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Nov 24, 2024
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[QUESTION]
Because the dividend payments on preferred stock are not a tax-deductible expense, the explicit
cost of this form of financing is high. What are some of the offsetting advantages to the issuing
firm and to the investor that enable this type of security to be sold?
[ANSWER]
To the firm:
a.
The security provides leverage as does debt but cannot drive the firm into bankruptcy.
b.
Issuance of preferred stock does not ordinarily endanger the control of the firm.
c.
The preferred stock has no set maturity. It may also strengthen the firm’s credit position.
To the investor:
a.
A prior claim (before common shareholders) on income may also be combined with a
participating income feature.
b.
The existence of a preferred stock sinking fund may stabilize and/or raise the market
price of outstanding shares.
c.
The possibility of conversion into common stock may be advantageous.
d.
To the corporate investor, the 70 percent (or 80 percent) intercorporate dividend tax
exclusion clause is beneficial.
Utilities may use preferred stock because they wish to increase their leverage above the SEC
recommended 60 percent straight-debt limit or because they can pass on the higher explicit costs
of preferred stock financing in rate increases (public utility commissions base rates on the overall
measured cost of capital, not on an optimum cost of capital).
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Related Questions
Which of the following statements is CORRECT?
a. One disadvantage of zero coupon bonds is that the issuing firm cannot realize any tax savings from the use of debt until the bonds mature.
b. Income bonds must pay interest only if the company earns the interest. Thus, these securities cannot bankrupt a company prior to their maturity, and this makes them safer to the issuing corporation than "regular" bonds.
c. Once a firm declares bankruptcy, it must be liquidated by the trustee, who uses the proceeds to pay bondholders, unpaid wages, taxes, and legal fees.
d. Other things held constant, a callable bond should have a lower yield to maturity than a noncallable bond.
e. A firm with a sinking fund that gives it the choice of calling the required bonds at par or buying the bonds in the open market would generally choose the open market purchase if the coupon rate exceeded the going interest rate.
arrow_forward
is NOT a characteristic of a money market instrument.
A. illiquidity
B. short maturity
C. low risk
D. none of above
Which of the following is a characteristic of preferred stock?
A. Give voting rights to its owner.
B. It is like annuity.
C. Investors cannot force the payment of the dividend.
D. Dividends are tax-deductible for the fim as opposed to interest payment.
Which of the following is NOT money market security?
A. Bankers acceptance
B. Treasury notes
C. Federal funds
D. Eurodollars and Eurodollar CD's
arrow_forward
1)How does a profitable capital market help reduce the prices of goods and services?
2) The SEC attempts to protect investors who purchase newly issued securities by requiring issuers to provide relevant financial information to potential investors. The SEC does not provide an opinion on the actual value of the securities.Therefore, a reckless investor could pay too much for some shares and consequently lose a lot. Do you think the SEC should, as part of every new offering of stocks or bonds, give investors an opinion on the appropriate value of the securities being offered? Explain.
arrow_forward
Please provide answer of question no. 2
arrow_forward
Which of the following statements is FALSE?
A.
Equity cost of capital is normally higher then cost of debt, thus cost of debt can be examined in isolation.
B.
No matter if a firm is unlevered or levered, there is no difference in the market value of the firms total securities and market value of the firm’s assets.
C.
Introducing debt increases the risk even though it may be cheap and consequently increases firms equity cost of capital.
D.
Cost of Capital of equity and Leverage can be explicitly explained by first proposition that Modigliani and Miller introduced.
arrow_forward
What is the relationship between the expected return of a stock and its fair expected return? When is a stock underpriced, overpriced, or fairly priced?
Explain what happens to the firm’s cost of equity, cost of debt, and cost of capital when the firm increases the amount of debt in its capital structure. Assume all Modigliani and Miller assumptions hold and that there are no taxes.
