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Western Governors University *

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363

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Finance

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Jan 9, 2024

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49

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B UDGETING 1. Ann wants to build an emergency fund. Her monthly expenses include $1,800 rent, $1,200 in groceries and utilities, $800 auto payments, $400 in debt payments, and $175 in miscellaneous expenses. Her monthly income is $7,000 per month. How many months will it take Ann to save 3 months worth of income for her emergency fund?
S OLUTION TO Q1 Add monthly expenses: $1,800 + $1,200 + $800 + $400 + $175 = $4,375 Calculate 3 months of income: $7,000 x 3 = $21,000 Calculate monthly savings: $7,000 - $4,375 = $2,625 Answer: $21,000 / $2,625 = 8 months
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B UDGETING (2) 2. Ted’s net earnings are $60,000 per year, with living expenses for housing, food, and transportation amounting to $3,200 per month. Ted wants to save $20,000 for a home down payment and plans to travel once a year, with the trip costing $2,000. How long until Ted can fund both goals for the same year if income and expenses stay constant?
S OLUTION T O Q2 Since both goals need to be satisfied each year, you need to add the vacation cost to the 1 st month’s expenses. Monthly income monthly expenses: 1 st month - -200 2 nd month 1,800 3 rd month 1,800, etc After year 1, savings is $19,600 Remining savings required after 12 months: $20,000 - $19,600 = $400 + $2,000 = $2,400 Month 1: 2,400- 1,800 = 600 remaining goal Month 2: 600 1,800 (goal met) Answer: 1 year and 2 months
B UDGETING (3) 3. Stacy is working part-time while going to college. She is making $20,000 per year and saves $2,000 per year, as $18,000 of her yearly living expenses are currently subsidized by grants. Grant funding will run out when she has one year left of school. How much of a deficit will Stacy have to finance if she saves each year for 3 years?
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S OLUTION T O Q3 Savings for 3 years is $2,000 x 3 = $6,000 Deficit when grant runs out after 3 years = $18,000 - $6,000 = $12,000
C REDIT /L ENDING 4. You have a credit card balance of $2,000 with an annual interest rate of 18%. If you make payments of $100 per month, what will the balance be after 2 months?
S OLUTION TO Q4 1. Calculate the monthly interest: .18/12 = .015 2. Calculate the interest charge for the first month: $2,000 * .015 = $30 3. Calculate balance after 1 st month: $2,000 + $30 = $2030. $2030 - $100 (first payment) = $1,930. 4. Calculate the interest for the 2 nd month: $1,930 * .015= $28.95. 5. Calculate the ending balance after the 2 nd month: $1,930 + $28.95 = $1,958.95 $100 (second payment)= $1,858.95.
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C REDIT /L ENDING (2) 5. Bill has a credit card with a 16% annual interest rate, a 4% fee for late payments, and a $10,000 credit limit. There is currently a $5,000 outstanding balance. What is the late payment fee if Bill makes a monthly payment after the 30-day grace period?
S OLUTION T O Q5 $5,000 outstanding balance x 4% = $200
C REDIT /L ENDING (3) 6. Tracy has a credit card with a 18% annual interest rate, a 4% balance transfer fee, and a $12,000 credit limit. Tracy transfers a $8,000 balance from another credit card to this card. What is the balance transfer fee for this transaction?
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S OLUTION TO Q6 $8,000 balance to transfer x 4% = $320
C REDIT /L ENDING (4) 7. Shawn’s home is currently worth $350,000. The home’s value undergoes deflation of 3.2% after one year. What will the home’s value be on the updated balance sheet?
S OLUTION TO Q7 Calculate the amount of deflation: 350,000 x 3.2% = $11,200 Calculate the new value: $350,000 - $11,200 = $338,800
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C REDIT /L ENDING (5) 8. The value of a home was $450,000. Thanks to a robust economic cycle, the value of homes has risen an average of 7%. What is the current value of this home?
S OLUTION TO Q8 Calculate appreciation amount: $450,000 x 7% = $31,500 Calculate new value: $450,000 + $31,500 = $481,500
R ATIOS 9. Sam earns $85,000 annually. Monthly rent is $2,200, and 20% of monthly cash income is spent on utilities, groceries, and transportation. To pay off a credit card in six months, Sam agrees to monthly payments of $2,000. What is the monthly debt-to-income ratio?
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S OLUTION TO Q9 Calculate monthly income: $85,000 / 12 = $7,083.33 Calculate debt-to-income: $2,000 / $7,083.33 = 28.24% (rent, utilities, groceries, transportation, etc.. are expenses, not debt)
