IELTS Focus - GT Writing T2 - Student updated
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School
University of Texas, Arlington *
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Course
1301
Subject
English
Date
Apr 3, 2024
Type
Pages
60
Uploaded by DoctorManateeMaster1116
IELTS Focus:
General Training Writing Task 2
Developed by IDP IELTS Middle East
Student Book
Contents
© IDP Education 2020. Reproduction in whole or part is forbidden except with the written permission of IDP.
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Computer or paper: Your IELTS, your choice
Which IELTS is best for you?
Pre-course Writing assessment: Writing Assist
Quiz: how much do you know about the IELTS Writing Test?
Understanding IELTS General Training Writing Tasks 1 and 2
How IELTS writing is scored
Writing Task 2 band descriptors (public version)
Instructions, format and essay question prompts
Understanding the instructions
Understanding appropriate format
Understanding essay question prompts
Planning your essay
Topic 1: STEM education
Topic 2: responsibility for health
Topic 3: family businesses
Topic 4: overseas study
Topic 5: traffic congestion
The parts of the essay
The introduction paragraph
The supporting paragraphs
The conclusion paragraph
Coherence and Cohesion
Understanding paragraphing
Using linking words
Lexical Resource
Creating a personal dictionary
Grammatical Range and Accuracy
Simple and complex structures
Applying the Essay Planning Framework
General Training Task 2 assessment
Writing Task 2 Checklist
Error correction codes
Tips for Writing Task 2
Preparation Guide
Answers
Acknowledgements
Computer or paper: Your IELTS, your choice
Whether you take IELTS on paper or computer, you can be confident that you are taking the same trusted English language test.
* Please check with your local test centre for the available computer-delivered IELTS sessions.
** In the computer-delivered Listening test, the timings are slightly different from the paper-based test. This is because the paper-based test
requires users to transfer answers to an answer sheet. This step becomes redundant when answering directly on a computer.
• Before the start of each part of the Listening test you will have some time to read the questions.
• After the end of each part of the Listening test you will have some time to review your answers.
• At the end of the Listening test, you will have 2 minutes to check your answers.
The timing of the Listening test is between 30 - 34 minutes.
3-5 days Up to 7 days a week
2
IELTS Focus - General Training Writing Task 2
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Student Book
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Which IELTS is best for you?
IELTS Focus - General Training Writing Task 2
4
Your teacher will arrange for you to complete IDP’s Writing Assist. You will write a Task 1 and Task 2, which are both very similar to the real IELTS Writing tasks.
If you're a self study student preparing for IELTS, we recommend checking out the free IELTS Writing sample tests
.
Pre-course Writing assessment: Writing Assist
5
Interview your partner, take some notes, and then introduce each other to the class:
1. What are some interesting facts about you that you’d like me to share with the class?
2. Have you taken IELTS before? Where? When?
3. When do you plan to take the IELTS test?
4. Which skills do you think you are best at?
5. Which skills are most difficult for you?
6. What do you most hope to learn in this course?
7. If you could give your classmates one piece of advice about studying in this course, what would it be?
8. If you could give your teacher one piece of advice about teaching this course, what would it be?
9. How much time do you spend in total reading, writing, listening and speaking in English?
10. How will succeeding in the IELTS test help you achieve your goals for the future?
Student Book
Ice breaker
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Quiz: How much do you know about
the IELTS Writing Test?
How do you rate your writing skills on a scale of 1-10?
(10 = highest; 1 = lowest)
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
How much do you know about the IELTS Writing test? Answer the questions below. Check and see if your partner agrees. We will come back to this later in the course.
1. How long does the writing test last?
a. 45 minutes
b. 60 minutes
c. 90 minutes
2. How many writing tasks are there?
a. 2
b. 3
c. 4
3. How many words do you need to write for Task 1?
a. A maximum of 150 words
b. A minimum of 150 words
4. About how long should you spend writing Task 1?
a. 10 minutes
b. 20 minutes
c. 40 minutes
5. Task 1 involves expressing and justifying an opinion.
a. Yes b. No
6. How many words do you need to write for Task 2?
a. A maximum of 250 words
b. A minimum of 250 words
7. About how long should you spend writing Task 2?
a. 20 minutes
b. 40 minutes
c. 60 minutes
8. Do you have to do both tasks?
a. Yes b. No
9. Task 1 is weighted 1/3 and Task 2 is weighted 2/3 of the total Writing score, so you should spend 20 minutes writing Task 1 and 40 minutes writing Task 2.
a. Yes b. No
IELTS Focus - General Training Writing Task 2
7
10. In Task 1 what kinds of visuals might you have to describe?
a. Graphs
b. Maps
c. A process
d. All of the above
11. In Task 2, what type of writing do you need to write?
a. An essay
b. A story
c. A newspaper article
d. A speech
12. In Task 2, what should you include in your answer?
a. An introduction and body paragraphs only
b. An introduction and a conclusion only
c. An introduction, two or more body paragraphs, and a conclusion
13. In Tasks 1 and 2, how should you write your answers?
a. In notes
b. In bullet points
c. In full sentences
d. All of the above
14. What are the criteria you will be marked on?
a. Task achievement/response
b. Grammar range and accuracy
c. Lexical resource
d. Coherence and cohesion
e. All of the above
15. In Task 2, will you get a lower score if the Examiner disagrees with your ideas and opinions?
a. Yes b. No
16. Do you have to write Task 1 before Task 2?
a. Yes b. No
17. In paper-based IELTS do you have to use a pen or pencil?
a. Pen
b. Pencil
c. Either pen or pencil is OK.
