File1 (5)

INTRODUCTION  Because of new global trends, the tourism industry is going through significant changes.  The landscape of the tourism industry is being affected by these trends, which are also influencing destination preferences and travel behavior. Objective  The main new global trends in the travel and tourism sector are explored in this presentation.  We will examine the implications of these trends on decision-making in tourism development and their effects on businesses' competitiveness globally. Destination Country: England  Throughout the presentation, we will refer to England as a representative destination to illustrate the influence of these global trends.  England's tourism industry provides valuable insights into the challenges and opportunities faced by destinations worldwide.

HEALTHCARE TOURISM AND POST- CORONAVIRUS INNOVATIONS  Healthcare tourism has become more prevalent in the twenty-first century as more people travel abroad for medical operations and treatments. Countries like Turkey have become worldwide hubs for patients from throughout the world, providing top-notch medical care at affordable costs.   Post-Coronavirus Innovations: The COVID-19 epidemic has forced the travel and tourist sector to adopt novel strategies. The sector has adjusted to the new normal through the use of contactless technologies and improved health and safety standards. 

IMPORTANCE OF EMERGING TRENDS IN DECISION MAKING FOR TOURISM DEVELOPMENT  Making decisions that minimize environmental impact, protect natural resources, and maintain destination appeal are all essential components of sustainable tourism.  Tourism development depends on post-pandemic innovations and flexibility, which call for technology developments as well as health and safety precautions. Destinations are able to handle disasters more skillfully and recover more swiftly (Nunes & Cooke in 2021; Lew et al. in 2020).

MEETING OBJECTIVES AND STAKEHOLDER SATISFACTION  Emerging tourism development trends support a balanced, sustainable approach by balancing economic growth, cultural preservation, community well-being, environmental conservation, and economic growth.  In order to successfully develop the tourism industry, it is essential to prioritize stakeholder satisfaction, which is increased by implementing sustainable practices, social responsibility, and innovative ideas.

INCREASED COMPETITION  Emerging trends lead to intensified competition in the tourism industry.  Destinations and businesses strive to attract tourists by adapting to trends.  Increased competition poses challenges for businesses to stand out and succeed.

GLOBAL TRENDS IMPACT  Global trends have a profound impact on tourism businesses' competitiveness.  Adaptation and differentiation are crucial to stay ahead in the global market.

COSTS AND BENEFITS OF GLOBAL TRENDS ON THE ECONOMY, SOCIETY, AND ENVIRONMENT  Economic Costs and Benefits  Costs: Increased competition may lead to price wars and decreased profitability.  Benefits: Economic growth, job creation, and revenue generation from increased tourist spending (Page et al., 2017).

ENVIRONMENTAL COSTS AND BENEFITS  Costs: Increased carbon footprint, natural resource depletion, and habitat degradation.  Benefits: Conservation efforts, sustainable practices, and environmental awareness through responsible tourism.

TOURISM BALANCE OF PAYMENTS Case Study: Country A  Country A receives £50 billion from overseas tourists visiting its lands.  However, its own residents travel overseas and spend a total of £60 billion. Balance of Payments Calculation: Deficit  The balance of payments for Country A is a £10 billion deficit.  Formula: Receipts (£50bn) - Payments (£60bn) = Balance of Payments (-£10bn) Case Study: Country B  Country B receives £20 billion from overseas tourists visiting its destination.  Its residents spend only £5 billion when they travel overseas. Balance of Payments Calculation: Surplus  The balance of payments for Country B is a £15 billion surplus.  Formula: Receipts (£20bn) - Payments (£5bn) = Balance of Payments (£15bn)

RECOMMENDATIONS FOR THE FUTURE Sustainable Practices  To reduce the harm done to the environment and to encourage responsible travel, embrace sustainable tourism practices.  Promote the adoption of eco-friendly practices and the implementation of strategies to lessen business carbon footprints (Tengratanaprasert 2017). Community Engagement  Participate in decision-making with the neighborhood communities and make sure they are involved in the growth of the tourism industry (Stalmirska 2021).  Encourage projects that are based on community empowerment and cultural heritage preservation. Diversification  To diversify offerings and draw a wider range of visitors, explore and grow niche tourism segments.  Ensure that your experiences are sustainable and real, highlighting the area's distinctive qualities.

