Call Option Price_IO

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1 Ifeoma Ojialor Call Option Price Southern New Hampshire University November 12, 2023
2 Call Option Price Call options grant the holder the right to acquire a share of stock at a predetermined price (Brigham & Ehrhardt, 2017, pg. 345). This fixed price may be either below or equal to the current stock price at the time of purchase. However, these options come with expiration dates, compelling the owner to decide whether to exercise the call options or let them expire. The pricing of a call option is influenced by various external factors, and those holding call options possess the capability to analyze the potential impact of these external influences on the option's value upon exercise. Effect of Stock Price The initial factor is the prevailing stock price. Upon availability, a call option allows the owner to choose between exercising or forfeiting it. Given the dynamic nature of stock prices, rapid fluctuations directly impact the call option price. As highlighted by Farley (2019, para. 8), the call option's value is intricately linked to the underlying stock price. If the stock price rises, the call option's value also increases, particularly when the option price is substantially lower than the current stock price. Conversely, if the stock price falls below the call option's value, exercising the option may not be advantageous. In such cases, the owner could secure the stock at a more favorable market price outside the options provided by the corporation. It's crucial to recognize the inherent volatility of the stock market, prompting the call option owner to continually assess the option's value throughout its timeframe. Effect of Time Expiration
3 The second factor is time expiration, emphasizing that call options remain valid until the specified expiration date. Consequently, owners must decide whether to exercise or forfeit the call option before it reaches expiration. An additional dimension is the impact of time to expiration, stating that the option's value escalates "as the time to expiration increases" (Beaty, n.d., para. 18). Conversely, the option's value diminishes as the time to expiration decreases. Particularly noteworthy is the rapid decline in the value of the call option within the last thirty days before expiration (Beaty, n.d., para. 18). It is imperative for the call option owner to comprehensively understand the option's timeline and meticulously assess the associated risks and rewards, guiding the strategic decision of when to exercise the call option. Effect of Risk-Free Rate The third consideration is risk-free rates, which enable call option owners to assess "the theoretical rate of return of an investment with zero risk" (Chen, 2020, para. 1). This rate represents the expected interest over time from a risk-free investment. Calculating the risk-free rate involves subtracting the current inflation rate from the investment yield (Chen, 2020, para. 1). It serves as a benchmark for determining the minimum return the call option owner should anticipate upon exercising the option. Owners can calculate the potential rate of return at any point for comparison with the risk-free rate. If the potential rate is lower, the owner may postpone exercising the call option until a more favorable rate is achievable. However, it's crucial to note that while the risk-free rate provides a baseline, external factors such as the economy, current stock prices, volatility, and time expiration can impact the actual return amount.
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4 Effect of Standard Deviation on Stock Returns The fourth factor to consider is the standard deviation of stock returns, serving as a metric to gauge the volatility of the call option. This metric offers insight into the likely deviation of the actual value from the expected value, highlighting the potential range of outcomes (Brigham & Ehrhardt, 2017, pg. 246). Standard deviation calculations come into play when there are multiple possible outcomes, providing the owner with a quantitative measure of the probability distribution's tightness (Brigham & Ehrhardt, 2017, pg. 246). The result of the standard deviation calculation indicates the potential deviation of the call option value from its expected value. When volatility increases, the call option price tends to rise as the underlying stock becomes riskier, enhancing the call option's value. Additionally, heightened stock volatility increases the likelihood of the call option surpassing the exercise price by the expiration date. Therefore, careful evaluation of each external factor is essential for the owner before deciding to exercise the call option.
5 References Beaty, A. (n.d.). 7 Factors that Affect an Option's Price. Retrieved 2020, March 12, from https://theoptionprophet.com/blog/7-factors-that-affect-an-option-s-price Brigham, E. F., & Ehrhardt, M. C. (2017). Corporate Finance: A Focused Approach (6th ed.). Boston, MA: Cengage Learning. Chen, J. (2020, February 25). Risk-Free Rate of Return. Retrieved from https://www.investopedia.com/terms/r/risk-freerate.asp Farley, A. (2019, June 25). Factors that Determine Option Pricing. Retrieved from https://www.investopedia.com/trading/factors-determine-option-pricing/