18. Are correct spelling and punctuation important in Task 1 and 2 Writing?
a. Yes b. No
19. Can you get a higher score if you use a variety of vocabulary and grammatical structures?
a. Yes b. No
20. Is a half band score possible in the IELTS Academic Writing Test (for example 6.5)?
a. Yes b. No
Student Book
Answers:
1. (b), 2. (a), 3. (b), 4. (b), 5. (b), 6.(b), 7. (b), 8. (a), 9 (a), 10. (d), 11. (a), 12. (c), 13. (c), 14. (e), 15. (b), 16. (b), 17. (b), 18. (a), 19. (a), 20. (a)
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Understanding IELTS General Training Writing Tasks 1 and 2
There are two Writing tasks and BOTH must be completed.
Task types
Task 1: • Write a letter in response to a situation requesting information or explaining the situation.
• Test takers may have to engage in personal correspondence to:
- Elicit and provide general factual information
- Express needs, wants, likes and dislikes
- Express opinions (views, complaints) etc.
• The letter may be personal, semi-formal or formal in style.
• Write at least 150 words in about 20 minutes.
Task 2:
• Write an essay in response to a point of view or argument or problem. • Write at least 250 words in about 40 minutes
Answering
• Write answers in full sentences organized into paragraphs. • Do not write notes, lists or bullet points on your Task 1 or Task 2 essays.
• In paper-based IELTS you can take notes on the question booklet.
• In computer-delivered IELTS you can take notes on the screen.
Timing: 60 minutes
No. of questions: 2
IELTS Focus - General Training Writing Task 2
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How IELTS Writing is scored
Answers are scored on:
• Task Achievement/Task Response
• Coherence and Cohesion
• Lexical Resource
• Grammatical Range and Accuracy.
General Training Writing - Task achievement: Task 1
• Assesses how appropriately, accurately and relevantly the response fulfills the requirements set out in the task: all bullet points covered, clear purpose and tone, appropriate format
• Must write a minimum of 150 words
Academic and GT Writing - Task response: Task 2
• Assesses how well the response formulates and develops a position in relation to a given prompt in the form of a question or statement. • Ideas should be supported by evidence
• Examples may come from the test takers’ own experience. • Must write a minimum of 250 words. Student Book
Coherence and cohesion • Assesses the overall clarity and fluency of the message: how the essay organises and links information, ideas and language. • Coherence means the linking of ideas through logical sequencing. • Cohesion means the variety of cohesive devices used to make clear the relationships between ideas (e.g., logical connectors, pronouns and conjunctions) Lexical resource • Assesses the range, accuracy and appropriacy of vocabulary in relation to the specific task.
Grammatical range and accuracy • Assesses the range and accurate use of grammar at the sentence level.
Adapted from: https://www.ielts.org/about-thetest/~/link.aspx?_id=B678D89D4F974C7FAB45CC6E241CA4B6&_z=z#sthash.YcB4fYLZ.dpuf
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IELTS Focus - General Training Writing Task 2
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Instructions, format and essay question prompts
12
Understanding the instructions
In Task 2 writing, the instructions are always the same. Read the instructions below and answer the questions.
You should spend about 40 minutes on this task. Give reasons for your answer and include any relevant examples from your own knowledge or experience. Write at least 250 words. Writing Task 2
1. Why should you spend about 40 minutes on Task 2?
2. What cohesive devices can you use to give reasons? Write some examples below.
3. The instructions tell you to include relevant examples from your own knowledge or experience. Does this mean you can use the pronoun ‘I’ to write about your own experience? 4. What cohesive devices can you use to give examples? Write some examples below.
IELTS Focus - General Training Writing Task 2
To get above band 4 or 5 in Task Response you must use appropriate format.
Tip!
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Understanding appropriate format
In Academic Task 2 Writing you have to write an essay
in response to a point of view, argument or problem. Notes, bullet points, headings and subheadings are inappropriate. You will lose marks for inappropriate format. Student Book
Look at the 5 model Task 2 essays, A-E. With a partner, decide which are examples of appropriate or inappropriate format, and explain why.
Model Answer A has appropriate/inappropriate format because____________________.
Model Answer B has appropriate/inappropriate format because____________________.
Dear Khalid, I would like to tell you about the advantages and disadvantages of taking a gap year. Xxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxx xxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxx xxxx xxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxx xxxxxx
The main advantages are that xxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxx xxxxxx xxxxxx xxxxxxxx xxxxxxxx xxxxxxx xxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxx xxxx xxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxx xxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx
Well, my dear friend, in general, you can see that there are some disadvantages xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx. Are you planning to take a gap year?
Take care of yourself and I can’t wait to see you again.
Yours truly, Omar
Model Answer A
Ladies and gentlemen, thank you for coming to this presentation today. I’m very happy to tell you about the advantages and disadvantages of taking a gap year. Xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxx xxxxxx xx xxxx Now if you listen carefully I can tell you that, in general, I believe there are more advantages than disadvantages. Xxx xxxxxx xxxxxxx xxxxxxxxx xxxxxx xxxxxx xxxx xxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxx xxxx xxxxxxx xxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxx xxxx xxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxx.
