Sample AB Analysis
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Apr 3, 2024
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Penn State
Sample AB Analysis Worksheet ESL 15
Sample AB Analysis Worksheet
Name: VEDANT AGARWAL
Please change the color of your responses to all the tasks in blue. For Task 1 and 2, you do not have to read the Sample AB. Task 1
Read the following completed entry, which is selected from a larger Annotated Bibliography Final Draft. Davis, T. & Jones, P. (2012). Music therapy: dimensions of critical care nursing. Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, Inc., 31
(3), 159–166.
In their study, Davis and Jones (2012) review a range of studies examining effectiveness
of music therapy in ventilator-dependent patients to make music therapy a more regulated part of their treatments. According to Davis and Jones (2012), anxiety is a state of mind that causes feelings of stress and tension experienced by the patients. They claim that anxiety patients nowadays are treated with sedatives and analgesics medications that cause various deleterious effects, such as nausea and vomiting. Following the claim, Davis and Jones (2012) review the effects of music therapy for the ventilated ICU patients in order to reduce the use of anxiety medication (Davis and Jones, 2012, p. 159-160). All the seven studies expose patients to music of different types. During the studies, the patients’ physiological stress responses are measured in intervals of 5-30 after listening to music. By measuring their
blood pressure and heartbeat rates, specifically, four studies show significantly lower stress levels (Davis & Jones, 2012, p. 164). The results in most of these studies, therefore, prove that music therapy is beneficial and effective to reduce ventilated patients' anxiety. The study of Davis and Jones (2012) is important for two reasons. Firstly, it offers concrete evidence that demonstrates the effectiveness of music therapy as a treatment method
for reducing anxiety, which will be used to support the solution. Secondly, it refers to the group of audiences who have power to make this treatment happen, such as advanced care nurses, critical care nurses, and health care providers, so it helps to narrow down the resources that would need to implement the solution. 1.
In your words, what function does this source perform?
This source discusses a study conducted by Davis and Jones in 2012, which focuses on the effectiveness of music therapy in reducing anxiety in ventilator-dependent patients in the critical care setting. The study reviews several research papers that investigate the impact of music therapy on these patients, particularly aiming to reduce the use of anxiety medications. The text highlights the positive effects of music therapy on reducing stress levels in ventilated
patients. Additionally, it emphasizes the significance of the study in providing evidence for the use of music therapy to treat anxiety and its potential relevance to healthcare professionals, such as advanced care nurses, who could implement this approach as a part of patient care.
Penn State
Sample AB Analysis Worksheet ESL 15
2.
What grammatical tense does the author use?
The author uses both past and present tenses in the text. Past tense is prevalent when discussing specific events and research findings that have already occurred. For example, the author uses past tense in phrases like "Davis and Jones (2012) review" and "They claim that anxiety patients nowadays are treated" The use of the past tense indicates that the author is discussing events and research that have already occurred. While the present tense is used for statements of general truth or ongoing practices. For example, phrases like "anxiety is a state of mind," "patients nowadays are treated with sedatives," and "all the seven studies expose patients to music"
are in the present tense, as they pertain to established facts or current practices. This mixture of tenses serves different narrative purposes in the text.
3.
What kind of verb does the author use? Why do you think that the author use this kind of verbs? What kind of “rhetorical effects” are created by such verbs?
The author primarily uses a combination of verb forms, but the most common types of verbs used in this text are:
Action Verbs: These verbs describe actions or events in the past, such as "reviewed," "claim,"
"expose," "measured," and "proves." The author uses these to explain what Davis and Jones did in their study and the results they obtained.
Modal Verbs: Modal verbs like "will be used" and "would need to implement" indicate possibilities, intentions, or necessity. The author employs these to discuss potential future applications of the study's findings.
In terms of rhetorical effects, using action verbs can make the text more engaging and descriptive, helping the reader visualize the actions and findings of the study. Modal verbs create a sense of possibility and intention, suggesting that the research has practical applications and can be used to address real-world issues, such as reducing anxiety in ventilated patients. These verbs contribute to the overall persuasive tone of the text by implying that the study's findings are important and relevant for future healthcare practices.
Task 2
1.
Remember that each completed AB entry contains four important components: (1) Citation, (2) Summary, (3) Evaluation, and (4) Connection. The sentences below all belong to the Summary and the Evaluation components in another entry. However, the order of these sentences is a bit messed up. Can your team re-order these sentences? Travis, R. (2013). Rap music and the empowerment of today's youth: evidence in everyday
music listening, music therapy, and commercial rap music.
