Wildfire Studies: Understanding Fire Behavior and Management

Question 10. Watch the Unit 7 Part 2 lecture video and answer the following question: Why do trees not survive fires as well as grasses? a. Because crown fires are hotter than surface fires c. Because trees have a smaller surface to volume ratio b. Because trees cannot regrow if only the roots remain. d. All the above Question 9. Watch the Unit 7 Part 2 lecture video and answer the following question: What is the lesson of The Legend of Coyote in terms of wildfires? a. Fire is the Devils only friend b. Only you can fight forest fires c. Fire renews d. Fire is destructive to all life Question 8. Watch the Unit 7 Part 2 lecture video and answer the following question: What was original policy of the U.S. Forest Service toward fighting wildfires? a. Aggressively fight all wildfires b. Only fight small wildfires c. Not to fight any wildfires d. Permit wildfires to burn in primitive areas where people and structures are not in danger Question 7. Watch the Unit 7 Part 2 lecture video and answer the following question: Why is it good to let smaller surface wildfires burn? a. They remove grasses so that trees can flourish b. They remove hiding places for animals to make hunting easier c. They remove excess fuels that could lead to much bigger wildfires d. It is never good to let any wildfires burn

Question 6. Watch the Unit 7 Part 1 lecture video and answer the following question: Which region of the United States has the highest potential for developing very large fires? a. Texas region b. The western coastal states c. The deserts and mountains of the west d. The southeast Question 5. Watch the Unit 7 Part 1 lecture video and answer the following question: Which of the following does NOT influence the potential for a wildfire to spread? a. The type of vegetation b. The amount of rainfall c. The steepness of the topography d. All of the above influence the potential for a wildfire to spread Question 4. Watch the Unit 7 Part 1 lecture video and answer the following question: What kind of fire involves the burning of the tops of tress? a. A ground fire b. A surface fire c. A ladder fire d. A crown fire Question 3. Watch the Unit 7 Part 1 lecture video and answer the following question: What kind of fire involves the burning of grasses? a. A ground fire b. A surface fire c. A ladder fire d. A crown fire

Part 1. Question 2. Watch the Unit 7 Part 1 lecture video and answer the following question: In which phase of a wildfire are fuels induced to give off flammable vapors? a. The preignition phase b. The combustion phase c. The smoldering phase d. The ignition phase Question 1. Watch the Unit 7 Part 1 lecture video and answer the following question: Which of the following best describes what fire is? a. A mechanical reaction b. A chemical reaction c. A fission reaction d. A fusion reaction Question 1. Watch the Unit 7 Part 3 lecture video and answer the following question: What is a fireline? a. The front edge of a fast-moving surface fire b. A line where brush or trees have been removed preventing a fire form passing c. A fire purposely set to remove fuels in front of a larger fire d. A process by which wildland firefighters spread out along a line in front of a fire to attack it broadly Question 2. Watch the Unit 7 Part 3 lecture video and answer the following question: What is a backburn? a. The slow-moving rear edge of a fire. b. When a change in wind direction carries burning embers to unburnt areas behind a fire. c. A fire purposely set to remove fuels in front of a larger fire. d. When a fire reverses direction and burns fuels remaining from its initial passage over an area.

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Part 3. Question 3. Watch the Unit 7 Part 3 lecture video and answer the following question: What kind of plane was the first air tanker used to fight a wildfire? a. A blimp b. A cropduster c. A seaplane d. A WWI fighter Question 4. Watch the Unit 7 Part 3 lecture video and answer the following question: Where do airtankers generally drop their loads? a. Directly on the front of the fire to stop its spread b. Directly on the back of a fire to stop its retreat c. Ahead of a fire to prevent new fuels from igniting d. On buildings to keep them from burning Unit 7. Part 3. Question 5. Watch the Unit 7 Part 3 lecture video and answer the following question: What is an advantage that air tankers have over helitankers? a. They can refill locally in small bodies of water. b. They can make more targeted drops. c. They carry more water or fire retardant. d. All the above Question 6. Watch the Unit 7 Part 3 lecture video and answer the following question: What is the main purpose of a smoke jumper? a. To rescue people from remote cabins during a wildfire b. To jump over fires c. To get to and fight remote wildfires before they become too destructive d. To catch dangerous criminals who escape from Hot Shot chain gangs