There are one or two disadvantages, though. Can anyone in the audience today tell me what they might be? Xxxxxxxx xxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxx xxxxxxxx xxx xxxxxx Now if you have any questions I’m happy to answer them before I leave today. Thank you so much for your attention. You’ve been a great audience!
Model Answer B
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Model Answer C has appropriate/inappropriate format because____________________.
• The first disadvantage is xxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx.
• Another disadvantage is xxxx xxxxxxx xxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxx xxxx xxx xxx xxxxxxxxx
• However, one advantage is xxxxxx xxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxx xxxxxxxx xxxx Model Answer C
Model Answer D has appropriate/inappropriate format because____________________.
Xxxxxxxxx xxxx xxxxxx xxxx xxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxx xxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxx xxxxxxx xxxxxxxx xxxxxx xxxxxxx xxxxxxxx xxxxxxxx xxxxxxxx xxxxxxxx xxxx xxxxxx xxxxxx xxxxxx xxxxxxx xxxxxxxx xxxxxxx xxxxxx xxxxxx xxxxxx xxxx xxxx xxxx xxxx xxxxxxxx xxxxxxxx xxxxxx.
Overall, the advantages are xxxxxxxx xxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxx xxxxxxxx xxx xxxxxxxx xxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxx xxxxxxxx xxx; however, there were some disadvantages too.
The first disadvantage relates to xxxxxxxx xxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxx xxxxxxxx xxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxx xxxx xxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxx.
As I have shown, xxxxxxxx xxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxx
Model Answer D
Model Answer E has appropriate/inappropriate format because____________________.
Advantages and Disadvantages of Taking a Gap Year
Introduction
xxxxxxxx xxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxx xxxxxxxx xxx Overall, the advantages are xxxxxxxx xxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxx xxxxxxxx xxx xxx; however, there were some disadvantages too.
Advantages and disadvantages of Taking a Gap Year
xxxxxxxx xxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxx
Conclusion
In general, xxxxxxxx xxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxx
Model Answer E
IELTS Focus - General Training Writing Task 2
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What is a paraphrase of question A?
What are 3 ways you could answer this?
Understanding essay question prompts
There are several question prompts that often appear on IELTS Task 2 Writing. Make sure you understand each of them and how you should respond. Ask yourself: how many parts are there in this question? If you only write about one part of the question, you will not score above band 5 in Task Response. Tip!
A. To what extent do you agree or disagree?
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How many parts are there to question B?
B. Discuss both these views and give your own opinion.
What is a paraphrase of question C?
C. Do the disadvantages outweigh the advantages?
What is a paraphrase of question D?
D. Do the advantages outweigh the disadvantages?
What is a paraphrase of question E?
E. Is this a positive or a negative development?
What is a paraphrase of question F? How many parts are there to this question?
F. What are the causes and what can be done about it?
IELTS Focus - General Training Writing Task 2
Student Book
Answers:
Description 4, 3, 1, 2
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In the chart below are four of the most common Task 2 essay types. Match the descriptions 1-4 to the four types of essays. Write the correct description for each essay type in the correct box below.
Descriptions:
1. Write about the pros and cons, or positive and negative points.
2. Write about the reasons or problems of something and suggest what can be done about it.
3. Write about two completely opposite points of view and give your own opinion.
4. Write about your opinion for or against a statement.
Type of essay
Description
Agree or disagree
Discuss both views
Advantages and disadvantages
Causes and solutions
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Planning your essay
Understanding the instructions
Before you begin writing, spend 3 to 4 minutes planning your essay. In paper-based Writing you can write on the Question Booklet. In computer-delivered Writing you can use the notes function. Plan to write at least 4 paragraphs: one separate introduction paragraph, 2 or 3 supporting paragraphs and one conclusion paragraph.
Essay Planning Framework
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1. How many parts
are there in the question that you must answer? Circle key words to help you.
2. Decide on your position
(what do you believe about the topic?)
3. Decide on your main ideas & number of paragraphs (for example, 3 main ideas = 3 supporting paragraphs)
Write the introduction
1. Introduce the topic. 2. State your position clearly.
3. Say what your main ideas are going to be
IELTS Focus - General Training Writing Task 2
Student Book
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Write your supporting paragraphs. Begin each paragraph with a topic sentence:
Paragraph 1. Topic sentence:
Support: a.
b.
c.
Paragraph 2. Topic sentence:
Support: a.
b.
c.
Paragraph 3. Topic sentence:
Support: a.
b.
c.
Write the conclusion
1. Summarize the main points of the essay.
2. State again what your position is.
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Topic 1: STEM education
You should spend about 40 minutes on this task.
Write about the following topic:
Governments should spend more money on providing STEM* education in schools than on music and art because employers need more people with a STEM background than music or art.
To what extent do you agree or disagree with this opinion?
Give reasons for your answer and include any relevant examples from your own knowledge or experience.
Write at least 250 words.
Governments | more money | STEM education | music and art | employers need more people
agree or disagree
*STEM = Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics
How to Approach the Task
Spend a few minutes planning your essay.
First, circle the key words in the question prompt to help you understand the topic: Circle the key words to help you understand the task:
Decide how many parts there are that you have to write about in your essay. There is
one main part
:
Governments should/should not spend more money on STEM subjects than on music and art because employers need/do not need more people with a STEM background.
Notice that you must also address the smaller elements in the prompt as well – whether employers need more people with a STEM background.
Decide on your position
on this topic. Write it below.
