____ and MAXIMUM __9____. Enter numbers or Roman Numerals. Step 3: Characterizing the artcle (0.5 points for each TRUE /FALSE or YES / NO queston) Informaton about any feld of expertse can be obtained from many sources, with various degrees of reliability. In this secton we consider the author’s intentons, the types of sources used to support their arguments or “story”, and how evidence was used in those arguments. Please review the defnitons for a “primary”, “secondary” and “tertary” source at: htp://scwrl.ubc.ca/student-resources/fnding-identfying-and-citng-sources/identfying-diferent-types-of-sources/ For each “characteristc” of the artcle we’ve read choose TRUE or FALSE . (On the Reading Assignment Quiz, read each queston carefully to ensure you are answering the queston correctly as questons in the Quiz may be listed in a diferent order than in this Worksheet.)  FALSE Our artcle was writen by the author(s) mainly to present their own previously unpublished new developments or discoveries.  TRUE The central message of our paper was based predominantly on work already presented in earlier publicatons or other forms of communicaton.  TRUE Our reading is mainly targetng a general non-scientfc audience.  TRUE The content in our reading is presented in a non-technical manner, without presentng a complete “chain of evidence” using formal references and citatons.  FALSE This artcle is published in a peer reviewed journal (disregarding comments from an editor). Summer 2019, EOSC 114 Earthquakes Reading Assignment Page 4 of 9 Downloaded by Meera Singh (meerasingh2024@gmail.com) lOMoARcPSD|36815494

 __i____“ Yamaguchi took samples of the cedars and found that they had died at the same tme” .  ___i___“ Trees of the so-called ghost forest on Washington’s coast died slowly as sea water gradually rose .”  Which one of these statements most clearly artculates the overarching claim of thisartcle? o We (humanity) know enough about mega-quakes and resultng tsunami to take actons that will save lives but society seems unwilling to take the necessary steps. ----------------------- o Mega-quakes are difcult to predict so society is not prepared to try. o The town of Seaside, Oregon, is not sufciently prepared to do what’s needed to minimize the efects of a large tsunami arriving at its coast. o Mega-quakes experienced in Japan have provided good examples of what Western North America is likely to experience. o We do not yet know enough about the earthquake history of the Cascadia region to commit to any specifc mitgatng strategies. o Scientsts of many types are working hard individually and collaboratvely to understand both the history and likely future patern of megathrust earthquakes in the Cascadia region. Was each of the following claims supported with arguments or discussions presented in this artcle? Choose YES or NO .  YES “ The stuck edge of North America is compressing eastward at the rate of thirty to forty millimeters a year ”  NO “ Rocks making up the edge of North America are young and stll relatvely elastc ” Arguments that support claims. For each of the following, choose TRUE if the statement given in italics is part of an argument that supports the corresponding claim (as paraphrased from the artcle). If not, choose FALSE .  TRUE The statement: “ In 2009, he found some land for sale outside the inundaton zone, and proposed building a new K-12 campus there ” is part of an argument that supports the claim: “ A mega-quake occurred in the Cascadia region in 1700.”  TRUE The statement: “ FEMA calculates that 3,000 schools will not survive a magnitude 9.0 earthquake in the Cascadia region ” is part of an argument that supports the claim: “ The region is not well prepared for the efects of a mega-quake.”  FALSE The statement: “ Samples of the sea foor were collected all along the Pacifc West Coast to determine where and when underwater landslides occurred ” is part of an argument that supports the claim: “ A mega-quake occurred in the Cascadia region in 1700.”  FALSE The statement: “ Dendrochronology in ‘ghost forest’ trees revealed that the date of the last growth rings in all trees was 1699 ” is part of an argument that supports the claim: “ The region is not well prepared for the efects of a mega-quake.” Arguments supported by data. Was each of the following arguments supported by describing or citng data, methods, or people responsible for the informaton? Choose YES or NO .  NO “ North America bulges upwards an average of 3 mm to 4 mm per year ”  YES “ We now know that the Pacifc Northwest has experienced forty-one subducton-zone earthquakes in the past ten thousand years”  YES “ FEMA calculates that two thirds of railways and airports will collapse or be compromised in the earthquake” Summer 2019, EOSC 114 Earthquakes Reading Assignment Page 6 of 9 Downloaded by Meera Singh (meerasingh2024@gmail.com) lOMoARcPSD|36815494

What kind of data are each of the following? Choose an opton to fll the blank.  The data on “ average recurrence interval of Cascadia megathrust earthquakes ” is bestdescribedas ______ . o a quantty or quanttes that were measured with instruments of some sort o informaton that was observed – i.e., seen or notced, not measured with instruments o data that was simulated, modelled or calculated --------------------------- o informaton collected from people, archives, records etc. o not really data at all  In the statement “ the frst sign that the Cascadia earthquake has begun will be a compressional wave ”,the exact arrival tme of that compressional wave is bestdescribedas ______ . o a quantty or quanttes that were measured with instruments of some sort -------------------- o informaton that was observed – i.e., seen or notced, not measured with instruments o data that was simulated, modelled or calculated o informaton collected from people, archives, records etc. o not really data at all  The data on “historical writen accounts of tsunami occurrences in Japanese harbours” are bestdescribedas ______ . o a quantty or quanttes that were measured with instruments of some sort o informaton that was observed – i.e., seen or notced, not measured with instruments o data that was simulated, modelled or calculated o informaton collected from people, archives, records etc. ------------------------- o not really data at all Step 4: Feedback questons  Name one thing you learned from reading this artcle that surprised you the most. ______________I learned that the efects of earthquake are measured in detail by the Mercalli intensity levels_________________________________________________________________________________  What is one queston you would like to ask to clarify some aspect of this reading? _____________________I would like to know when the next big one would occur__________________________________________________________________________  Do you have now, or have you ever had, any sort of Emergency Preparedness Kit? Please answer honestly – there are no “correct” or “wrong” answers. o Yes. o Yes, I did in a previous home but I do not have one currently. o No, I need one but haven’t got around to making/buying one. ------------------ o No, I don’t know what such a kit should contain. o No, I don’t think I’ll need one.  This Reading Assignment increased your knowledge or understanding about the underlying processes causing earthquakes andtsunami. o Strongly agree o Agree --------------- o Neutral o Disagree o Strongly disagree  This Reading Assignment increased your understanding of how society reacts to knowledge about naturaldisasters. o Strongly agree o Agree ----------------- o Neutral Summer 2019, EOSC 114 Earthquakes Reading Assignment Page 7 of 9 Downloaded by Meera Singh (meerasingh2024@gmail.com) lOMoARcPSD|36815494

The MOST COMMON ERROR made by students in the past is not reading questons on the Homework Quiz carefully. So, work on your Quiz with this completed Worksheet beside you. Remember our CLASS CODE OF CONDUCT, and UBC’s strict rules regarding academic integrity. See htp://www.calendar.ubc.ca/vancouver/?tree=3,54,111,959 . Summer 2019, EOSC 114 Earthquakes Reading Assignment Page 9 of 9 Downloaded by Meera Singh (meerasingh2024@gmail.com) lOMoARcPSD|36815494