Question 7. Watch the Unit 7 Part 4 lecture video and answer the following question: What is the most common cause of death by wildland firefighters? a. Airtanker crashes b. Parachute accidents c. Heart attacks d. Getting overrun by a fire Part 4. Question 8. Watch the Unit 7 Part 4 lecture video and answer the following question: Which of the following are fire shelters designed to do? a. Reflect radiant heat b. Serve as a last resort if trapped by an approaching fire c. Trap breathable air d. All the above Question 9. Watch the Unit 7 Part 4 lecture video and answer the following question: Why were the Granite Mountain Hotshot Crew not able to survive being overrun by the fire? a. They were not able clear any of the fuels around them b. They were not able to deploy their fire shelters c. The fire was too hot d. All the above Question 10. Watch the Unit 7 Part 4 lecture video and answer the following question: What went wrong that led to the deaths of the Granite Mountain Hotshot Crew? a. A sudden downdraft changed the direction of the fire. b. The crew did not have GPS to relay their exact coordinates. c. The air tanker flying above did not know their location. d. All the above

8.1. In Wikipedia, look up "Asteroid", read the intro and then scroll down to "Size distribution" and answer this question: What is the size range of asteroids? a. 1-10 km b. 1-100 km c. 1-1,000 km d. 1-10,000 km In Wikipedia, look up "Regolith" and answer this question: What is regolith? a. Small asteroids resulting from a collision of a larger one. b. Large boulders often found scattered on airless surfaces c. A blanket of unconsolidated, loose deposits covering solid rock. d. Radiation that reflects off of metallic asteroids 8.3. In Wikipedia, look up "Asteroid", read the intro and then scroll down to "Distribution within the Solar System", and answer this question: Where are asteroids located? a. The asteroid belt b. Co-orbital with Jupiter c. Near Earth's orbit d. All the above 8.4. In Wikipedia, look up "Asteroid Belt" and answer this question: The total mass of the asteroid belt is approximately what percent of the mass of the Moon? a. 3% (1/33rd the mass of the Moon) b. 25% (1/4th the mass of the Moon) c. 100% (the same as the mass of the Moon) d. 500% (5 times the mass of the Moon)

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8.5. In Wikipedia, look up "Comet" and answer this question: Which of the following is a characteristic of comets? a. They are relatively small icy bodies. b. They release gas when the warm as they approach the Sun. c. They have highly elliptical orbits around the Sun. d. All the above 8.6. In Wikipedia, look up " pile" and answer this question: Most comets and small asteroids are thought to be rubble piles. Which of the following is a characteristic of a rubble pile? a. They consist of numerous pieces of rock that have coalesced under the influence of gravity. b. They have low density because there are large cavities between the various chunks that make them up. c. When they pass close to a much more massive object, tidal forces change their shape. d. All the above 8.7. In Wikipedia, look up "Comet", read the intro and then scroll down to "Tails", and answer this question: Which of the following is not a type of comet tail? a. One made of dust released when ice sublimates (turns from solid to gas) as they get close to the Sun b. One made of gas when ice sublimates as they get close to the Sun c. One made of house-sized chunks of ice and rock when comets break up as they get close to the Sun d. All the above are types of comet tails

8.8. In Wikipedia, look up "Comet", read the intro and then scroll down to "Tails", and answer this question: Which tail points away from the Sun? a. The dust tail b. The gas tail c. The chunks of rock tail d. No comet tail points away from the Sun 8.9. In Wikipedia, look up "Halley's Comet" and answer this question: What is special about Halley's comet? a. It is the only comet that is regularly visible to the naked eye that can appear twice in a human lifetime. b. It is the largest comet in the Solar System. c. It comes from another Solar System. d. It is the only comet that we have landed a spacecraft on. 8.10. In Wikipedia, look up "Meteor shower", read the intro and then scroll down to "Origin of meteoroid streams", and answer this question: What is the cause of meteor showers? a. Streams of debris from a comet. b. Streams of debris from an asteroid. c. The breakup of a comet in Earth's atmosphere. d. Random meteoroids 8.11. In Wikipedia, look up "Impact crater", read the intro and then scroll down to "Crater formation", and answer this question: Why are craters nearly always round? a. Because asteroid and comets invariable strike from