Quickly think of reasons and examples to support your main ideas:
Supporting Paragraph 1 Topic Sentence:
One important reason why governments should/should not spend more money on STEM subjects in schools than on music and art is…
Support: a.
b.
c.
Supporting Paragraph 2 Topic Sentence:
Another reason why governments should/should not spend more money on STEM subjects in schools than on music and art is…
Support: a.
b.
c.
Conclusion paragraph:
summarize your main ideas and restate your opinion.
IELTS Focus - General Training Writing Task 2
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Governments | responsible for people’s health | individuals
Both these views | and
How to Approach the Task
Spend a few minutes planning your essay.
First, circle the key words in the question prompt to help you understand the topic:
Circle the key words to help you understand the task:
Topic 2: responsibility for health
You should spend about 40 minutes on this task.
Write about the following topic:
Some people think governments are responsible for people’s health. Others believe it is an individual’s responsibility. Discuss both these views and give your own opinion.
Give reasons for your answer and include any relevant examples from your own knowledge or experience.
Write at least 250 words.
Decide how many parts there are that you have to write about in your essay. There are 3 parts:
1) Some people say governments are responsible for people’s health.
2) Others say individuals are responsible for their own health
3) Your own opinion
Decide on your position
on this topic. Write it below.
Quickly think of examples/reasons to support these 3 main ideas:
Supporting Paragraph 1 Topic Sentence:
Some people say governments are responsible for people’s health.
Support: a.
b.
c.
Supporting Paragraph 2 Topic Sentence:
Others say individuals are responsible for their own health.
Support: a. b.
c.
Supporting Paragraph 3 Topic Sentence:
State your opinion- are individuals or the government responsible for people’s health?
Support: a.
b.
c.
Conclusion paragraph:
summarize the 3 main ideas and restate your opinion.
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22
Topic 3: family businesses
You should spend about 40 minutes on this task.
Write about the following topic:
Many businesses in the world today are run by family members. Do the advantages of family-run businesses outweigh the disadvantages?
Give reasons for your answer and include any relevant examples from your own knowledge or experience.
Write at least 250 words.
Many businesses | run by family members
Advantages | outweigh | disadvantages
How to Approach the Task
Spend a few minutes planning your essay. First, circle the key words in the question prompt to help you understand the topic:
Circle the key words to help you understand the task:
Decide how many parts there are that you have to write about in your essay. There are 2 parts
:
1) The advantages of family-run businesses and 2) the disadvantages of family-run businesses
Decide on your position
on this topic. Are there more advantages or more disadvantages of family-run businesses? Write it below. Quickly think of examples/reasons to support your main ideas:
Supporting Paragraph 1 Topic Sentence:
One advantage/disadvantage of family run businesses:
Support: a.
b.
c.
Supporting Paragraph 2 Topic Sentence:
Another advantage/disadvantage of family run businesses:
Support: a. b.
c.
(Optional) Supporting Paragraph 3 Topic Sentence:
A third advantage/disadvantage of family run businesses:
Support: a.
b.
c.
Conclusion paragraph:
summarize the 3 main ideas and restate your opinion.
IELTS Focus - General Training Writing Task 2
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Topic 4: overseas study
You should spend about 40 minutes on this task.
Write about the following topic:
An increasing number of young people are traveling overseas to study. Is this a positive or a negative development?
Give reasons for your answer and include any relevant examples from your own knowledge or experience.
Write at least 250 words.
Increasing number | young people | overseas | study
Positive | or | negative
How to Approach the Task
Spend a few minutes planning your essay. First, circle the key words in the question prompt to help you understand the topic: Circle the key words to help you understand the task:
Decide how many parts there are that you have to write about in your essay. There is one part
:
Is traveling overseas for study positive or negative?
Decide on your position on this topic. Write it below. Quickly think of examples/reasons to support your main ideas:
Supporting Paragraph 1 Topic Sentence:
One positive/negative development of young people traveling overseas to study is…..
Support: a.
b.
c.
Supporting Paragraph 2 Topic Sentence:
Another positive/negative development of young people traveling overseas to study is…..
Support: a. b.
c.
(Optional) Supporting Paragraph 3 Topic Sentence:
A third positive/negative development of young people traveling overseas to study is…..
Support: a.
b.
c.
Conclusion paragraph:
summarize the 3 main ideas and restate your opinion.
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Topic 5: traffic congestion
You should spend about 40 minutes on this task.
Write about the following topic:
In many cities of the world, traffic congestion is a serious problem.
What are the causes and what can be done about it?
Give reasons for your answer and include any relevant examples from your own knowledge or experience.
Write at least 250 words.
Traffic congestion | serious problem
Causes | and | what can be done
How to Approach the Task
Spend a few minutes planning your essay. First, circle the key words in the question prompt to help you understand the topic: Circle the key words to help you understand the task:
Decide how many parts there are that you have to write about in your essay. There are 2 main parts
:
1) What are the causes of traffic congestion in many cities of the world?
2) What are the solutions?
Decide on your position
on this topic. Write it below:
Quickly think of reasons and examples to support your main ideas:
Supporting Paragraph 1 Topic Sentence:
There are several causes of traffic congestion in cities:
Support: a.
b.
c.
Supporting Paragraph 2 Topic Sentence:
There are a few possible solutions:
Support: a.
b.
c.
Conclusion paragraph:
summarize your main ideas and restate your opinion.
