Marie Chernichkin - 3-specific-heat-and-heat-transfers-questions

A) conduction B) convection C) solidification D) radiation 1. Which method of energy transfer is primarily responsible for energy being lost from Earth into space? A) A to B B) A to C C) B to D D) D to C 2. The map below shows four locations in a temperature field. The temperature of each location is given in degrees Celsius. Heat energy will normally flow from A) conduction B) convection C) radiation D) compression 3. By which process do light rays pass through window glass? A) iron, granite, basalt B) copper, lead, iron C) dry air, water vapor, ice D) liquid water, ice, water vapor 4. Which group of substances is arranged in order of decreasing specific heat values? A) 10.5 J B) 334 J C) 1670 J D) 11500 J 5. How many Joules of heat energy would be required to melt a 5-gram piece of ice at 0ºC? A) The ice cube gains heat and the water loses heat. B) The ice cube loses heat and the water gains heat. C) Both the ice cube and the water gain heat. D) Both the ice cube and the water lose heat. 6. An ice cube is placed in a glass of water at room temperature. Which heat exchange occurs between the ice and the water within the first minute? A) Energy flows out of the system. B) Energy flow is cyclical, so that equilibrium is never reached. C) Energy flows from energy sinks to energy sources. D) Energy flows from energy sources to energy sinks. 7. Which statement best describes the pattern of energy flow in a closed system? A) absorption B) conduction C) convection D) radiation 8. By which process does starlight travel through space? A) A B) B C) C D) D 9. The diagram below shows temperature values at various points in a solid piece of aluminum. Toward which point will heat flow from point P ? A) 334 J B) 668 J C) 2260 J D) 4520 J 10. What is the heat energy required to change 2 grams of liquid water at 100ºC to water vapor at 100ºC?

A) remain unchanged B) decrease by only 5°C C) decrease by approximately 10°C D) increase by approximately 10°C 11. The cross section below shows two compartments of water of equal volume insulated by Styrofoam and separated by a metal dividing wall, forming a closed energy system. When the temperature of the water in compartment A decreases by 10°C, the temperature of the water in compartment B will A) ultraviolet rays B) gamma rays C) visible light rays D) infrared rays 12. During nighttime cooling, most of the energy radiated by Earth’s oceans into space is A) 4 B) 335 C) 2260 D) 2594 13. How many joules are required to evaporate 1 gram of boiling water? A) lead B) iron C) basalt D) water 14. The same amount of heat energy is added to equal masses of lead, iron, basalt, and water at room temperature. Assuming no phase change takes place, which substance will have the smallest change in temperature? A) 9 J B) 18 J C) 90 J D) 167 J 15. How much energy is required to raise the temperature of 5 grams of iron from -10ºC to +30ºC? Base your answers to questions 16 through 18 on the diagram below. The diagram shows the pattern of air movement within a closed room. A) insolation B) conduction C) convection D) radiation 16. Which type of energy transfer is indicated by the arrows in the diagram? A) F B) B C) C D) E 17. At which location in the room will the density of the air be greatest? A) red B) black C) green D) silver 18. What color should the heat source in the room be painted in order to radiate the most heat?

A) conduction between Earth's surface and the atmosphere above it B) condensation of water vapor during the day, and evaporation of water during the night C) convection resulting from temperature and pressure differences above land and water D) greater radiation from the warmer ocean during the day and from the warmer land at night 23. The diagram below represents the circulation of air above Earth's surface at a coastal location during the day and at night. This local air movement is best described as an example of A) radiation B) evaporation C) conduction D) convection 24. Which process transfers energy primarily by electromagnetic waves? A) Heat flows from the water into the ice. B) Heat flows from the ice into the water. C) A state of equilibrium exists, with neither ice nor water gaining or losing energy. D) Heat flows equally from the ice and the water into the surrounding air. 25. Which statement best describes the major heat flow associated with an iceberg as it drifts south from the Arctic Ocean into warmer water? A) water vapor to liquid water B) liquid water to water vapor C) liquid water to ice D) ice to liquid water 26. The greatest amount of energy would be gained by 1,000 grams of water when it changes from A) specific heats B) temperatures C) masses D) densities 27. Heat energy transfer will normally occur between two objects that are close to each other if the objects have different A) 4.18 B) 2.11 C) 334 D) 2260 28. When 1 gram of liquid water at 0° Celsius freezes to form ice, how many total Joules of heat are lost by the water?