Child & Adolescent Social Work Journal, 30
(2), 139-167.
Penn State
Sample AB Analysis Worksheet ESL 15
Summary
A.
Travis (2013) starts by defining hip-hop music and giving a brief introduction of the hip-
hop music history as a genre (p. 140). B.
Most importantly, Travis (2013) shows a survey on the opinions of teenagers and young adults on music (p. 152). C.
While adults listen to music to feel nostalgic or solace, teenagers and young adults listen
to music to have a positive vibe and reduce their negative mood (p. 143). D.
Travis (2013) discusses the positive and negative effects of music on teens’ and young adults’ behavior in the U.S, showing therapists and parents the influence of music on their clients/children and encouraging them to use music as a treatment tool (p.140). E.
Travis (2013) concludes by raising therapists’ and parents’ awareness on recognizing music as an effective tool to reduce negative emotions. F.
According to Travis (2013), rap music gives teenagers and young adults a sense of empowerment (p.139). G.
Then, Travis (2013) discusses how music became very popular over the years. H.
Following the discussion, Travis (2013) notes that music could be related to teens’ emotions due to their daily exposure to it on a daily basis (p. 142). I.
As the survey results reveal, more than 50% participants report that rap music helps them through bad times and supports them to build new friendships (p.152). Order:
F. According to Travis (2013), rap music gives teenagers and young adults a sense of empowerment (p. 139).
A. Travis (2013) starts by defining hip-hop music and giving a brief introduction of the hip-
hop music history as a genre (p. 140).
D. Travis (2013) discusses the positive and negative effects of music on teens and young adults’ behavior in the U.S, showing therapists and parents the influence of music on their clients/children and encouraging them to use music as a treatment tool (p. 140).
H.
Following the discussion, Travis (2013) notes that music could be related to teens’ emotions due to their daily exposure to it on a daily basis (p. 142).
C. While adults listen to music to feel nostalgic or solace, teenagers and young adults listen to
music to have a positive vibe and reduce their negative mood (p. 143).
G. Then, Travis (2013) discusses how music became very popular over the years.
B. Most importantly, Travis (2013) shows a survey on the opinions of teenagers and young adults on music (p. 152).
I.As the survey results reveal, more than 50% participants report that rap music helps them through bad times and supports them to build new friendships (p.152).
E. Travis (2013) concludes by raising therapists’ and parents’ awareness on recognizing music as an effective tool to reduce negative emotions.
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Sample AB Analysis Worksheet ESL 15
Evaluation
A.
The survey results also provide direct evidence to strengthen my argument – why music can work to invigorate negative emotions. B.
For example, the case provided by Travis (2013) where most children walk around with headphones to change their moods can function as supportive evidence for why music is beneficial. C.
Although Travis (2013) is not directly connected to music therapy, it is helpful because it provides concrete evidence to illustrate why using music in therapy works. Order: C.
Although Travis (2013) is not directly connected to music therapy, it is helpful because it provides concrete evidence to illustrate why using music in therapy works. B.
For example, the case provided by Travis (2013) where most children walk around with headphones to change their moods can function as supportive evidence for why music is beneficial. A.
The survey results also provide direct evidence to strengthen my argument – why music can work to invigorate negative emotions
2.
Why did you make the above orders in the above particular way? In other words, based on what did you re-order the sentences?
I reordered sequence of sentences based on the logical flow of information within the text, maintaining a coherent structure for the Summary and Evaluation components of the entry.
The order maintains a logical progression from the introduction of the topic to the presentation of research findings and to finally the conclusion offering a clear summary of Travis (2013)'s work.
3.
Finally, write down two lessons that you think are the most important for you to write your own AB entries. Be very specific. Two lessons that I think will be the most important for my own AB entries would be citing the sources and maintaining the correct flow of my AB with all the information presented in a
progression. Download the Sample AB from files and complete the following tasks.
Task 3
Summary
1.
Comment on the clarity and comprehensiveness on all the Summary portions in all the
Penn State
Sample AB Analysis Worksheet ESL 15
sources. Be specific and cite examples from the Sample AB to support your comment. The summary portions in the provided Sample Annotated Bibliography (AB) are generally clear and comprehensive. Each summary effectively introduces the problem or solution discussed in the respective source and highlights key details.
