Veronica Rymar - Unit 3 Review Packet
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Clark College *
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Feb 20, 2024
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Unit 3 Review Packet- AP Human Geography
Matching- Unit Terms
1.
__V___ Popular Culture
2.
__D___ Folk Culture
3.
__A___ Syncretism
4.
__J___ Acculturation
5.
__C___Assimilation
6.
__ee___ Taboo
7.
__T___ Dialects
8.
__dd___ Isogloss
9.
__M___ Standard Language
10.
__P___ Language Family
11.
__X___ Language Branch
12.
__hh___ Language Group
13.
__G___ Official Language
14.
__U___ Multilingual State
15.
__E___ Lingua Franca
16.
__Q___ Pidgin
17.
__S___ Creole
18.
__ee___ Language Extinction
19.
___W__ Universalizing Religion
20.
__L___ Ethnic Religion
21.
__kk___ Religious Branch
22.
___R__ Religious Denomination
23.
__bb___ Religious Sect
24.
__I___ Ethnocentrism
25.
__K___ Cultural Relativism
26.
__Y___ Fundamentalism
27.
__F___ Ethnicity
28.
__aa___ Race
29.
__B___ Nationality
30.
__mm___ Nation-state
31.
__H___ Self-determination
32.
__LL___ Centripetal Force
33.
__hh___ Ethnic Cleansing
34.
__qq___ Balkanization
35.
__ii___ Cultural Landscape
36.
__nn___Land-Use Patterns
37.
__jj___ Sequent Occupance
38.
__pp___ Cultural Convergence
39.
__D___ Cultural Divergence
40.
__T___ Multiculturalism
41.
__Z___ Ethnic Neighborhood
42.
__ff___ Gender Inequality Index
43.
__gg___ Gendered Space
a.
blending of cultures and ideas from different places
b.
identity with a group of people who share legal attachment and personal allegiance to a particular country
c.
Having people conform with the customs, attitudes etc. of an existing group.
d.
Traditionally practiced primarily by small homogeneous groups living in isolated rural areas and may include a custom such as wearing a sarong in Malaysia or a sari in India. Cultural practices of everyday existence in the traditional societies in which they developed. Reflects the local environment.
e.
pidgin language that evolves to the point at which it become the primary language. Ex. Haitian and French have versions of this
f.
effort to rid a country or region of every one of a particular ethnicity through forced migration or genocide. Ex Yugoslavia, Rwanda
g.
language in which all government business occurs and is established by a country.
h.
ethnicities have the right to govern themselves
i.
group of people who share a common identity and cultural traditions of a hearth
j.
Adoption of a different culture (often the dominant one)
k.
identity with a group of people who share a biological ancestor.
l.
relatively small religious group that has broken away from an established denomination
m.
Dialect that is well established and widely recognized as the most acceptable for government, business, education and mass communication. Ex. British Received Pronunciation
n.
territory corresponds to that occupied by an ethnicity that has been transformed into a nationality Ex. Denmark
o.
new language with some characteristics of at least two languages, which occurs when two
groups with different languages meet Ex. Spanglish
p.
a collection of many languages, all which came from the same original tongue long ago, but have since evolved different characteristics Ex. Indo-European, Sino-Tibetan
q.
language is no longer in use by living people. Ex. Colonialism in Africa, America etc. destroyed some languages
r.
Refers to not judging a culture to our own standards of what is right, wrong, strange or normal. Instead we should try to understand the cultural practices of other groups in its own cultural context.
s.
Religions that appeal primarily to one group of people, living in one place, more spiritually bound to particular regions. Ex. Hinduism, Judaism
t.
geographically distinct versions of a single language that vary from the parent form Ex. English in U.S. vs. London, English in South and North
u.
Country that has multiple official languages such as Belgium or Canada
v.
Found in large, heterogeneous societies that share certain habits (such as wearing jeans) despite differences in other personal characteristics. Relatively uniform across space but rapidly changes over time- "fads"
w.
a division of a religious branch that unites a number of local congregations in a single legal and administrative body
x.