Base your answers to questions 29 through 31 on the diagrams below which show the steps used to determine the amount of heat held by equal masses of iron, copper, lead, and granite. A) refracted by a heat sink B) reflected by a heat sink C) absorbed by a heat sink D) scattered by a heat sink 29. This method of determining the amount of heat absorbed by substances assumes that the energy lost by a heat source is A) The granite sample had less volume than the other samples. B) The granite sample lost some heat to the air as it was being transferred. C) Water gained heat from the insulated container. D) Water has a lower specific heat than the granite sample. 30. The granite sample is transferred from the boiling water to the room-temperature water. Why is the total heat lost by the granite greater than the total heat gained by the room-temperature water? A) radiation waves B) transverse waves C) conduction collisions D) convection currents 31. The movements of water molecules that transfer heat from one place to another within the water are called

37. Base your answer to the following question on the cross section below and on your knowledge of Earth science. The cross section shows the general movement of air within a portion of Earth’s atmosphere located between 30° N and 30° S latitude. Numbers 1 and 2 represent different locations in the atmosphere. A) condensation B) conduction C) evaporation D) convection The air movement shown in the cross section is due to the process of A) solid ice melting B) liquid water freezing C) liquid water vaporizing D) water vapor condensing 38. Which phase change requires water to gain 2260 Joules per gram? A) Energy given up by the lake is lost directly to outer space. B) More energy is gained by the lake than is gained by the air. C) The temperature of the air remains constant. D) Energy is gained by the air from the lake. 39. As a lake's water temperature decreases on a cloudy night, what occurs at the interface between the lake's surface and the air above the lake?

40. Base your answer to the following question on the diagram and table below. The diagram shows a cross section of a solar-energy collecting system constructed as a portion of a wall of a house. It consists of an energy-absorbing surface, a clear glass covering, and air ducts through the wall into the house. The table gives the house temperatures during a spring day. No other heat source is available for the house. A) B) C) D) Which diagram best represents the direction of air flow through the system under normal solar heating conditions? A) water B) copper pennies C) basaltic sand D) iron fragments 41. Equal volumes of the four samples shown below were placed outside and heated by energy from the Suns rays for 30 minutes. The surface temperature of which sample increased at the slowest rate? A) differences in density in the water B) air movement across the surface of the water C) capillary action within the water D) the shape of the beaker 42. The diagram below represents a large beaker of water being heated to demonstrate convection. The movement of water upward from A toward B results primarily from

52. Base your answer to the following question on the graph below which shows the temperatures recorded when a sample of water was heated at a constant rate from –50°C to 100°C during a 20-minute period. A) 200 calories B) 540 calories C) 800 calories D) 2,000 calories How many calories of heat would be used to change the temperature of 20 grams of the water from the temperature at point C to the temperature at point D ? A) B) C) D) 53. Which diagram shows the normal pattern of water movement that occurs when density differences transfer energy within the beakers? A) Water has a higher specific heat than land. B) Energy is needed for water to evaporate. C) Cool winds from the surrounding land cool the ice on the lake. D) Air temperature does not affect water temperature. 54. What best explains why, in early spring, ice remains longer on Lake Erie than on the surrounding land areas when the air temperature is above freezing? 55. Base your answer to the following question on the diagrams below. Diagram I shows a house located in Michigan. Diagram II shows a solar collector that the homeowner is using to help heat the house. A) cooler and less dense B) cooler and more dense C) warmer and less dense D) warmer and more dense Air leaves the outlet of the solar collector because the air within the solar collector becomes A) water to the ice, and the temperature of the mixture will drop below 20ºC B) water to the ice, and the temperature of the mixture will rise above 20ºC C) ice to the water, and the temperature of the mixture will drop below 20ºC D) ice to the water, and the temperature of the mixture will rise above 20ºC 56. An insulated cup contains 200 milliliters of water at 20ºC. When 100 grams of ice is added to the water, heat energy will most likely flow from the A) smooth, shiny, and light colored B) smooth, shiny, and dark colored C) rough, dull, and light colored D) rough, dull, and dark colored 57. Which type of surface absorbs the greatest amount of electromagnetic energy from the Sun? A) opening draperies and blinds B) adding insulation in the walls and ceiling C) turning on lights and heat-producing appliances D) replacing light-colored roofing materials with dark-colored ones 58. Which action would help an air-conditioner use less energy on a hot, sunny summer day?