straight above the surface. b. Because initial contact is always a single point regardless of the impact angle. c. Because they are caused be explosions. d. They are not initially, but subsequent collapse of the crater walls during the modification stage serves to round them. 8.12. In Wikipedia, look up "Impact crater" and answer this question: Which of the following is not a characteristic of impact craters? a. They are approximately circular depression in the surface of a planet, moon, or other solid body. b. They typically have raised rims and floors that are lower in elevation than the surrounding terrain. c. They range from small, simple, bowl-shaped depressions to large, complex, multi-ringed impact basins. d. All the above are characteristics of impact craters. 8.13. In Wikipedia, look up "Clearwater Lakes", read the intro and then scroll down to "Impact Craters" (make sure to read this entire section!) and answer this question: What which of the following is not a true statement about the two Clearwater Lakes East and West? a. They are impact craters b. They are the same age c. They are both complex craters d. All of the above are true about these lakes 8.14. In Wikipedia, look up "Kentland crater" and answer this question: What is unique about the Kentland impact crater? a. It is in Indiana b. It is the largest preserved impact crater on Earth c. It is the oldest recognized impact crater on Earth d. It is the impact crater that caused the extinction of the

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dinosaurs 8.15. In Wikipedia, look up "Shatter cone" and answer this question: What is a shatter cone? a. A type of impact crater where the central peak is shaped like a cone. b. A type of crater where the crater floor is conical instead of bowl shaped. c. It describes the fact that fractures occur at deeper depths below an impact crater then to the sides. d. A conical shaped fracture of rock indicative of the passage of a shock wave due to an impact 8.16. In Wikipedia, look up "Cretaceous–Paleogene extinction event" and answer this question: Which of the following is an accurate statement regarding the Cretaceous–Paleogene extinction event? a. It was a sudden mass extinction of three-quarters of the plant and animal species (including the dinosaurs) on Earth approximately 66 million years ago. b. It is marked by a thin layer of sediment called the K–Pg boundary, which can be found throughout the world in marine and terrestrial rocks. c. It was thought to have been caused by the impact of a massive comet or asteroid 10 to 15 km in diameter which devastated the global environment. d. All the above 8.17. In Wikipedia, look up "Chicxulub crater" and answer this question: The Chicxulub impact is thought to be responsible for the extinction of the dinosaurs. What is the evidence that the Chicxulub crater was due to an asteroid impact? a. It contains an abundance of iridium

b. It contains an abundance of shocked quartz c. It has the shape of an impact crater included a peak ring. d. All the above 8.18. In Wikipedia, look up "Near-Earth object" and answer this question: Which of the following is not a correct statement about near-Earth objects? a. The object's orbit brings it to within ~1.3 au of the Sun. b. There are less than 1000 known near-Earth objects of any size c. Most near-Earth objects are asteroids d. All the above are correct statements 8.19. In Wikipedia, look up "Asteroid impact avoidance" and answer this question: What is the main strategy to avoid being hit by a large near-Earth object on a collision course with Earth? a. To destroy it b. To divert it so that it does not hit us c. To develop underground bunkers capable of withstanding a large impact d. There is nothing we can do except count on getting lucky 8.20. In Wikipedia, look up "Double Asteroid Redirection Test" and answer this question: What was the objective of the Double Asteroid Redirection Test? a. To use an oil rig drilling crew to plant a nuclear device to split an Earth-bound asteroid in two such that both halves miss the Earth to either side by 400 km (oh wait, that is the solution used in the movie Armageddon).

