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While both are a form of historical average investment returns, the arithmetic returns are calculated differently than the geometric return. The arithmetic return is "the everyday calculation of the average." To get to this figure, you take the annual figures number, add them up, and divide them by the number of returns in the series. The geometric return, called the compounded return, is a little more convoluted in execution. This method is calculated by multiplying all the returns, taking the n-th root, and subtracting the initial capital. The arithmetic return can always be the geometric return. Typically, the way to show a return on an investment or security is by a percentage instead of a dollar amount. This is because investors need to see how much money was made on the investment. Instead, they want to see what the earnings are concerning the cost(Understanding Returns | Boundless Finance, n.d.).
A risk premium is defined as a form of payment for investors. It is a payment for tolerating the risk the company or stock presents. There is always a risk that you, as
the investor, will lose some or all of your investment. The typical risk of a bond is that the issuer will "default" and cannot keep up with on-time payments until maturity. The longer the maturity of the bond, the higher the risk. Bonds also carry an additional risk that the number of bonds being traded is low, so it would take more work to sell them quickly. (Adkins, 2017).
An equity risk premium is an additional return the investor earns when an investment is made over the risk-free rate and only relates to stocks. In comparison,
bond risk premium refers to bonds. Stores are believed to provide better returner-
standing-returns/than bonds, so the equity risk premium is higher than a bind's. With investing in stocks, you can be paid to buy into a store and take on that risk, which is greater than a bond with a fixed income, even though they are calculated similarly. (Risk |Boundless Finance, n.d.). An excess return is what is earned above the predicted predetermined return. It is only possible to make excess returns by taking additional risks, such as investing more money into a stock. Volatility is defined as and refers to the total amount of risk as it relates to the investment's value. If an investor owned a store with volatile returns in 2 years, the average would be higher than the geometric return.
References
Abraham, S. (2021, February 3). Going All-In: Investing vs. Gambling. Investopedia.https://www.investopedia.com/articles/basics/09/compare-investing-
gambling.asp#:%7E:text=True%2C%20investing%20and%20gambling%20both,and
%20over%20the%20long%20run.
Adkins, W. (2017, November 21).How to Determine Risk Premium on Bonds. Finance
-Zacks. https://finance.zacks.com/determine-risk-premium-bonds-9253.html
Chen, J. (2021, January 27).Excess Returns. Investopedia.https://www.investopedia.com/terms/e/excessreturn.aspRisk | Boundless Finance. (n.d.). Lumen Learning. Retrieved April 11, 2021, fromhttps://courses.lumenlearning.com/boundless-finance/chapter/risk/
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Suppose the returns on an asset are normally distributed. The historical average annual return for the asset was 5.2 percent and the
standard deviation was 10.6 percent.
a. What is the probability that your return on this asset will be less than -9.7 percent in a given year? Use the NORMDIST function
in Excel® to answer this question.
Note: Do not round intermediate calculations and enter your answer as a percent rounded to 2 decimal places, e.g., 32.16.
b. What range of returns would you expect to see 95 percent of the time?
Note: Enter your answers for the range from lowest to highest. A negative answer should be indicated by a minus sign. Do
not round intermediate calculations and enter your answers as a percent rounded to 2 decimal places, e.g., 32.16.
c. What range of returns would you expect to see 99 percent of the time?
Note: Enter your answers for the range from lowest to highest. A negative answer should be indicated by a minus sign. Do
not round intermediate calculations and…
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Suppose the average return on Asset A is 6.6 percent and the standard deviation is 8.6 percent and the average return and standard deviation on Asset B are 3.8 percent and 3.2 percent, respectively. Further assume that the returns are normally distributed. Use the NORMDIST function in Excel® to answer the following questions.
a.
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b.
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a.
What is the probability that your return on this asset will be less than –4.1 percent in a given year? Use the NORMDIST function in Excel® to answer this question. (Do not round intermediate calculations and enter your answer as a percent rounded to 2 decimal places, e.g., 32.16.)
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c.
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sigma Subscript rσr.
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Match each term with the best definition or descriptor.
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Suppose the returns on an asset are normally distributed. The historical average annual
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a. What is the probability that your return on this asset will be less than -4.1 percent in a
given year? Use the NORMDIST function in Excel® to answer this question. (Do not
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indicated by a minus sign. Do not round intermediate calculations and enter your
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c. What range of returns would you expect to see 99 percent of the time? (Enter your
answers for the range from lowest to highest. A negative answer should be
indicated by a minus sign. Do not round intermediate calculations and enter…
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uppose the average return on Asset A is 7.1 percent and the standard deviation is 8.3 percent, and the average return and standard deviation on Asset B are 4.2 percent and 3.6 percent, respectively. Further assume that the returns are normally distributed. Use the NORMDIST function in Excel® to answer the following questions.
a.
What is the probability that in any given year, the return on Asset A will be greater than 12 percent? Less than 0 percent? (Do not round intermediate calculations and enter your answers as a percent rounded to 2 decimal places, e.g., 32.16.)
b.
What is the probability that in any given year, the return on Asset B will be greater than 12 percent? Less than 0 percent? (Do not round intermediate calculations and enter your answers as a percent rounded to 2 decimal places, e.g., 32.16.)
c-1.
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Your answer is incorrect.
Divide the estimated average annual income by the average investment. Investment cost plus residual value, divided by two, equals average investment.