For example, the summary of Entry 2 provides a clear overview of the problem of depression among young adults, including its causes, consequences, and societal implications.
In Entry 4, the solution of using music therapy to reduce anxiety is presented comprehensively, with an overview of the study, its methodology, and key findings.
The continuation of Entry 4 introduces Travis's work on the positive effects of music, particularly rap music, on teenagers and young adults, connecting it to the context of music therapy.
Overall, these summaries effectively convey the main ideas and findings of each source, facilitating a clear understanding of the problem or solution they address.
2.
Which source(s) are summarized in a more detailed, step-by-step way? Which are summarized in a more or less “selective” way?
In the Sample Annotated Bibliography, the entries related to music therapy and youth empowerment (Entry 4 and its continuation) are summarized in a more detailed, step-by-step manner. They provide comprehensive insights into the sources, their methods, and findings.
In contrast, the entry related to depression among young adults (Entry 2) and the music intervention for psychiatric patients (Entry 4 - Continued) offer more selective summaries, focusing on the broader aspects of the sources rather than diving deep into the details.
3.
Why do you think is the purpose of the author summarizing some sources in a more selective way?
The level of selectivity in summarizing sources depends on the specific research goals, audience, and contextual constraints, guiding the author in determining how much detail to include for each source so I think the author has discussed entry 4 in a comparatively more detailed manner due to factors like relevance, complexity etc. Task 4
Evaluation
In your own words, what’s the purpose of each entry? What function does each entry perform?
Entry 1 - Moreh and O'lawrence (2016): Introduces the problem of depression among young adults, with a focus on gender as a risk factor with the purpose of spreading awareness about
Penn State
Sample AB Analysis Worksheet ESL 15
depression and its affect on young adults. Entry 2 - Davis and Jones (2012): Discusses the effectiveness of music therapy in reducing anxiety among ventilator-dependent patients, supported by physiological evidence with the purpose of presenting an effective way of reducing anxiety. Entry 3 - Travis (2013): Explores the influence of music, especially rap, on the behavior of young people, with the purpose of highlighting the importance of music and its empowering effects.
Entry 4 - Yang et al. (2016): Investigates the impact of a researcher-designated music intervention on psychiatric patients with varying anxiety levels, emphasizing its positive outcomes with the purpose of showcasing a new aspect of how music interventions can treat patients. Task 5
Connection
1.
In your own words, how does source X connects to source Y? In my opinion source X (Travis, 2013) and source Y (Davis and Jones, 2012) both revolve around music therapy. Travis (2013) highlights the positive impact of music, especially rap, on young adults' emotions and behavior. In contrast, Davis and Jones (2012) offers scientific evidence of music therapy's effectiveness in reducing anxiety, particularly in ventilator-
dependent patients. They collectively emphasize the potential of music to help people cope with challenges, with Travis focusing on emotional well-being and Davis and Jones providing
scientific support for anxiety reduction.
2.
Are the connections made clearly? Why or why not?
Yes, I do believe the connections between sources are fairly clear in the annotated bibliography. Each entry summarizes the source's content and connects them clearly as I have
mentioned above. For example, Source X (Travis, 2013) and Source Y (Davis and Jones, 2012) both focus on music therapy and its impact on individuals and show a connection with each other. However, I think that more explicit statements on how these sources complement each other could enhance clarity of the AB. Task 6
1.
How does the author order the entries? (Hint: The answer is in the Module 3-Part 1 Task Overview Page)
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Sample AB Analysis Worksheet ESL 15
Order of entries goes like: -
1.
APA reference citation of the source;
2.
Summary of the source;
3.
Evaluation of the source/Description of the source's function; Connection to other sources
2.
Each student is required to include at least 8 sources for their AB final draft. However, the
Sample AB only includes 4 sources. Can you guess what the other 3 sources may be about? What functions do they possibly perform? The other three sources could be about the following: -
Source 5 Music Therapy Techniques: This source would discuss the methods and techniques used in music therapy, providing some practical usage of it. Source 6 Patient Case Studies: This source could present specific cases demonstrating the practical benefits of music therapy by presenting the results after examining the existing patients. Source 7 Music Therapy and Stress Reduction: This source could give insights on how music therapy is employed to reduce stress amongst students, adults, and healthcare settings.