b. To use a nuclear device to blow up an Earth-bound comet into small enough pieces that they burn up in our atmosphere (oh wait, that is the solution in the movie Deep Impact). c. To drop a nuclear device (hand-held no less) into a volcano to cause a chain reaction of M16+ earthquakes (which itself would break the planet) that changes the angular inertia of the Earth, thus causing it to move out of the way of an incoming asteroid (oh wait, that is the solution used in the movie Asteroid vs Earth – seriously!). d. To deliberately crash a space probe into the asteroid moon Dimorphos to assess the future potential of a spacecraft impact to deflect an asteroid on a collision course with Earth. Quiz 15: Unit 8. Part 1. Question 1. Watch the Unit 8 Part 1 lecture video and answer the following question: What do most asteroids look like? a. Spherical shaped with smooth surfaces b. Spherical shaped with rough surfaces containing many sharp edges c. Irregularly shaped with smooth surfaces d. Irregularly shaped with rough surfaces containing many sharp edges Quiz 15: Unit 8. Part 1. Question 2. Watch the Unit 8 Part 1 lecture video and answer the following question: What is regolith? a. Small asteroids resulting from a collision of a larger one. b. Large boulders often found scattered on airless surfaces.

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c. Regolith is the outer layer of an asteroid made up of ice and gas. d. A layer of dust and small particles that rain down on their surface after impacts. Quiz 15: Unit 8. Part 1. Question 3. Watch the Unit 8 Part 1 lecture video and answer the following question: What is unusual about asteroid Bennu compared to larger asteroids? a. It has no regolith b. It is made of almost all ice c. It is made of almost all metal d. It orbits in the opposite direction of the rest of the asteroid belt Quiz 15: Unit 8. Part 1. Question 4. Watch the Unit 8 Part 1 lecture video and answer the following question: Where do the Trojan asteroids orbit? a. Between Mars and Jupiter b. Between the Sun and Mercury c. Within Jupiter's orbit d. Between the Earth and Mars Quiz 15: Unit 8. Part 2. Question 5. Watch the Unit 8 Part 2 lecture video and answer the following question: Why is do comets have an average density less than that of ice? a. Because they contain a lot of hydrogen. b. Because they are extremely hot inside. c. Because they have small gravities. d. Because they have a significant amount of empty space in their interiors.

Quiz 15: Unit 8. Part 2. Question 6. Watch the Unit 8 Part 2 lecture video and answer the following question: Why do comets readily come apart before impact? a. Rapid degassing tears them apart. b. Because they are a loose collection of rocks (a rubble pile). c. They have a metallic component that is repelled by the magnetic field. d. Because they are made of a soft, gooey material. Quiz 15: Unit 8. Part 2. Question 7. Watch the Unit 8 Part 2 lecture video and answer the following question: Which is a characteristic of a comet gas tail? a. It is illuminated from reflected sunlight. b. It points away from the Sun. c. It points away from the Sun and rotates away from the direction the comet is traveling. d. It is swept away from the comet by pressure from sunlight. Quiz 15: Unit 8. Part 2. Question 8. Watch the Unit 8 Part 2 lecture video and answer the following question: Which is a characteristic of a comet dust tail? a. It is illuminated by excitation from ultraviolet light. b. It points away from the Sun. c. It points away from the Sun and rotates away from the direction the comet is traveling. d. It is swept away from the comet by the solar wind. Quiz 16: Unit 8. Part 2. Question 9. Watch the Unit 8 Part 2 lecture video and answer the following question: Why is Haley's comet the most famous of all comets? a. It is the only comet visible to the naked eye that comes around once in a lifetime. b. Because it passes to closest to Earth of any comet.