IELTS Focus - General Training Writing Task 2
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The Introduction Paragraph
1. A background statement that paraphrases the question prompt
2. A thesis statement that contains your position and introduces your main ideas
Look again at Essay Planning Topic #4:
First, you need to write a background statement that paraphrases the question prompt
. Paraphrase means use different words to write the same meaning. Think of synonyms or words with similar meaning to help you write a paraphrase: An increasing number = more and more
Young people =young adults
Traveling overseas = going abroad/going to different countries
Background statement: More and more young adults are going abroad to study.
Then, write a thesis statement that includes your positio
n. You should say what you believe about the question prompt and introduce your main ideas. Here is the introduction:
The parts of the essay
The introduction paragraph
Every essay must have a separate introduction paragraph. About 35- 55 words is long enough. The introduction paragraph includes 2 important elements:
You should spend about 40 minutes on this task.
Write about the following topic:
An increasing number of young people are traveling overseas to study. Is this a positive or a negative development?
Give reasons for your answer and include any relevant examples from your own knowledge or experience.
Write at least 250 words.
More and more young adults are going abroad to study. In my opinion, this is a positive development because they learn about new cultures, become more independent, and bring new ideas back to their home country.
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Supporting Paragraph 1. Topic Sentence
2. Explanation
3. Example
Topic Sentence:
One positive development of young people traveling overseas to study is that they learn about new cultures.
Explanation:
They not only learn about what other people eat and how they dress, but after a few years of living overseas, they also start to understand how people in other countries think and behave in both social and professional situations. Example: For example, my cousin traveled to Houston in the USA in 2013. He registered as an undergraduate student at the University of Houston-Clear Lake and majored in international business. Through interacting with American and international students in the classroom and during his internship at Texas Instruments, he acquired valuable communication and intercultural skills. When my cousin returned to Saudi Arabia with his B.A., he discovered that many companies in Riyadh valued his overseas experience, which enabled him to get a good job with a global company.
The supporting paragraphs
How many supporting paragraphs should you write? It depends on how many parts there are to the question prompt. Usually you will only need to write two or three supporting paragraphs but it is important to provide explanation and examples to support each main idea.
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Every paragraph must have one main idea expressed in a Topic Sentence. All the other sentences in the paragraph should explain, and give reasons or examples about this one main idea. Let’s look again at Essay Planning Topic #4. Two or three good supporting paragraphs like this is all you need.
IELTS Focus - General Training Writing Task 2
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27
The conclusion paragraph
You must always finish your essay with a brief conclusion paragraph. Begin with a linking phrase: In conclusion, To sum up,
To conclude, In short,
Recommendation: In this globalized world, it is recommended that students continue getting an education overseas if they possibly can.
OR
Prediction: It is predicted that the number of students going overseas to study will continue to increase in the future.
In conclusion, increasingly these days, students are seeking education in different countries. As I have discussed, this is beneficial because they become familiar with different cultures, gain in independence, and bring a fresh perspective on their return home.
Then look back at the thesis statement that you wrote in your introduction paragraph. The thesis statement expressed your opinion about the topic and introduced your main ideas:
More and more young adults are going abroad to study. In my opinion, this is a positive development because they learn about new cultures, become more independent, and bring new ideas back to their home country.
Paraphrase your thesis statement. Make sure you clearly express your opinion about the topic and briefly summarize your main ideas. This is your conclusion paragraph. Do not introduce any new ideas in the conclusion.
Finally, check that you have written enough. Count the number of lines. If you average 10 words per line, you should have written at least 25-27 lines. You may want to add a sentence or two to the conclusion if you think you have not written enough. You can add a recommendation or a prediction:
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Coherence and Cohesion
Understanding paragraphing
It is very important to write in paragraphs in your Task 2 essay. At first glance, your essay must have the right shape and look.
Every paragraph should focus on one main idea. Begin with a topic sentence. Support it with explanation and examples. All the sentences in the paragraph should relate to the topic sentence.
Look at the Task 2 essay below. Notice how the writer makes it very clear where each paragraph begins and ends by leaving a blank line between every paragraph. It is also a good idea to indent every new paragraph. Indent means “leaving a space” at the beginning of each paragraph. Xxxxxxxxx xxxx xxxxxx xxxx xxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxx xxxxxxxx xxxx xxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxx xxxxxxx xxxxxxxx xxxxxx xxxxxxx xxxxxxxx xxxxxxxx xxxxxxxx xxxxxxxx xxxx xxxxxx xxxxxx xxxxxx xxxxxxx xxxxxxxx xxxxxxx xxxxxx xxxxxx xxxxxx xxxx xxxx xxxx xxxx xxxxxxxx xxxxxxxx xxxxxx.
Overall, the advantages are xxxxxxxx xxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxx xxxxxxxx xxx xxxxxxxx xxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxx xxxxxxxx xxx; however, there were some disadvantages too.
The first disadvantage relates to xxxxxxxx xxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxx
xxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxx xxxxxxxx xxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxx xxxx xxxxxx
xxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxx. As I have shown, xxxxxxxx xxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxx 28
To get above band 5 in Coherence and Cohesion you must write in paragraphs. Tip!
Paragraph
Topic Sentence
Explanation
Example
IELTS Focus - General Training Writing Task 2
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29
Using linking words
Present your ideas in a logical order. Use linking words between your paragraphs
to make it easy for the reader to follow your ideas:
Use a range of linking words, cohesive devices and referencing within your paragraphs to clearly show the relationship between your ideas. Focus on using a variety of different cohesive devices, but only use them when it is logical and when it helps to make the relationships between your ideas clear.
