Briana Anastasi - Lab 1 & 2
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Dec 6, 2023
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Briana Anastasi
Professor Pangallozzi GEOG 101 8 September 23
Lab 1 & 2
1.
How would you characterize the nature of Wegener’s education? Wegener was very committed to his education and was willing to learn more than just the basic sciences. Wegener also had a passion for nature so, when he was a child, he’d always be out with his family, which sparked his interest in nature and studying parts of Earth. 2.
How do you think his education might have influenced his work in geology? Wegener was very involved in taking classes that specialized in earth science as well as listening
to lectures by philosophers and learning about thermodynamics. His work was based on nature and finding out more about the world.
3.
Briefly explain the theory of continental drift and how it changed our understanding of the Earth. Continental drift is a theory where the continents broke apart and slowly moved over time to their current locations. Our understanding of Earth changed because it helped scientists understand plate tectonics. 4.
How did the delay in mapmaking from Challenger data impede understanding of earth dynamics? The delay in mapmaking from Challenger provided us with evidence of continental drift.
5.
On what material was the map originally available in 1890? In 1890, maps were made available on paper.
6.
Describe how the map shows marshy areas. The map shows marshy areas in blue.
7.
Look at the various hills on the map (Monday Hill, Beech Hill, Turkey Hill, Sawyers Hill, etc.) and describe how the cartographer indicates elevation. Note the ‘contour’ interval at the bottom of the map in your answer. A contour interval is the vertical distance or difference in elevation between contour lines.
The cartographer indicates elevation by how much the lines have been spread out. The closer in distance the liners are, the steeper the slope. 8.
How does the map portray elevation changes below the surface of water? The map portrays elevation changes below the surface of water by using light blue lines.
9.
At the bottom of the map, what does ‘scale’ mean? The ratio between a distance on a map and the equivalent distance on the ground is referred to as
the "map scale."
10. Describe a choropleth map. A choropleth map uses different shadows of colors to represent data changes in different places. 11. Describe a dot distribution map. Dot distribution maps have small dots in different places representing the quantity of each area.
12. Describe a graduated symbol map. How does a graduated symbol map differ from a proportional symbol map? A graduated symbol map presents dots ranging in size to the value of the quantity of that location. This differs from proportional symbol maps because the size of the dots depends on the
magnitude. 13. Describe an isoline map. On a map, isolines are lines that link data points with the same value. 14. Describe a cartograph. A cartograph is a special kind of map that connects geographic position with statistics. 15. Describe a dasymetric map. In order to more accurately reflect the population distribution, dasymetric mapping uses borders to split the area into zones of relative uniformity. 16. What organizations created the County Health Rankings? The Robert Wood Johnson Foundation and the University of Wisconsin Population Health Institute created the County Health Rankings.
17. Are the organizations in the field of public health? Yes, both organizations are in the field of public health.
18. Would they generally be considered to have the authority to create the data? Yes, they would be considered to have the authority to create the data because the informati0on presented helps the general public.
19. What appears to be the primary statistic used to create the county health rankings? The primary statistic used is based on life expectancy in each state.
20. New York, Los Angeles, and Chicago are the largest cities in the U.S. in terms of population. Judging by life expectancy, is public health in these cities better or worse than average? The life expectancy is better than average in New York, Los Angeles, and Chicago as their life expectancy is relatively lower than the rest.
21. What factor that explains the low life expectancy of these purple counties is apparent from the maps that came up in your google search? (Hint: The counties in New Mexico and Arizona with the lowest life expectancy share the same issue.) The counties that lie within the dark purple in the Midwest are within Indian Tribes.
22. Submit the instant app here link. Loss of a full point if link is broken. https://gis-core.maps.arcgis.com/apps/instant/basic/index.html?appid=862f257386924438bb7b6af6a9c78575
23. Look at the three graphics shown in link 1.4g. Use them to explain the Modified Areal Unit Problem in your own words.
The Modified Areal Unit is because of the pre-existing graphic boundaries. The boundaries can be scattered so the stats may not be relevant. 24. List three ways discussed by Deluca and Nelson in which maps can be manipulated. Three ways discussed by Deluca and Nelson in which maps can be manipulated are gerrymandering, redrawing district lines in favor of a political party group. Contested territories which may portray differently depending on the map maker and audience changing the way people viewed certain areas. Last, map ads can be manipulated by companies and display false information to the public. 25. Describe the differences between the maps of disease prevalence at links 1.6 and 1.7. The choropleth map has strict boundaries and is color coded. The isopleth map is scattered with many shades of colors across the map.
26. Which map is better? In my opinion, the isopleth map shows a more specific portrayal of the data making it easier to interpret. 27. List the geographies– other than the continental, contiguous United States– covered by the bathymetric layer. Beaufort Sea (above the North Slope), Bering Sea, Gulf of Alaska, North Pacific Ocean, American Samoa, Gulf of Mexico, US Virgin Islands, Puerto Rico and Hawaii.
28. Submit the map, using the same instructions as above, including the entire extent of the US Bathymetric layer. Map must be seen to receive credit. https://gis-core.maps.arcgis.com/apps/instant/basic/index.html?appid=77354dc4936a49a49f13b27b3613b941
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29. What is a csv file and why is it useful?
A comma separated file stores data in a table so it can be easily moved across different software’s. CVS files are useful because they allow for easy transporting of the data to different databases.
30. What is a centroid?
A centroid is the center of an area.
31. What does it mean to make the following observation: The centroid of population in the U.S. has been moving steadily westward since the Revolution of 1776? The centroid of population moved westward since the United States broke away from Great Britian’s rule. Another factor was the gold rush, land ownership, and farming. 32. What does the map tell you about the global distribution of the great-grandparents of students in the class? The map shows that there are many students’ great-grandparents who were both in different parts of Europe. 33. Submit the map. (No credit received if map is not able to be viewed.) https://gis-core.maps.arcgis.com/apps/instant/basic/index.html?appid=3fbae642163742079c550ffbb74eda94