R ATIOS (2) 10. Sarah has a monthly gross income of $6,000. She pays $1,300 for her mortgage, $450 for a car loan, and $300 for credit card bills each month. Calculate Sarah's Debt-to-Income ratio.
S OLUTION TO Q10 Step 1: Calculate Sarah's total monthly debt payments Total monthly debt payments = Mortgage + Car loan + Credit card bills Total monthly debt payments = $1,300 + $450 + $300 = $2,050 Step 2: Calculate Sarah’s Debt -to-Income ratio Debt-to-Income ratio = (Total monthly debt payments / Gross monthly income) * 100 Debt- to-Income ratio = ($2,050 / $6,000) * 100 Debt-to- Income ratio ≈ 34.17% Therefore, Sarah's Debt-to-Income ratio is approximately 34.17%.
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N ET W ORTH 11. Alex owns a house worth $400,000, a car worth $40,000, has $20,000 in savings, and owes $150,000 on her mortgage. Calculate Alex’s net worth.
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S OLUTION TO Q11 House + Car + Savings Mortgage Due $400,000 + $40,000 + $20,000 - $150,0000 = $310,000 Alex’s net worth is $310,000
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N ET W ORTH (2) 12. Terri has the debts and assets shown in this table: What is Terri’s net worth? Grand Piano (market value) = $15,000 Auto Loan (remaining balance) = $9,000 Home Mortgage (remaining balance) = $180,000 Home Current Market Value = $300,000 Personal Loan (current balance) = $8,000 Stock Portfolio (market value) = $70,000
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S OLUTION TO Q12 Assets Grand piano (market value) $15,000 Home current market value $300,000 Stock portfolio (market value) $70,000 Total Assets: $385,000 Liabilities Auto loan (remaining balance) $9,000 Home mortgage loan (remaining balance) $180,000 Personal loan (current balance) $8,000 Total Liabilities: $197,000 Net worth: $385,000 - $197,000 = $188,000
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I NVESTMENTS 13. Emily invests $10,000 in a certificate of deposit (CD) with an annual interest rate of 3.5%. If the CD matures after 2 years, how much interest will she earn using simple interest.
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S OLUTION TO Q13 Step 1: Calculate the annual interest earned: $10,000 * .035 = $350 Step 2: Calculate the total interest earned after 2 years: $350 * 2 = $700 The total interest earned after 2 years is $700.
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I NVESTMENTS (2) 14. Emily invests $10,000 in a certificate of deposit (CD) with an annual interest rate of 3.5%. If the CD matures after 2 years, how much interest will she earn using compound interest. Also, calculate total value at the end of 2 years.
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S OLUTION TO Q14 Step 1: Calculate the annual interest earned on the first year: $10,000 * .035 = $350 Step 2: Calculate the interest earned in the 2 nd year: $10,350 * .035= $362.25. Total interest earned: $350 + $362.25 = $712.25. Total value after 2 years= $10,000 + $712.25 = $10,712.25
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I NVESTMENTS (3) 15. John invests $500 every quarter in a stock. Over a period of 8 quarters, the share price of the stock is as follows: $20, $25, $22, $23, $27, $26, $28, $30. Calculate the average share cost of the stock for John's investments.
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S OLUTION TO Q15- S TEP 1 Solution: Step 1: Calculate the total amount invested Total amount invested = Quarterly investment * Number of quarters Total amount invested = $500 * 8 = $4,000
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Step 2 Step 2: Calculate the number of shares purchased each quarter (round to 1 decimal): 500/20= 25 shares 500/20= 25 shares 500/25= 20 shares 500/22= 22.7 shares 500/23= 21.7 shares 500/27= 18.5 shares 500/26= 19.2 shares 500/28= 17.9 shares 500/30= 16.7 shares Total shares = 161.7 shares
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Step 3 Step 3: Divide the total spent by the total number of shares: 4,000/161.7 = $24.73 Therefore, the average share cost of the stock for John's investments is $24.73.
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I NVESTMENTS (4) 16. Bill invested $30,000 in a business venture. After 3 years, he sold his stake for $37,000 and received $2,000 in dividend income during that period. Calculate the rate of return on the investment.
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S OLUTION TO Q16 Step 1: Calculate the gain on the investment: $37,000 - $30,000 = $7,000 Step 2: Add the dividend income: $7,000 + $2,000 = $9,000 Step 3: Calculate the rate of return: (Total Gain / Starting amount) * 100. $9,000 / $30,000 = 0.3 * 100 = 30%