Further division from family to group, set of languages with a relatively recent common origin and many similar characteristics Ex. Romance languages
y.
force that tends to unify people within a state and enhance support for a state. Ex Star- Spangled Banner, 9/11
z.
religions that seek to unite, attempt to be global and appeal to all, often want to spread so they have missionaries Ex. Christianity, Islam, Buddhism. Divided into branches, denominations and sects
aa.
process by which a state breaks down through conflicts among its ethnicities
bb.
literal interpretation and strict and intense adherence to basic principles of a religion (goes against current global culture)
cc.
language of international communication (often to facilitate trade). Ex. English
dd.
word-usage boundary, boundary lines of different words coalesce in some locations to form regions
ee.
restriction on behavior imposed by a social custom. These start because people refuse to eat certain plants and animals that are thought to embody negative forces in the environment. Ex.
Muslims not eating pork
ff.
Large and fundamental division within a religion
gg.
Further division within a language branch that share a common origin in the relatively recent past
hh.
When everyone starts to have one mass global culture
ii.
Cultural pluralism or diversity within a society
jj.
Measures a country’s loss of achievement due to gender inequality, based on reproductive health, employment and general empowerment
kk.
Use your own culture as the center/correct culture and evaluate all other cultures based on
that
ll.
How different groups of people use the land that they reside on, including commercial, residential, agricultural, transportation, etc.
mm.
combinations of physical features, agricultural and industrial practices, religious and linguistic characteristics, evidence of sequent occupance, and other expressions of culture including traditional and postmodern architecture and land-use patterns.
nn.
An area (often in a city) where one ethnicity primarily resides
oo.
Land is affected by every group of people that historically or currently live on land
pp.
Areas that are mainly reserved for one gender or another in a culture
qq.
When people leave their own culture to adopt practices of another
Culture
●
Folk culture generally spreads by ______contagiou______________ diffusion. Popular culture generally spreads by ________________stimulus__________ diffusion.
●
Folk culture generally originates ________hierarchical_____________. Popular culture generally originates _____________fast____________________.
●
Example of Folk culture? Example of Popular Culture?
Traditional native American clothing ,sari in india. Jeans, listening to migos
Language
●
What is the difference between a language family, branch, and group?
Language family consists of languages with historical roots that go the farthest back, then branches are similar languages that are not quite as far back as families and branch off of families, then groups are similar languages from more recent history that branch off of branches.
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●
What language family has the most speakers in the world?
Indo-European
●
What language has the most speakers in the world?
Mandarin Chinese
Religion
●
What is the difference between a universalizing and ethnic religion?
Universalizing religion is a religion that seeks to unite, attempts to be global and appeal to all, often want to spread so they have missionaries vs. an ethnic religion which is a religions that appeals primarily to one group of people, living in one place, more spiritually bound to particular
regions.
●
Which universalizing religion has the most followers?
Christianity
●
Which ethnic religion has the most followers?
Hinduism
Fill out the chart- Religions
●
Directions: Fill out the chart with the predominant areas that each religion exists in the world
Religion
Type: Ethnic or Universalizing
Location in World
Bahá'í
Uni
Middle East
Shintoism
Ethnic
Japanese
Daoism
Ethnic
Chinese
Confucianism
Ethnic
Chinese
Sikhism
Uni
India (North)
Christianity Protestant Branch
Uni
Northern europe, north
america
Christianity Roman Catholic Branch
Uni
western europe, latin america, parts of north
america
Christianity Eastern Orthodox Branch
Uni
eastern europe, some of central asia
Islam Sunni Branch
Uni
middle east, north africa, indonesia
Islam Shia Branch
Uni
iran Animism
Ethnic
throughout africa, latin
america, asia, artic
Hinduism
Ethnic
india
Buddhism
Uni south asia, SE asia, E asia
Judaism
Ethnic
Israel, US, Europe
Ethnicity
●
What is the difference between ethnicity and race?