One reason for ….is….
Another reason for this is because…
The most important reason of all, however, relates to …..
To conclude,….
Don’t use too many cohesive devices! Band 5 in Coherence and Cohesion says:
• Makes inadequate, inaccurate or over-use of cohesive devices
• May be repetitive because of a lack of referencing and substitution.
Tip!
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Make sure you use a variety of linking words from the list below to help you get a high score in Coherence and Cohesion.
30
Listing and Sequencing
first,
second,
third,
fourth,
last,
last but not least,
finally,
Giving your Opinion
I believe
I think
in my opinion,
As for me, to my way of thinking,
in my view,
I agree that/with…
I disagree that/with…
Giving Examples
one example is…
to illustrate,
for example, for instance,
namely
such as
like
Adding information
and
in addition
additionally
furthermore
moreover
also
as well
not only…but also…
Emphasizing
particularly
specifically
especially
obviously
without doubt
clearly
of course
it goes without saying that
Result
as a result
therefore
thus
so for this reason
consequently
Contrast
however
but
nevertheless
although
even though
in spite of despite on the other hand
whereas
in contrast
alternatively
Reason or Cause
because
because of
since
due to
as
owing to
Conclusion
in conclusion
to conclude
to sum up
IELTS Focus - General Training Writing Task 2
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31
Read the sentences below and decide what relationship is expressed by the linking word. Write the number of each sentence in the column below. The first one has been done for you.
1. Agricultural pesticides continue to be used despite contaminating the environment.
2. Public transport is beneficial for our environment but sometimes it is not dependable.
3. Solar energy is not common in many countries although the technology already exists.
4. Global warming is threatening the forests and, in addition, it is harming wildlife.
5. Some people dislike windmills because they are noisy and look ugly.
6. Hybrid cars are significantly cheaper to run than regular cars.
7. Fossil fuels create carbon monoxide whereas hydrogen combustion produces only water.
8. In some cities people wear face masks since they do not want to breathe in smoggy air.
9. Severe droughts are becoming more common because of the lack of rainfall.
Comparison and contrast
1.
Exercise A
A is faster than
B.
A is more expensive than
B.
C is the fastest/the most expensive
.
C is significantly faster than
B.
C is fast whereas
A is slow.
A is quite small. On the other hand
, C is very large.
The main difference between
A and C is that A is fast whereas C is slow.
A is cheap. Alternatively
, B is quite expensive.
Cause and effect
Overeating is the cause
of obesity.
Overeating causes /leads to / results in
obesity.
Obesity is caused by / is the result of
overeating.
Obesity occurs because of
overeating.
Obesity occurs because /since
people overeat.
As a result of
overeating, obesity occurs.
Relationship
Word/ Phrase
Example Sentences
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32
Additional information
A is large and
expensive.
A is large. A is also
expensive.
Not only is A large but
it is also
expensive.
As well as / In addition to
being large, A is expensive.
A is large. In addition
, A is expensive.
Contrast
Homework is boring, but / yet
it is important.
Although
homework is boring, it is important.
Despite / In spite of
homework being boring, it is important.
Homework is boring. However
, it is important.
Relationship
Word/ Phrase
Example Sentences
IELTS Focus - General Training Writing Task 2
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Student Book
33
Technology
The environment
Crime and justice
Health Globalization International development
Education
Transportation
Traditions and culture
Lexical Resource
Creating a personal dictionary
To get a good score on Lexical Resource you must use a range of vocabulary that is related to the topic of your essay. Some of the best ways to improve your vocabulary are:
1. Read and listen to authentic English at least 20 minutes a day. Read current events magazines and articles on topics, such as:
2. Try to guess the meaning of new words from the context of what you read or hear.
3. Write down new vocabulary words in a notebook or record them on an app on your phone.
Look at the entry below for the word tourism.
4. Review these new words again and again using tools like Memrise or Quizlet.
5.Practice using these new words when you speak and write.
Look at the entry below for the word tourism.
The new word
tourism
What information to record Example
Part of speech (noun, verb, adjective)
noun
An example sentence
Tourism is a booming business in many
places of the world.
Collocations
International tourism
Package tourism
Mass tourism etc
Antonym - a word with the opposite meaning
Staying at home / not traveling
Synonym - word with the same meaning
sightseeing
Definition
The activity of traveling to a
place, or the business of
providing hotels, restaurants
and entertainment for people who are traveling.
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Grammatical Range and Accuracy
Simple and complex structures
To improve your score in grammar, you need to write as accurately as you can. However, you must also use a variety of simple and complex structures.
When you finish writing, check your sentences and correct your mistakes.
34
IELTS Focus - General Training Writing Task 2
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Look at the following examples of complex structures. In your writing, try to use as many different sentence types as you can. If
If children grow up in poorer families, they can solve problems better.
When
When children do part-time work, they learn valuable skills for the future.
….because….
They know how to face adult problems because
they have seen their parents handle them.
Although….
Although he grew up in a poor family, he considered himself to be rich in other ways.
…who…
Children who
grow up in wealthy families are not always happy.
…which/that…
Tourism has other advantages, which
have a positive influence on a city.
Tourism has advantages that
can positively impact a city.
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36
Exercise A
Fill in the gaps in the sentences below.
1. I’m going to the bank I need some money.
2. she finishes her homework soon, she will fail the class.