How can we use the internal rate of return to evaluate whether we should pursue a specific project? Should we pursue a project when the cost of capital is higher than the internal rate of return?
arrow_forward
If the market value of a firm becomes less than its book value, it becomes an attractive takeover target.the firm will be delisted by the stock exchange.the Securities and Exchange Commission will not allow it to declare dividends until the market value once again exceeds the book value.the firm will be unable to service its debt.
arrow_forward
Although a company would never dispel gains from currency fluctuations, they truly hate accounting for the losses. This is why minimizing risk is so important. It is absolutely necessary to retain a firm’s profits from selling a product or providing a service. Please consider the following questions:
What is the purpose of a hedge?
How does a hedge operate?
Provide an example of three hedging strategies.
Of the three, which do you prefer?
arrow_forward
The disadvantages of debt to the corporation include all but which of the following?
Group of answer choices
A. Indenture agreements may place burdensome restrictions on the firm.
B. Interest and principal payments must be met regardless of performance results.
C. Debt may have to be paid back with "cheaper" dollars because of inflation.
D. Too much debt may depress the firm's stock price.
arrow_forward
FASB allows debt to be shown at its fair market value. Consequently, if a company in financial difficulty uses the fair value option, it would report a gain because investors no longer want to purchase its debt. Do you think that this is appropriate?
arrow_forward
a. What are the risks and rewards of investing in the stock market as compared to the bond market?b. “Because corporations do not actually raise any funds in secondary markets, they are less important to the economy than primary markets.” Comment.
arrow_forward
Which of the following statements is correct?
O Flotation costs under a best-efforts arrangement typically are less for a given new equity issue than the costs
associated with an underwritten offering, and the corporation is more certain of getting the needed funds
under a best-efforts offering. This is why best efforts deals are most common.
O If a firm decides to issue securities through a direct (or private) placement, then the underwriting syndicate
that is formed to distribute the securities to the public may. at its discretion, decide either to guarantee or not
to guarantee the sale of the securities.
O If the demand curve for a firm's stock is relatively flat. the firm will havea more difficult time raising a large
amount of new equity funds for expansion than would be true if this demand curve were steeper.
OIt is possible for a firm to go public, and yet not ralse any additional capital.
O None of these.
arrow_forward
Identify the following as elther an advantage or a disadvantage of bond financing for a company.
a. Bonds increase return on equity if the company earns a higher return with borrowed funds than it pays in interest.
b. Interest on bonds is tax deductible.
c. Bonds require payment of par value at maturity.
d. Bonds do not affect owner control.
e. A company earns a lower return with borrowed funds than it pays in interest.
f. Unlike equity ownership, a par value payment is required at a specified date.
Advantage
arrow_forward
Which of the following statements is CORRECT?
O The debt ratio that maximizes expected EPS generally exceeds the debt ratio that maximizes share
price.
O Increasing its use of financial leverage is one way to increase a firm's return on investors' capital
(ROIC).
O
If a company were to issue debt and use the money to repurchase common stock, this would reduce
its return on investors' capital (ROIC).
O If a change in the bankruptcy code made bankruptcy less costly to corporations, this would tend to
reduce corporations' debt ratios.
arrow_forward
Which of the following is an advantage of debt financing?
a. Excessive debt increases the risk of equity holders and therefore depresses share price.
b. The obligation is generally fixed in terms of interest and principal payments.
c. Interest and principal obligations must be paid regardless of the economic position of the firm.
d. Debt agreements contain covenants.