Ethnicity is a group of people who share a common identity and cultural traditions of a hearth and race is an identity with a group of people who share a biological ancestor.
●
What is the difference between ethnicity and nationality?
Ethnicity is a group of people who share a common identity and cultural traditions of a hearth and Nationality is identity with a group of people who share legal attachment and personal allegiance to a particular country.
Multiple Choice
1.
In contrast to folk culture, popular culture is more likely to vary
a.
from place to place at a given time.
b.
from time to time at a given place.
c.
both from place to place and from time to time, in equal measure.
d.
neither from place to place nor from time to time.
e.
only in more developed countries.
2. When we analyze the patterns of popular culture in our surroundings, we can surmise that
a.
all culture is transmitted from one location to another through small scale and local migration.
b.
popular culture diffuses through relocation diffusion.
c.
nodes of innovation are central to the process of hierarchical diffusion.
d.
unlike folk culture, popular culture is usually transmitted orally across time and location.
e.
it is impossible for us to make scientific observations about the diffusion of popular culture.
3. The diffusion of jeans is a good example primarily of the
a.
diffusion of popular culture.
b.
adoption of unique folk culture.
c.
impact of high income on clothing habits.
d.
opposition to globalization.
e.
increasing incidence of synthetic textiles replacing natural fibers.
4. A restriction on behavior imposed by social custom is a
a.
folk culture.
b.
habit.
c.
terrior
d.
taboo.
e.
tariff.
5. The trend of globalization has threatened
a.
popular culture and folk culture relatively equally.
b.
the folk customs of only a few isolated communities.
c.
the spread of the international banking system.
d.
folk culture more than popular culture.
e.
folk culture, but only in the largest cities on each continent.
6. A lingua franca is
a.
an English word that has entered the French language.
b.
a language understood by people who have different native languages.
c.
an extinct language that has been revived.
d.
an official language in a region of the world different from where the language originated.
e.
a language used by French colonial administrations.
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7. The four most frequently spoken branches of Indo-European include all but
a.
Balto-Slavic.
b.
Celtic.
c.
Indo-Iranian.
d.
Romance.
e.
Germanic.
8. The second-largest language family is
a.
Indo-European.
b.
Sino-Tibetan.
c.
Afro-Asiatic.
d.
Austronesian.
e.
Dravidian.
9. British and American English differ in all but which of the following?
a.
alphabet
b.
pronunciation
c.
spelling
d.
vocabulary
e.
prevalent dialects
10. A language that was nearly extinct in British-controlled areas but which is now being revived
is
a.
Slavic.
b.
Celtic.
c.
Iranian.
d.
English.
e.
Pictish.
11. The large number of individual languages documented in Africa has resulted primarily from
a.
thousands of years of isolation between cultural groups.
b.
repeated invasions by outsiders.
c.
introduction of many different languages by the colonial powers.
d.
frequent migration by the different tribal groups.
e.
colonial administration of native lands.
12. Hebrew is an example of
a.
an isolated language.
b.
an extinct language.
c.
a revived language.
d.
a language family.
e.
an Altaic language.
13. All of the following describe the English language except
a.
It is a lingua franca.
b.
Its recent growth is due to expansion diffusion.
c.
It is an Indo-European language.
d.
It has diffused along with economic globalization.
e.
It is an isogloss.
14. When geographers study the sites where religions originated as well as the processes by which those religions diffused to other locations, they are focusing on the
a.
spatial connections
in religion.
b.
geo-religious linkages of culture.
c.
role of history in the social sciences.
d.
lack of spatial connections in religion.
e.
loss of historical processes in the formations of religions.
15. The maps in this chapter indicate that Eastern Orthodoxy is a branch of Christianity prevalent
in
a.
Russia.
b.
Italy.
c.
Spain.
d.
Russia and Spain but not Greece.
e.
Greece and Germany but not Russia
16. Which is not an ethnic Asian religion?
a.
Buddhism
b.