3. David bought a new shirt he had received one as a gift last week.
4. Mariam thinks she will be in trouble she doesn’t complete the project on time.
5. We went to the beach it was raining.
Exercise B
Combine the sentences below to create complex sentences. Use the word who/which/that.
1. Foreign correspondents are journalists. They report on the news from different parts of the world.
2. A graphic designer is a skilled artist. A graphic designer creates the graphics for printed and electronic media.
3. A stuntman or stuntwoman performs actions in a film. The actions are too dangerous for regular actors to do.
4. Photo editors choose the best photographs. They tell photographers what news stories to cover. 5. A cinematographer is a cameraman. He or she operates the main camera while shooting a film.
IELTS Focus - General Training Writing Task 2
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37
Exercise C
Use subordinating conjunctions (
though, if, when, because
) to combine the 2 sentences into one complex sentence. There is more than one possible answer.
1. Hamed plays golf really well. He is very young.
2. I really enjoyed the concert. The music was too loud.
3. I’m writing a letter. You will find it tomorrow.
4. Sally needs to learn English. I will teach her.
5. Robert didn’t have a lot of money. He bought the Ferrari.
6. Elizabeth has an important presentation next week. She has been working extremely long hours this week.
7. I get home from work. I go straight to the gym.
8. Susan and Mark had breakfast. They left for work.
9. He was late for work. He took a taxi.
10. The bill came. He offered to pay for dinner.
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General Training Task 2
You should spend about 40 minutes on this task.
Write about the following topic:
Many serial dramas on TV (e.g. ‘soap operas’ or ‘soaps’) play an important social role.
Do you agree or disagree?
Give reasons for your answer and include any relevant examples from your own knowledge or experience.
Write at least 250 words.
Applying the Essay Planning Framework
Read the Task 2 essay prompt below.
You are going to plan and write this essay with a partner. First, discuss with your partner whether you agree or disagree that serial dramas play an important role in society. • If you agree, you are in Group A. If you disagree, you are in Group B.
• In your group, discuss and take notes in the box on the next page. Write at least 2-3 main ideas to support your point of view.
• In your group, use the Essay Planning Framework to help you plan your essay together.
• Then, write your Task 2 response on the Writing Answer Sheet.
• When you finish, use the Writing Task 2 Checklist at the back of the book.
38
Sourced from the IELTS Scores Guide page 63
IELTS Focus - General Training Writing Task 2
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Student Book
39
Notes
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40
SAMPLE
IELTS Focus - General Training Writing Task 2
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SAMPLE
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42
Discuss the Task 2 essay below with your teacher.
Band 7.5
Sample response
Task 2 Serial Dramas - Response B IELTS Focus - General Training Writing Task 2
Sourced from IELTS Scores Guide page 65.
This is a thoughtful and considered response that addresses all parts of the task. Ideas are developed and supported, although some could be
more clearly focused on the social role of serial dramas. Nevertheless, the approach is germane
to the issue under discussion and the conclusions drawn are clear and relevant. The answer flows well and the progression .
of the argument is logical throughout
There are lapses in paragraph development and occasional awkwardness in referencing that limit the rating. Cohesion is otherwise handled well. The test taker uses a wide range of vocabulary and skilfully incorporates less common words and phrases.
There are only occasional errors in word choice and spelling errors are rare.
Overall, grammar is well controlled and a range of sentence types is used with confidence. A
few errors in articles, agreement and verb phrases occur but these are non-systemic and do not reduce comprehension.
The range of lexis and structures raises this response above Band 7, but the overall performance is not sufficient to reach Band 8.
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43
General Training Task 2
You should spend about 40 minutes on this task.
Write about the following topic:
Shopping is becoming more and more popular as a leisure activity. However, some people feel that this has both positive and negative effects.
Why is shopping so popular?
What effects does its increase in popularity have on individuals and on society?
Give reasons for your answer and include any relevant examples from your own knowledge or experience.
Write at least 250 words.
Applying the Essay Planning Framework
Read the Task 2 essay prompt below.
You are going to plan and write this essay with a partner. First, underline the key words in the question prompt to help you identify how many parts there are to this question. Then, share your ideas with the class:
• Why is shopping so popular?
• How does the increasing popularity of shopping affect individuals?
• How does the increasing popularity of shopping affect society?
Then, work with a partner. Use the Essay Planning Framework to help you plan your essay together.
Take notes in the box on the next page, and then write your Task 2 response on the Writing Answer Sheet.
When you finish, use the Writing Task 2 Checklist at the back of the book.
Sourced from the IELTS Scores Guide page 66
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Notes
IELTS Focus - General Training Writing Task 2
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SAMPLE
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46
SAMPLE
IELTS Focus - General Training Writing Task 2
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47
Band 8
Sample response
Task 2 Shopping Response C Discuss the essay below with your teacher.
Sourced from the IELTS Scores Guide page 69.
All parts of the task are sufficiently and appropriately addressed. A clear position is presented and supported and ideas are relevant and well developed. Some further extension in supporting points, such as some mention of negative effects, however brief, could be added to raise this to the highest band for Task Response. There is a clear progression throughout the response and a wide range of cohesive devices is used with flexibility, although there is rare error too. However, the personal comment in the final paragraph is a sudden topic shift after the general exploration of the issues. This is a slight lapse in the development and clear progression of the response, and prevents it from reaching the highest band for coherence and cohesion. A wide range of vocabulary is used with flexibility and precision. The occasional minor error, such as the omission of dependent prepositions, is evident but not systematic. Similarly, minor errors or omissions occur in structures, but these do not detract from the wide range flexibly and accurately used generally, and the majority of structures are error-free. This is a clear example of a Band 8 performance.