A) B) C) D) 59. Which diagram best represents the direction of convection currents around the burning wood of a campfire? A) The meltwater is a heat source and the surrounding air is a heat sink. B) The meltwater and ice cube are both heat sources C) The ice cube and surrounding air are both heat sources. D) The ice cube is a heat sink and the surrounding air is a heat source. 60. The diagram below shows a melting ice cube. Which statement best describes the energy transfer? A) 7.9 J B) 10 J C) 79 J D) 100 J 61. How much heat energy is required to raise the temperature of 10. grams of granite from 20.ºC to 30.ºC? A) more energy from the Sun falls on land than on water B) land has a lower specific heat than water C) sunlight penetrates to greater depths in land than in water D) less of Earth’s surface is covered by land than by water 62. Land surfaces of Earth heat more rapidly than water surfaces because A) receives less insolation B) reflects less insolation C) has a higher density D) has a higher specific heat 63. On a clear summer day, the surface of land is usually warmer than the surface of a nearby body of water because the water A) condensation B) freezing C) evaporation D) melting 64. During which process does water gain the most heat energy? A) 10 J B) 8.36 J C) 41.2 J D) 80 J 65. How much heat energy will be lost by a 2.0-gram mass of water as it cools from 40ºC to 35ºC? A) convection B) nuclear fusion C) insolation D) radioactive decay 66. Which process produces the energy that allows the stars of the universe to radiate visible light? A) convection B) conduction C) refraction D) radiation 67. A piece of a plant in a classroom fishtank moved upward and across the tank, away from the water heater. When the plant reached the other side of the tank, it sank before moving back toward the heater. What type of energy transfer does this movement represent? A) copper B) lead C) iron D) granite 68. Pieces of lead, copper, iron, and granite, each having a mass of 1 kilogram and a temperature of 100ºC, were removed from a container of boiling water and allowed to cool under identical conditions. Which piece most likely cooled to room temperature first?

A) B) C) D) 73. The diagram below shows a student heating a pot of water over a fire. The arrows represent the transfer of heat. Letter A represents heat transfer through the metal pot, B represents heat transfer by currents in the water, and C represents heat that is felt in the air surrounding the pot. Which table correctly identifies the types of heat transfer at A, B, and C?

74. Base your answer to the following question on the diagram below, which represents four stations, A , B , C , and D , in a laboratory investigation in which equal volumes of sand at the same starting temperature were heated by identical light sources. The light sources were the same distance from each station, but at different angles to the surfaces. Two thermometers were used at each station, one just above the surface and the other just below the surface. The lights were turned on for 30 minutes and then removed for the next 30 minutes. Temperatures were recorded each minute for the 60 minutes. A) conduction B) convection C) radiation D) transpiration Most of the energy from the light sources was transferred to the sand by the process of A) Some of the heat energy lost by object B was gained by object A . B) Most of the heat energy lost by object A was gained by the environment. C) Both objects lost heat energy. D) Both objects gained heat energy. 75. The data table below shows the temperatures of two similar objects for 10 minutes after the objects were placed near each other. Which statement is best supported by the data?

77. Base your answer to the following question on the graph below, which shows the temperature increase of samples of water, granite, iron, and lead. Each sample has a mass of 100 grams. Each sample was placed an equal distance from a light bulb and heated for a 10-minute period. This investigation was performed at room temperature under ordinary classroom conditions. A) The water received the most energy. B) The lead received the most energy. C) The granite received the most energy. D) All samples received the same amount of energy. Which statement best describes the amount of energy received by the samples? A) density differences B) molecular contact C) electromagnetic waves D) movement through a vacuum 78. Conduction is the transfer of heat energy by A) 114 B) 228 C) 342 D) 570 79. How many Joules of heat energy are required to raise the temperature of 6 grams of copper from 100C to 150C? A) ultraviolet rays B) infrared rays C) gamma rays D) x rays 80. Most of the electromagnetic energy radiated from Earth’s surface is in the form of A) water freezing B) ice melting C) water evaporating D) water vapor condensing 81. During which phase change of water is the most energy released into the environment? A) convection B) conduction C) absorption D) advection 82. The diagram below shows a solid iron bar that is being heated in a flame. The primary method of heat transfer in the solid iron bar is A) warm air over the land and cool air over the ocean B) humid air over the land and dry air over the ocean C) low-density air over the land and high-density air over the ocean D) high air pressure over the land and low air pressure over the ocean 83. Which atmospheric conditions would cause smoke from a campfire on a beach to blow toward the ocean? A) B) C) D) 84. The diagrams below represent a laboratory model used to demonstrate convection currents. Each model shows a burning candle in a closed box with two open tubes at the top of the box. Which diagram correctly shows the air flow caused by the burning candle?

A) Heat energy is transferred from the atmosphere to the water vapor. B) Heat energy is released from the water vapor into the atmosphere. C) Heat energy is transferred equally to and from the water vapor. D) No heat energy is exchanged between the atmosphere and the water vapor. 85. Water vapor crystallizes in the atmosphere to form snowflakes. Which statement best describes the exchange of heat energy during this process? A) convection B) radiation C) absorption D) conduction 86. Which process is primarily responsible for the transfer of energy by air currents within the Earth's atmosphere? A) B) C) D) 87. The cross sections below show different patterns of air movement in Earth's atmosphere. Air temperatures at Earth's surface are indicated in each cross section. Which cross section shows the most likely pattern of air movement in Earth's atmosphere that would result from the surface air temperatures shown? A) 4.18 J B) 2.11 J C) 334 J D) 2260 J 88. How many Joules of energy does 1.0 gram of water lose when it freezes?