arrow_forward
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- Which of the following statements is CORRECT? a. One disadvantage of zero coupon bonds is that the issuing firm cannot realize any tax savings from the use of debt until the bonds mature. b. Income bonds must pay interest only if the company earns the interest. Thus, these securities cannot bankrupt a company prior to their maturity, and this makes them safer to the issuing corporation than "regular" bonds. c. Once a firm declares bankruptcy, it must be liquidated by the trustee, who uses the proceeds to pay bondholders, unpaid wages, taxes, and legal fees. d. Other things held constant, a callable bond should have a lower yield to maturity than a noncallable bond. e. A firm with a sinking fund that gives it the choice of calling the required bonds at par or buying the bonds in the open market would generally choose the open market purchase if the coupon rate exceeded the going interest rate.arrow_forwardis NOT a characteristic of a money market instrument. A. illiquidity B. short maturity C. low risk D. none of above Which of the following is a characteristic of preferred stock? A. Give voting rights to its owner. B. It is like annuity. C. Investors cannot force the payment of the dividend. D. Dividends are tax-deductible for the fim as opposed to interest payment. Which of the following is NOT money market security? A. Bankers acceptance B. Treasury notes C. Federal funds D. Eurodollars and Eurodollar CD'sarrow_forward1)How does a profitable capital market help reduce the prices of goods and services? 2) The SEC attempts to protect investors who purchase newly issued securities by requiring issuers to provide relevant financial information to potential investors. The SEC does not provide an opinion on the actual value of the securities.Therefore, a reckless investor could pay too much for some shares and consequently lose a lot. Do you think the SEC should, as part of every new offering of stocks or bonds, give investors an opinion on the appropriate value of the securities being offered? Explain.arrow_forward
- Please provide answer of question no. 2arrow_forwardWhich of the following statements is FALSE? A. Equity cost of capital is normally higher then cost of debt, thus cost of debt can be examined in isolation. B. No matter if a firm is unlevered or levered, there is no difference in the market value of the firms total securities and market value of the firm’s assets. C. Introducing debt increases the risk even though it may be cheap and consequently increases firms equity cost of capital. D. Cost of Capital of equity and Leverage can be explicitly explained by first proposition that Modigliani and Miller introduced.arrow_forwardWhat is the relationship between the expected return of a stock and its fair expected return? When is a stock underpriced, overpriced, or fairly priced? Explain what happens to the firm’s cost of equity, cost of debt, and cost of capital when the firm increases the amount of debt in its capital structure. Assume all Modigliani and Miller assumptions hold and that there are no taxes. How can we use the internal rate of return to evaluate whether we should pursue a specific project? Should we pursue a project when the cost of capital is higher than the internal rate of return?arrow_forward
- If the market value of a firm becomes less than its book value, it becomes an attractive takeover target.the firm will be delisted by the stock exchange.the Securities and Exchange Commission will not allow it to declare dividends until the market value once again exceeds the book value.the firm will be unable to service its debt.arrow_forwardAlthough a company would never dispel gains from currency fluctuations, they truly hate accounting for the losses. This is why minimizing risk is so important. It is absolutely necessary to retain a firm’s profits from selling a product or providing a service. Please consider the following questions: What is the purpose of a hedge? How does a hedge operate? Provide an example of three hedging strategies. Of the three, which do you prefer?arrow_forwardThe disadvantages of debt to the corporation include all but which of the following? Group of answer choices A. Indenture agreements may place burdensome restrictions on the firm. B. Interest and principal payments must be met regardless of performance results. C. Debt may have to be paid back with "cheaper" dollars because of inflation. D. Too much debt may depress the firm's stock price.arrow_forward
- FASB allows debt to be shown at its fair market value. Consequently, if a company in financial difficulty uses the fair value option, it would report a gain because investors no longer want to purchase its debt. Do you think that this is appropriate?arrow_forwarda. What are the risks and rewards of investing in the stock market as compared to the bond market?b. “Because corporations do not actually raise any funds in secondary markets, they are less important to the economy than primary markets.” Comment.arrow_forwardWhich of the following statements is correct? O Flotation costs under a best-efforts arrangement typically are less for a given new equity issue than the costs associated with an underwritten offering, and the corporation is more certain of getting the needed funds under a best-efforts offering. This is why best efforts deals are most common. O If a firm decides to issue securities through a direct (or private) placement, then the underwriting syndicate that is formed to distribute the securities to the public may. at its discretion, decide either to guarantee or not to guarantee the sale of the securities. O If the demand curve for a firm's stock is relatively flat. the firm will havea more difficult time raising a large amount of new equity funds for expansion than would be true if this demand curve were steeper. OIt is possible for a firm to go public, and yet not ralse any additional capital. O None of these.arrow_forward
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