g205_f21_MidtermSG

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University of Waterloo *

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205

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Geography

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Oct 30, 2023

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2

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GEOG 205 Fall 2021 Midterm Exam “Study Guide” General Concepts Geomorphological trinity Driving vs resisting forces Force balance, energy, work Process vs form Assessing process or ideas from imagery Knowledge production (categories, theories, peer review) Knowledge integration ( one week’s content does not exist in isolation ) Week 1: intro Can you define geomorphology and answer questions about its origins? Process, form, transport, setting Process geomorphology from W.M. Davis to today Systems in earth science (matter, energy….open, closed, isolated) Scales time and space Feedbacks Equilibrium and thresholds Week 2: concepts and tools Driving forces energy into the system Resisting forces resist change, dissipate energy How are rates of change controlled by balances between driving and resisting forces? Process what is magnitude and frequency? Do you understand the plot on p. 11? Recurrence interval, recovery time Endogenic vs exogenic processes, slow and fast Force, energy, work don’t nee d equations, but do you understand? What controls resistance to driving force? Do you know how to define, and give an example of, analytical, computational, and experimental tools/perspectives in geomorph? Week 3: weathering and soils What is denudation and what components does it include? Can you define weathering? Why it occurs? How it occurs? Where it occurs? Its timing? Physical vs. chemical weathering…and examples? What is karst? Factors controlling weathering…this is important! Do you understand the figure on p. 34?
What does vegetation do in terms of weathering? What does weathering accomplish, and how is it related to soil? Know soil forming factors, know horizons… Do you know why we would study the critical zone? Can you give examples? Week 4: hillslopes, mass movements Could you determine the difference between weathering, denudation, mass movement, and erosion? What forces are involved in mass movement? Could you draw out a diagram? Shear stress, shear strength, friction, normal stress, cohesion …lots of terms, do you know where to find their definitions? When is a slope stable or unstable? What does water do and why? Importance of vegetation on slopes How and why do we classify mass movements? Could you identify a rockfall vs. a slump? I talked about tree uprooting, although it’s not a focus I could ask a question about it. Week 5: watersheds Do you understand the figure on p. 13? Ultimate, intermediate sinks and sources What is a watershed and why do we care about them? The vast majority of sediment movement to the ocean (ultimate sink) is accomplished by water. Know what watersheds can tell us Drainage patterns
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