Can you please redo it? Thanks
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a.
What is the probability that your return on this asset will be less than –9.7 percent in a given year? Use the NORMDIST function in Excel® to answer this question.
b.
What range of returns would you expect to see 95 percent of the time?
c.
What range of returns would you expect to see 99 percent of the time?
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Which one of the following best describes an arithmetic average return?
Multiple Choice
A. Total return divided by N − 1, where N equals the number of individual returns
B. Average compound return earned per year over a multiyear period
C. Total compound return divided by the number of individual returns
D. Return earned in an average year over a multiyear period
E. Positive square root of the average compound return
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Use the data shown in the following table:
K
a. Compute the average return for each of the assets from 1929 to 1940 (the Great Depression).
b. Compute the variance and standard deviation for each of the assets from 1929 to 1940.
c. Which asset was the riskiest during the Great Depression? How does that fit with your intuition?
Note: For all your answers type decimal equivalents.
Data table
Year
1929
1930
1931
1932
1933
1934
1935
1936
1937
1938
1939
1940
S&P 500
-0.08906
-0.25256
- 0.43861
-0.08854
0.52880
-0.02341
0.47221
0.32796
-0.35258
0.33204
-0.00914
- 0.10078
Small Stocks
- 0.43081
-0.44698
-0.54676
-0.00471
2.16138
0.57195
0.69112
0.70023
- 0.56131
0.08928
0.04327
-0.28063
Corp. Bonds
0.04320
0.06343
-0.02380
0.12199
0.05255
0.09728
0.06860
0.06219
0.02546
0.04357
0.04247
0.04512
World Portfolio
-0.07692
-0.22574
-0.39305
0.03030
0.66449
0.02552
0.22782
0.19283
-0.16950
0.05614
-0.01441
0.03528
Treasury Bills
0.04471
0.02266
0.01153
0.00882
0.00516
0.00265
0.00171
0.00173…
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Show your work (use of formula, etc.) in solving the problem.
Provide your answer/solution in the answer space provided below.
Answer the question:
Given the following historical returns, calculate the average return and the standard deviation:
Year
Return
1
14%
2
10%
3
15%
4
11%
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Multiple Choice
A Geometric average return
B Variance of returns
C Standard deviation of returns
D Arithmetic average return
E. Normal distribution of returns
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What range of returns would you expect to see 68 percent of the time for this asset? (A negative answer should be indicated by a minus sign. Input your answers from lowest to highest to receive credit for your answers. Do not round intermediate calculations and enter your answers as a percent rounded to 2 decimal places, e.g., 32.16.)
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deviation of 8.7 percent.
What range of returns would you expect to see 68 percent of the time for this asset? (A
negative answer should be indicated by a minus sign. Input your answers from lowest
to highest to receive credit for your answers. Do not round intermediate calculations
and enter your answers as a percent rounded to 2 decimal places, e.g., 32.16.)
Expected range of
returns
X Answer is complete but not entirely correct.
Expected range of
returns
2.70 × %
to
What about 95 percent of the time? (A negative answer should be indicated by a minus
sign. Input your answers from lowest to highest to receive credit for your answers. Do
not round intermediate calculations and enter your answers as a percent rounded to
2 decimal places, e.g., 32.16.)
-3.30 × %
14.70
%
X Answer is complete but not entirely correct.
to
20.70 X %
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What range of returns would you expect to see 68 percent of the time for this asset? (A
negative answer should be indicated by a minus sign. Input your answers from lowest
to highest to receive credit for your answers. Do not round intermediate calculations
and enter your answers as a percent rounded to 2 decimal places, e.g., 32.16.)
Answer is complete and correct.
Expected range of
returns
-2.80 % to
13.60
%
What about 95 percent of the time? (A negative answer should be indicated by a minus
sign. Input your answers from lowest to highest to receive credit for your answers. Do
not round intermediate calculations and enter your answers as a percent rounded to
2 decimal places, e.g., 32.16.)
* Answer is complete but not entirely correct.
Expected range of
returns
-10.60% to
22.00
%
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Pls do fast and i will rate instantly for sure..pls give correct answer..
Try to give solution in typed form
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Over a particular period, an asset had an average return of 6.7 percent and a standard
deviation of 10.0 percent.
What range of returns would you expect to see 95 percent of the time for this asset? (A
negative answer should be indicated by a minus sign. Input your answers from lowest
to highest to receive credit for your answers. Do not round intermediate calculations
and enter your answers as a percent rounded to 2 decimal places, e.g., 32.16.)
Expected range of returns
% to
%
What about 99 percent of the time? (A negative answer should be indicated by a minus
sign. Input your answers from lowest to highest to receive credit for your answers. Do
not round intermediate calculations and enter your answers as a percent rounded to
2 decimal places, e.g., 32.16.)
Expected range of returns
% to
%
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What range of returns would you expect to see 95 percent of the time for this asset? (A negative answer should be indicated by a minus sign. Input your answers from lowest to highest to receive credit for your answers. Do not round intermediate calculations and enter your answers as a percent rounded to 2 decimal places, e.g., 32.16.)
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(b) If the investment continues to grow at a constant rate, what is the expected return rate when the
investment is 7 years old?
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rate is 32.8%?
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Asset A
Prob
Return
0.2
-5%
0.4
10%
0.4
15%
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b) Calculate the standard deviation for asset A.
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