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48
General Training Task 2 assessment
Write your answer on the Writing Answer Booklet.
You should spend about 40 minutes on this task. Write about the following topic: Some young people like to take a gap year* before going on to university. Others prefer to begin their universi-
ty studies immediately after finishing secondary school. What are the advantages and disadvantages of taking a gap year?
Give reasons for your answer and include any relevant examples from your own knowledge or experience.
Write at least 250 words.
*Taking a gap year means taking a year off between high school and university to travel or work.
IELTS Focus - General Training Writing Task 2
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SAMPLE
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50
SAMPLE
IELTS Focus - General Training Writing Task 2
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Writing Task 2 Checklist
Student Book
51
A. Introduction
1. Are the topic and your position clear?
2. Did you paraphrase (not copy) the question prompt?
3. Did you state what main ideas you will discuss?
B. Main body
1. Does each paragraph have a main idea sentence?
2. Does each paragraph discuss one single topic?
3. Does each paragraph explain/give examples about the one main idea of that paragraph? 4. Did you answer all parts of the question prompt? 5. Did you organize your essay in clear paragraphs?
6. Did you use cohesive devices to organize your ideas?
C. Conclusion
1. Did you summarize the main points of the essay?
2. Did you state your position again clearly?
Revise and edit
:
Correct any mistakes in grammar, punctuation and spelling.
Count the number of lines:
10 words per line x 25-27 lines = 250-270 words
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52
Task Achievement / Task Response
Ir
Irrelevance
?
Unclear
Error correction codes
Coherence and Cohesion
//
Start a new paragraph
Reference error -
I wrote a letter to him after I came to this country. They
were happy to receive them
.
R
Lexical Resource
Sp
Spelling error - I wrote a letter to him after I came to this contry
.
Wrong form - I wrote a letter to himself
after I came to this country.
WF
Wrong word -
I wrote a letter to him after I came in
this country.
WW
Grammatical Range and Accuracy
/
Start a new sentence
A word is missing - I wrote a letter to him after came
to this country.
/\
Extra word - I wrote a letter to him after I came in
to this country.
X
Gr
Unspecified grammar error Error with articles (a, an, the) - I wrote letter
to him after I came to this country.
Ar
Punctuation error - I wrote a letter to him, after I came to this country.
P
WO
Wrong word order - To him I wrote a letter
after I came to this country.
Wrong tense - I write
a letter to him after I came to this country.
T
Error with subject-verb agreement - I write
s
a letter to him after I came to this country.
SV
Not necessary
( )
Wrong number - singular or plural - I write a letter
s
.
WN
IELTS Focus - General Training Writing Task 2
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Tips for Writing Task 2
Task 2
Write an essay, at least 250 words
• Think about the question and decide on your position
• How many parts must you answer?
• Write in essay format: no bullet points, headings, or notes
• Write an introduction, support paragraphs, and conclusion
• Indent at the beginning of every paragraph
• Leave a blank line between paragraphs
• Write a main idea sentence at the beginning of every paragraph
• Use a variety of different sentence types and a range of vocabulary
Student Book
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IELTS Focus - General Training Writing Task 2
Type
Features
Experience/
English level
Indicative band score
Personalised feedback
Expert tips to improve
New practice questions
Paid/free
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Practice test
• The only official online practice test developed by IELTS
• Indicative band scores for every test section and an overall band score
• Marked by official IELTS markers
• Suitable for both computer-delivered and paper-based IELTS
• Personalised feedback in all assessment criteria for Writing and Speaking
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+
All assessment criteria for Writing/
Speaking
+
Marker’s comments
Paid
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Online course
• The IELTS online preparation is developed by Macquarie University in Australia
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Free (one skill) when you book a test with IDP. Upgrade to full course at 50% off
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Seminar (in person & webinar)
• A 90-minute class for test takers aiming for a band score of 6 or above
• IELTS assessment criteria explained
• Insights into common IELTS mistakes and how to avoid them • IELTS approved handouts, which include test questions and sample answers
• Time to ask questions in a fun and supportive environment
I
A
Free
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• Everything you want to know about IELTS but were afraid to ask
• What to expect on the test day
• How your skills are assessed • FAQs about Listening, Reading, Writing and Speaking tests
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Pre-intermediate
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Intermediate
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All levels
Our official IDP IELTS Preparation Tools are designed to help you achieve the score you need.
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Answers
Page 12 Instructions, format and essay question prompts. Understanding the instructions
Pages 13-14 Understanding appropriate format
Pages 15-16 Understanding essay question prompts
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56
IELTS Focus - Academic Writing Task 2
Page 36 Exercise A
Answers
Pages 31-32 Exercise A
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1. because
2. Unless
3. even though/although/despite the fact that/in spite of the fact that
Student Book
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Answers
Page 36 Exercise C
Page 36 Exercise B
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Acknowledgements
IDP IELTS Middle East would like to thank all those who contributed to the production of these materials.
Every effort has been made to give credit where due for material used in this Handbook. We apologize if there has been any inadvertent infringement of copyright and, if notified, we will be pleased to rectify any errors or omissions at the earliest opportunity.
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IELTSEssentials
@ielts.essentials
@ieltsessentials
IELTS.
idp.
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