c. It has the longest tail of any comet viewed from Earth. d. Because it is actually an asteroid with a tail. Quiz 15: Unit 8. Part 2. Question 10. Watch the Unit 8 Part 2 lecture video and answer the following question: Where do meteor showers arise from? a. From when a meteoroid strikes the Earth. b. From when charged particles from the Sun collide with Earth's atmosphere. c. From when random solar dust hits the Earth. d. From when Earth passes through the remnants of a comet. Quiz 16: Unit 8. Part 3. Question 1. Watch the Unit 8 Part 3 lecture video and answer the following question: Why are impact craters generally 10-30 times bigger than the impactor itself and almost always round? a. Because impacts occur at very high speeds b. Because impacts generate a shock wave that spreads out in all directions c. Because impacts behave just like explosions d. All the above Quiz 16: Unit 8. Part 3. Question 2. Watch the Unit 8 Part 3 lecture video and answer the following question: Which craters have central peaks? a. Simple craters b. Complex craters c. Peak-ring craters d. Multi-ring basins Quiz 16: Unit 8. Part 3. Question 3. Watch the Unit 8 Part 3 lecture video and answer the following question: What are there more impact craters on the Moon compared to the Earth?

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a. The Moon is closer to the asteroid belt. b. The Moon has no erosional processes to remove impact craters. c. The Moon gets hit by asteroids more often than the Earth. d. The Earth has a larger mass. Quiz 16: Unit 8. Part 3. Question 4. Watch the Unit 8 Part 3 lecture video and answer the following question: Why does the Kentland Crater in Indiana not look like an impact crater? a. Because it is overlain by corn fields b. Because the top of the crater was removed by glaciation c. Because it was destroyed by mining d. Because its topography is covered by a lake Quiz 16: Unit 8. Part 4. Question 5. Watch the Unit 8 Part 4 lecture video and answer the following question: What percent of species on Earth died off at the Cretaceous-Paleogene extinction event? a. ~25% b. ~50% c. ~75% d. ~90% 9.20. In Wikipedia, look up "Artificial gravity" and answer this question: True or False: In a spacecraft, an inertial force that mimics the effects of a gravity can be created by spinning the spacecraft. True False 9.19. In Wikipedia, look up "Effect of spaceflight on the human body" and answer this question: Which of the following is not an effect of prolonged weightlessness?

a. Muscle atrophy b. Deterioration of the skeleton c. Changes in the immune system d. All the above are effects of prolonged weightlessness 9.18. In Wikipedia, look up "Kessler syndrome" and answer this question: What is the Kessler syndrome? a. A scenario in which collisions between space debris in orbit could cause a cascade in which each collision generates more space debris that causes further collisions. b. A psychological effect of space travel that causes astronauts to become non-compliant. c. A chain reaction within a solid rocket engine that causes overpressure followed by explosion. d. Where competition for limited resources within a space or planet colony leads to violence. 9.17. In Wikipedia, look up "Space debris" and answer this question: How many pieces of debris of any size are estimated to be in orbit around the Earth? a. Between 100,000 and 200,000 b. Between 1 and 2 million c. Between 10 and 20 million d. More than 100 million 9.16. In Wikipedia, look up "2009 satellite collision" and answer this question: Which statement of the 2009 satellite collision is true? a. The satellite collision was done on purpose as a test of an anti-satellite weapon. b. By 2011 over 2000 large debris fragments were catalogued. c. A small piece of satellite debris hit the International Space Station damaging a solar panel.

d. All the above 9.15. In Wikipedia, look up "Colonization of Mars", read the intro and then scroll down to "Radiation", look at the plot of Compares of radiation doses, and answer this question: Compared to the US Annual Average of radiation exposure (Dose Equivalent), how much more radiation will an astronaut experience by traveling to Mars or living on its surface for 500 days (note that this plot is logarithmic)? a. 2 times b. 10 times c. 20 times d. 100 times 9.14. In Wikipedia, look up "Solar flare" and answer this question: Which is not a danger of a solar flare? a. High dosages of radiation to spacecraft and astronauts b. Disruption to electric power grids c. They can scorch the Earth (set forests on fire) d. All the above 9.13. In Wikipedia, look up "Solar Wind" and answer this question: What is the solar wind? a. A stream of charged particles released from the upper atmosphere of the Sun. b. An intense localized eruption of electromagnetic radiation in the Sun's atmosphere. c. Pressure caused by photons (light). d. Forces associated with the heliosphere (the Sun's magnetic field) 9.12. In Wikipedia, look up "Micrometeoroid", read the intro and then scroll down to "Effect on spacecraft operations", and answer this question: How does a Whipple shield (meteor bumper) protect a spacecraft from micrometeoroid impacts?

