ENVS2270 3_15

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School

University of Guelph *

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Course

2270

Subject

Geography

Date

Oct 30, 2023

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pdf

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Uploaded by ConstableFireLeopard45

Review: - Which part of the Antarctic Ice Sheet is the most vulnerable to global warming?: West - Where, in Canada are coastlines particularly vulnerable to sea-level rise?: The Atlantic - Why are SIDs particularly vulnerable to climate change: At or below sea level - What variables are most often manipulated in climate change experiments?: CO2 concentration, temperature, and precipitation - What are FACE experiments?: Free Air Carbon Dioxide, No chamber walls, flood the air with constant supply of CO2 - What are some limitations associated with chamber experiments?: Lack external validity, chamber effects, Need constant funding Photosynthesis & CO2

Carbon Fertilization ● Elevated CO2 could benefit agriculture and forestry ● Negative impacts of climate change will likely outweigh the “greening” from CO2 fertilization - Drought, floods, extreme weather, shifting seasons, increasing ranges of weeds, invasive species, and plant pests

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Impacts on Natural Ecosystems

Systematic Reviews & Meta-Analyses ● A study of the studies ● Traditional review of the literature - Qualitative, narrative approach - Does not necessarily evaluate strength of evidence ● Systematic Review - Answers a research question by collecting and synthesizing results from primary research - Includes thorough and well-documented methodology ● Meta-analysis - Starts with systematic review but data combined for statistical analysis Range Shifts ● Insects are particularly good at moving with shifting climate - Impact of climate change on shifting pest infestation problems ● Plants (especially fast growing plants) are also capable of moving with shifting climate - Might be a good thing (ability to grow different crops) but it might also be a bad thing in terms of invasive plant species Mountain Pine Beetle ● Massive outbreak in BC starting in 2001 ● Beetle killed over 50% of commercially important pine trees ● Two climate “problems” ● Warmer winters = less beetles dying = larger populations - Summer droughts leads to weakened trees which are preferentially attacked by beetles - Also artificially fire suppression leads to older trees

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Climate Change Impacts ● Genotype = genetic makeup of an organism ● Phenotype = physical characteristics of an organism ● Phenotypic plasticity - Plasticity = changeable - Phenotypic plasticity = change sin an organism over the course of its lifetime (organism's features can be influenced by its environment) - Developmental, behavioral, and physical changes

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