Chapter 7 Quiz

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Miami Dade College, Kendall *

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Geography

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Feb 20, 2024

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100 Question 1 In the interior of continents the earth's crust is typically about 40km thick and the elevation is near sea level. In an area where the crust is 20km thick, isostasy would suggest the elevation in this area would be ________ unless the density changes from one area to the other. high mountains below sea level slightly above sea level near sea level Question 2 In a(n) ________ fault, the hanging wall block moves up with respect to the footwall block. normal abnormal reverse strike slip Question 3 The figure above is an oblique Google earth image from southwestern North America looking approximately north. The view is approximately 50km across. The area is a classic area of normal faulting. The area labeled C shows an active fault bounding the range. Which best describes the motion on the fault? west side up east side up south side down right lateral strike-slip north side down

100 Question 5 Grabens are formed by what type of faulting? strike-slip reverse collision normal Question 6 A transform fault is ________. a strike-slip fault that forms the boundary between tectonic plates the rift bounding fault on a mid-ocean ridge a reverse fault that steepens into a thrust fault a dip-slip fault connecting an anticline with a syncline Question 7 In thrust faulting, ________. the crust is shortened and thickened the hanging wall block slips downward along the thrust fault horizontal, tensional stresses drive the deformation grabens develop on the footwall block Question 8 Ocean spreading centers are highlands on the ocean floor, sometimes referred to as submarine mountains. Oceanic crust worldwide is about the same thickness so isostasy would suggest the ocean floor should be as flat as Kansas. Which of the following statements best describes the origin of these submarine mountains? Compression at the ridges produce local uplift along the ridge axis. The mantle beneath the ridges remains hot for millions of years producing an elevated region along the ridge axis because hot rocks are lower density than cold rocks. The ridges are sites of young volcanos that produce high topography on the sea floor, like Hawaii. The ridges represent upwelling zones from the core which produces a bulge at the earth's surface.

100 Question 9 his mountain belt would be called ________. an Andrean mountain belt a collisional mountain belt fault block mountains a terrane accretion mountain belt Question 10 The concepts of "stress" and "strain" are related because ________. "strain" causes "stress" compressional "strain" causes a convergent plate boundary to form compressional "stress" causes a convergent plate boundary to form "stress" causes "strain" Question 11 Orogenesis refers to the formation of mineral deposits. True False Question 12 When the differential stress exceeds the strength of the material, the material will begin to undergo elastic strain. True False Question 13 The ________ is (are) characterized by terrane accretion that has been active throughout most of Mesozoic and Cenozoic time. southern margins of India and Australia western margin of Africa western margin of North America

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100 western margin of the Mid-Atlantic Ridge Question 14 In the figure, the stress on block ' Z ' is ________. shear folding tensional compressional Question 15 Burial of rocks increases the confining pressure so that deeply buried rocks are more likely to ________ than shallow rocks. fold fracture deform shear Question 16 Mountain building uplifts rocks against the force of gravity raising their potential energy, which requires work by the earth system. Based on the relative motion of fault blocks, what type of fault would you expect to require more energy than the others? normal strike-slip thrust There is no way of knowing. Question 17 Folded limestones that are exposed high elevations in the Himalayas were originally deposited as sediments in a ________. late Paleozoic syncline north of the Tibetan Plateau. marine basin between India and Eurasia. deep ocean trench along the southern margin of India. Cenozoic fault basin between Africa and Arabia.

100 Question 18 The boundary between two terranes or two continents that have collided is called a ________. suture join weld stitch Question 19 Island arcs and Andean type mountains are both examples of mountains formed by ________. rifting/oceanic spreading collisional tectonics subduction transform faults Question 20 The Sierra Nevada Mountains of California, and the Teton Mountains of Wyoming, ranges are examples of ________. uplifted blocks bounded by Quaternary reverse faults isostatic uplift of crust over thickened in early Paleozoic time folding, compression, and thickening of Paleozoic strata in Jurassic time fault blocks uplifted by late Tertiary to Quaternary normal faulting Question 21 Most geologists think the elevation of mountains above sea level is limited by earth's gravity because ________. rocks can never reach escape velocity rock cliffs are subject to gravity failure and can only be about 1km high the earth's mantle is too weak to support the load of large mountains thickening of the crust in mountain belts produces a weak deep crust the spreads by gravity collapse, limiting the elevation

100 Question 22 What type of basin would be most likely to contain large amounts of sediments derived from a volcanic source? a forearc basin a passive continental margin a strike-slip basin a continental interior basin Question 23 You are walking north across dipping beds in sedimentary rocks. You walk across 200m of rocks with a relatively constant dip of 20 degrees to the south. Suddenly you come to beds with lower dip that become flat lying, and then dip north across a horizontal distance of only about 30m. As you walk on the beds become more steeply dipping until they dip almost 80 degrees to the north. You walk across these steeply dipping beds for 40m, and then beds return to a south dip of about 20 degrees. What kind of structure(s) did you just walk across? (A sketch may help you solve this problem.) an asymmetric syncline an asymmetric anticline an asymmetric anticline and syncline a symmetric syncline a symmetric anticline Question 24 The Tibetan plateau is high above sea level because ________. crustal thickening over millions of years has produced a thick crust that stands high due to Isostasy the extrusion of East Asia has produced structures that thicken the crust under Tibet, producing regional uplift a giant fault beneath Tibet raises it up relative to adjacent areas there are many active faults across Tibet that produce internal crustal thickening and uplift Question 25

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100 Subduction produces mountains because subduction zones are the upwelling zones of mantle convection, which lifts the earth's surface to form mountains. True False

Chapter 7 Quiz

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