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a. Slanted hull geometries cause micrometeoroids to deflect without penetrating the spacecraft outer wall. b. An outer thin foil film vaporizes the micrometeoroid, diffusing its energy before it impacts with the spacecraft outer wall. c. A strong outer shell made of iron coated with cobalt is strong enough to prevent micrometeoroids from penetrating the spacecraft outer wall. d. A thick spongy layer of material surrounding the spacecraft absorbs the energy and captures the micrometeorite, preventing it from penetrating the spacecraft outer wall. 9.11. In Wikipedia, look up "Micrometeoroid", read the intro and then scroll down to "Effect on spacecraft operations", and answer this question: What is the danger of micrometeoroids to space exploration? a. Their large size b. The manner in which they disrupt communications c. Their extremely high velocity d. All the above 9.10. In Wikipedia, look up "Jerrie Cobb" and answer this question: Which of the following did Jerry Cobb accomplish in her lifetime? a. She was also part of the Mercury 13, a group of women who underwent physiological screening tests at the same time as the original Mercury Seven astronauts. b. She set numerous aviation records and became a consultant for NASA. c. She conducted over 30 years of missionary work in South America and was honored by 5 governments. d. All the above

9.9. In Wikipedia, look up "Space Shuttle Columbia disaster" and answer this question: What killed the Space Shuttle Columbia astronauts? a. The vehicle exploded early in its flight. b. Actually, the astronauts survived an oxygen tank explosion. c. A cabin fire during a launch rehearsal test. d. The vehicle disintegrated during reentry. 9.8. In Wikipedia, look up "Space Shuttle Challenger disaster" and answer this question: According to the Roger's commission, what administrative failures within the Space Shuttle program led to the Challenger disaster? a. NASA's organizational culture and decision-making processes were flawed. b. Test data revealed a potentially catastrophic flaw in the design of the boosters and neither NASA nor SRB manufacturer Morton Thiokol addressed the issue. c. NASA managers disregarded engineers' warnings about the dangers of launching in cold temperatures and did not report these technical concerns to their superiors. d. All the above 9.7. In Wikipedia, look up "Space Shuttle Challenger disaster" and answer this question: What was the cause of the Space Shuttle Challenger disaster? a. The external oxygen tank ruptured. b. The failure of one of the three liquid orbiter engines. c. The failure of O-ring seals in a joint in one of the solid rocket boosters. d. The failure of a strut that attached the orbiter to the external tank.

9.6. In Wikipedia, look up "Space Shuttle Challenger disaster" and answer this question: What killed the Space Shuttle Challenger astronauts? a. The vehicle exploded early in its flight . b. Actually, the astronauts survived an oxygen tank explosion. c. A cabin fire during a launch rehearsal test. d. The vehicle disintegrated during reentry. 9.5. In Wikipedia, look up "Soyuz 11" and answer this question: True or False: The three crew members of Soyuz 11 are the only humans to have died in space. True False 9.4. In Wikipedia, look up "Apollo 13" and answer this question: After the oxygen tank explosion damaged the service module, how did the astronauts survive the return back to Earth? a. They lived in the command module. b. They landed on the Moon with the lunar module and waited for rescue. c. The fixed the service module using parts from the lunar module. d. They used the lunar module as a lifeboat. 9.3. In Wikipedia, look up "Apollo 13" and answer this question: What killed the Apollo 13 astronauts? a. The vehicle exploded early in its flight. b. Actually, the astronauts survived an oxygen tank explosion. c. A cabin fire during a launch rehearsal test. d. The vehicle disintegrated during reentry.