Confucianism
c.
Shintoism
d.
Daoism
e.
Hinduism
17. Hinduism's caste system
a.
assigns everyone to a distinct class.
b.
decrees the pilgrimages which should be taken.
c.
is a substitute for the lack of a holy book.
d.
identifies a family's important deities.
e.
is the basis for seasonal celebrations.
18. Judaism is classified as an ethnic rather than a universalizing religion, partly because
a.
its main holidays relate to events in the life of its founder, Abraham.
b.
it uses a standard solar calendar rather than a lunar calendar.
c.
its rituals derive from the agricultural cycle in Israel.
d.
it commemorates the Exodus from Egypt.
e.
the holy text is the foundation of the religion.
19. Which is the most dramatic change in the geographic distribution of African Americans in the United States?
a.
rural to urban within the state
b.
change to sharecropping
c.
relocation to northern cities
d.
movement out of inner-cities
e.
relocation to coastal cities
20. What was apartheid?
a.
the dialect of Dutch which is spoken in South Africa
b.
South Africa's governmental system
c.
the existence of landlocked states in southern Africa
d.
the geographic separation of races in South Africa
e.
kinship system of Sub-Saharan Africa
21. A nationality is
a.
a group of people tied to a place through legal status and tradition.
b.
a country.
c.
ethnic identity.
d.
any cohesive group of people.
e.
any group with shared religion, language, and origin of birth.
22. Which of the following is likely the least or weakest
centripetal force in the United States?
a.
ABC, NBC, CBS, and other network television
b.
the U.S. flag flying in different ethnic neighborhoods
c.
Internet content available from around the world
d.
"The Star Spangled Banner" being sung at baseball games
e.
lessons about civic responsibility in the public school system
23. Traditionally, the most important unit of African society was the
a.
state.
b.
tribe.
c.
nation.
d.
kingdom.
e.
caliphate.
24. The most important centripetal force in Yugoslavia before its breakup was the
a.
religion.
b.
language.
c.
number of nationalities.
d.
common economic interests.
e.
conflict with Turkey
25. One distinctive feature of the Indo-European family is that it
a.
Has a smaller spatial distribution than other language families
b.
Is the only language family with just one major lingua franca
c.
Includes most of the world’s oldest languages
d.
Is spoken by nearly half the world’s population
e.
Is the only one that is spoken in Europe today
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26. Some countries have several official languages because they want to
a.
Make international diplomacy easier
b.
Foster political cooperation with neighboring countries
c.
Make government operate more efficiently
d.
Prepare students to participate in the global economy
e.
Give recognition to different groups within the country
27. Judaism, Christianity, and Islam are alike in that they all
a.
Began as universal religions
b.
Are examples of ethnic religions
c.
Evolved into polytheistic religions
d.
Trace their heritage to Abraham
e.
Started in a region that is now part of Europe
28. Which best describes the main difference between ethnicity and nationality?
a.
Nationality is connected to a state while ethnicity is connected to a culture
b.
Nationality is connected to a culture while ethnicity is connected to a state.
c.
Nationality is connected to a language while ethnicity is connected to a religion
d.
Nationality is connected to cities while ethnicity is connected to rural areas
e.
Nationality is connected to religion while ethnicity is connected to urban enclaves.
29. Which was the most common religious change among Africans as a result of contact with people from Europe and the Middle East?
a.
From animism to a universalizing religion
b.
From an ethnic religion to animism
c.
From a universalizing religion to an ethnic religion
d.
From monotheism to polytheism
e.
From polytheism to an ethnic religion
30. The English language belongs to which of the following branches of the Indo-European language family?
a.
Romanic
b.
Hellenic
c.
Celtic
d.
Germanic
e.
Armenian
32. Which of the following areas describes a conflict region between various ethnic groups, including Serbs, Albanians, and Bosnians?
a.
The Persian Gulf
b.
The West Bank
c.
The Himalayans
d.
The Balkan Peninsula
e.
The Horn of Africa