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I NVESTMENTS (5) 17. Melissa has monthly expenses of $1,800 for rent and $1,000 for groceries, transportation, and other necessary expenses. Which average return should she expect to match 25% of yearly expenses on a $100,000 investment?
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S OLUTION TO Q17 Monthly expenses of $1,800 + $1,000 = $2,800 Yearly expenses = $2,800 x 12 = $33,600 25% of yearly expenses = $8,400 Return required on a $100,000 investment = $8,400 / $100,000= 8.4%
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I NVESTMENTS (6) 18. Stan has invested equal amounts in 4 different stocks. The value of one of the stocks has dropped to $0, and the other stocks have held their values. What is the total decrease in Stan’s portfolio?
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S OLUTION TO Q18 Stan owns 4 stocks, and each has an equal weighting. Each is worth 25% of the portfolio. If one decreases to $0, the portfolio has decreased by 25%. You can check your worth by giving each share a value: Stock 1 = $25,000 Stock 2 = $25,000 Stock 3 = $25,000 Stock 4 = $25,000 If stock 4 goes to 0, the total portfolio is now worth $75,000 Loss is $100,000 - $75,000 = $25,000 or $25,000 / $100,000 = 25%
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I NVESTMENTS (7) 19. At the age of 72, a retiree must make their first required minimum distribution (RMD) withdrawal from a traditional IRA account. The RMD withdrawal percentage at age 72 is 3.65% of the account balance. The retiree has a $750,000 balance at age 72. What is the dollar amount of the retiree’s RMD withdrawal?
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S OLUTION TO Q19 $750,000 x 3.65% = $27,375
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T AXES 20. Ms. Johnson is an employee with an annual salary of $85,000. The tax rates for her income are as follows: 15% on the first $50,000 of taxable income 25% on the next $30,000 of taxable income 35% on the remaining taxable income Ms. Johnson’s deductions total $7,000 What is Ms. Johnson’s tax liability?
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S OLUTION TO Q20 Step 1: Calculate taxable income Ms. Johnson's annual salary: $85,000 Deductions totaling $7,000. Taxable income = Annual salary - Deductions = $85,000 - $7,000 = $78,000 Step 2: Calculate income tax liability. First $50,000 of taxable income: $50,000 * 15% = $7,500 Next $28,000 of taxable income: $28,000 * 25% = $7,000 Total income tax liability = $7,500 + $7,000 = $14,500 Therefore, Ms. Johnson's income tax liability for the year would be $14,500.
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T AXES (2) 21. Ms. Hernandez is a self-employed individual with a net self- employment income of $150,000. Calculate her FICA tax and Medicare tax contributions for the year. The FICA tax rate is 15.3%, with a wage base limit of $142,800. The Medicare tax rate is 2.9%, with no wage base limit.
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S OLUTION TO Q21- S TEP 1 Solution: Step 1: Calculate FICA tax contribution FICA tax rate: 15.3% Wage base limit: $142,800 Net self-employment income: $150,000 Since Ms. Hernandez is self-employed, she is responsible for both the employee and employer portions of the FICA tax. The total FICA tax contribution is calculated as follows: FICA tax contribution = Net self-employment income * FICA tax rate = $142,800 * 15.3% = $21,848.40
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S OLUTION TO Q21- S TEP 2 Step 2: Calculate Medicare tax contribution Medicare tax rate: 2.9% Net self-employment income: $150,000 Medicare tax contribution = Net self-employment income * Medicare tax rate = $150,000 * 2.9% = $4,350 Therefore, Ms. Hernandez's FICA tax contribution for the year would be $21,848.40, and her Medicare tax contribution would be $4,350.
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B UY V S R ENT 22. Ms. Smith is comparing the costs of buying a home versus renting. The home she is considering has a purchase price of $250,000 (after all closing costs), with a $1,600 monthly mortgage payment. At the end of five years, she believes she can sell the property for $300,000 (after all closing costs). If she rents, it will be $1,000 per month. What is the most cost-effective living arrangement after five years? Assume there are no additional tax benefits for home ownership.
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S OLUTION TO Q22 Step 1: Calculate the total house payments $1600 x 60 months = 96,000. This is the cost. If you subtract the profit from selling the home, you find that the total cost after five years is $96,000 50,000 = $46,000 Step 2: Calculate the total rent payment for five years. $1,000 x 60 months = $60,000 Since the total cost of the home is less than the rent payments, buying the home is the most cost-effective solution.
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