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9.2. In Wikipedia, look up "Apollo 1", read the intro and then scroll down to "Choice of pure oxygen atmosphere", and answer this question: North American Aviation had suggested using an oxygen/nitrogen mixture for the Apollo capsules, but NASA overruled this. What did NASA judge to be the advantages of using a pure oxygen environment? a. It was safer b. It was less complicated c. It was lighter in weight d. All the above 9.1. In Wikipedia, look up "Apollo 1" and answer this question: What killed the Apollo 1 astronauts? a. The vehicle exploded early in its flight. b. Actually, the astronauts survived an oxygen tank explosion. c. A cabin fire during a launch rehearsal test. d. The vehicle disintegrated during reentry. Quiz 17: Unit 9. Part 2. Question 10. Watch the Unit 9 Part 2 lecture video and answer the following question: Prior to the Space Shuttle Columbia disaster, how many times had the orbiter been hit by debris form the external tank and solid rocket boosters? a. 14 times b. 298 times c. 4900 times d. over 15,000 times Quiz 17: Unit 9. Part 2. Question 9. Watch the Unit 9 Part 2 lecture video and answer the following question: What else was happening on the same day (January 28, 1986) that the Space Shuttle Challenger blew up? a. President Reagan's State of Union speech b. The Superbowl c. Halley's Comet reaches the closest point to the Earth

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d. The Soviet Union launches the Mir space station Quiz 17: Unit 9. Part 2. Question 8. Watch the Unit 9 Part 2 lecture video and answer the following question: Why did the Space Shuttle Challenger explode killing all 7 astronauts? a. NASA was aware of and ignored the implications of O-ring damage on numerous recovered booster hardware. b. The launch took place under cold temperature conditions that had never even been tested, exasperating the O-ring problem. c. Managers at NASA and Morton Thiokol ignored the advice of engineers that it was not safe to launch. d. All the above Quiz 17: Unit 9. Part 2. Question 7. Watch the Unit 9 Part 2 lecture video and answer the following question: What fraction of solid rocket boosters experienced O-ring damage prior to the Challenger explosion? a. None b. 10% c. A third d. 100% Quiz 17: Unit 9. Part 2. Question 6. Watch the Unit 9 Part 2 lecture video and answer the following question: On the Space Shuttle Solid Rocket Boosters, what is a field joint? a. Where the solid rocket boosters are attached to the external tank. b. Where two segments of a solid rocket booster need to be attached on the launchpad. c. Where the solid rocket boosters are attached to the launch pad. d. Where the nose cone is attached to the rest of the solid rocket booster.

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Quiz 17: Unit 9. Part 1. Question 5. Watch the Unit 9 Part 1 lecture video and answer the following question: Why was Jerrie Cobb denied entry into the Mercury Astronaut Program? a. Because she could not pass the physical requirements. b. Because she could not pass the physiological requirements. c. Because she was a woman. d. All the above Quiz 17: Unit 9. Part 1. Question 4. Watch the Unit 9 Part 1 lecture video and answer the following question: What killed the Soyuz 11 astronauts? a. Asphyxiation after a ventilation valve broke during reentry b. Their capsule crashed due to a parachute failure c. Their rocket blew up during launch d. A fire broke out in their capsule when docking with the Mir space station Quiz 17: Unit 9. Part 1. Question 3. Watch the Unit 9 Part 1 lecture video and answer the following question: 87. What killed the Apollo 13 astronauts? a. An oxygen tank blew up destroying their capsule in route to the Moon. b. A fire broke out in their capsule during testing. c. They crash landed on the Moon. d. Actually, they survived an oxygen tank explosion and made it back to Earth. Quiz 17: Unit 9. Part 1. Question 2. Watch the Unit 9 Part 1 lecture video and answer the following question: Why did the Apollo capsules not use a nitrogen/oxygen mixture for air, which is less flammable than a pure oxygen mixture? a. Because the technology to properly mix nitrogen and oxygen did not exist in the 1960s. b. Because a pure oxygen environment is healthier for the

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astronauts to breath. c. Because the hardware required for a pure oxygen environment is lighter and simpler. d. Because NASA was not aware of the inherent dangers of a pure oxygen environment. Quiz 17: Unit 9. Part 1. Question 1. Watch the Unit 9 Part 1 lecture video and answer the following question: What killed the Apollo 1 astronauts? a. Their spacecraft blew up during takeoff b. A fire broke out in their capsule during testing c. They crash landed on the Moon d. They froze in space and eventually stopped thinking

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