REFERENCES  Lenzen, M., Sun, Y. Y., Faturay, F., Ting, Y. P., Geschke, A., & Malik, A. (2018). The carbon footprint of global tourism.  Nature climate change ,  8 (6), 522- 528. https://moodle2.units.it/pluginfile.php/439261/mod_resource/content/1/The%20Carbon%20Footprint%20of%20Global%20Tourism.pdf  Lew, A. A., Cheer, J. M., Haywood, M., Brouder, P., & Salazar, N. B. (2020). Visions of travel and tourism after the global COVID-19 transformation of 2020.  Tourism Geographies ,  22 (3), 455-466. https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/14616688.2020.1770326  Higgins-Desbiolles, F., Carnicelli, S., Krolikowski, C., Wijesinghe, G., & Boluk, K. (2019). Degrowing tourism: Rethinking tourism.  Journal of Sustainable Tourism . https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/pdf/10.1080/09669582.2019.1601732  Scott, D., Hall, C. M., & Gössling, S. (2019). Global tourism vulnerability to climate change.  Annals of Tourism Research ,  77 , 49-61. https://climatechoices.ca/wp-content/uploads/2021/03/Scott-et-al-2019-ATR.pdf  Uğur, N. G., & Akbıyık, A. (2020). Impacts of COVID-19 on global tourism industry: A cross-regional comparison.  Tourism management perspectives ,  36 , 100744. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7474895/  Rosselló, J., Becken, S., & Santana-Gallego, M. (2020). The effects of natural disasters on international tourism: A global analysis.  Tourism management ,  79 , 104080. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7115519/  Page, S. J., & Connell, J. (2020).  Tourism: A modern synthesis . Routledge. https://api.pageplace.de/preview/DT0400.9781000043082_A38996095/preview-9781000043082_A38996095.pdf  Jamal, T., & Budke, C. (2020). Tourism in a world with pandemics: local-global responsibility and action.  Journal of tourism futures ,  6 (2), 181-188. https://www.emerald.com/insight/content/doi/10.1108/JTF-02-2020-0014/full/html  Şengül, C., & Hakan, Ç. O. R. A. (2020). Healthcare tourism in second decade of 21st century-a review of Turkey as the new global center for international patients.  Journal of Health Systems and Policies ,  2 (1), 56-86. https://dergipark.org.tr/en/download/article-file/1143582  Nunes, S., & Cooke, P. (2021). New global tourism innovation in a post-coronavirus era.  European Planning Studies ,  29 (1), 1-19. https://repositorio.iscte-iul.pt/bitstream/10071/23288/1/conferenceobject_83429.pdf  Melotti, M. (2018). The mediterranean refugee crisis: heritage, tourism, and migration.  New England Journal of Public Policy ,  30 (2), 11. https://scholarworks.umb.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1738&context=nejpp  Morrison, A. M. (2023).  Marketing and managing tourism destinations . Taylor & Francis. https://www.academia.edu/download/35662370/STP_Bali_Marketing_and_Managing_Tourism_Destinations.pdf  Page, S. J., Hartwell, H., Johns, N., Fyall, A., Ladkin, A., & Hemingway, A. (2017). Case study: Wellness, tourism and small business development in a UK coastal resort: Public engagement in practice.  Tourism Management ,  60 , 466-477. https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S026151771630262X  Raj, R., & Griffin, K. A. (Eds.). (2017).  Conflicts, religion and culture in tourism . CABI. https://scholar.archive.org/work/usz37de635blvedfuytsl3rrum/access/wayback/https://ejtr.vumk.eu/index.php/about/article/download/353/357  Seraphin, H., Gowreesunkar, V. G., & Platania, M. (2019). Examining the relationship between residents’ level of happiness and supportiveness to tourism events: Winchester (UK) as a case study.  Journal of Tourismology ,  5 (2), 93-112. https://dergipark.org.tr/en/download/article-file/854344  Stalmirska, A. M. (2021). Local food in tourism destination development: The supply-side perspectives.  Tourism Planning & Development , 1-18. https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/pdf/10.1080/21568316.2021.1928739?needAccess=true&role=button  Tengratanaprasert, T. (2017).  Fostering and sustaining urban tourism systems through governance networks: a comparative analysis of England and Thailand  (Doctoral dissertation, Manchester Metropolitan University). https://e-space.mmu.ac.uk/620095/1/full%20thesis_Thanaporn%2013501448_revised%20version2.pdf