KiHaWk8FINAL

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Running head: HSE-480 FINAL PROJECT 1 HSE-480 Final Project Kimberly Harper Southern New Hampshire University Kellie Barton

HSE-480 FINAL PROJECT 2 Table of Contents Abstract OR Executive Summary ................................................................................................................ 3 Introduction ................................................................................................................................................. 4 Overview of Community and Problem ........................................................................................................ 4 Methodology ............................................................................................................................................... 4 Literature Review ........................................................................................................................................ 5 Needs Analysis ............................................................................................................................................ 6 Human Services Program Proposal ............................................................................................................. 7 Statement of Need ....................................................................................................................................... 7 Program Proposal Description ..................................................................................................................... 7 Goals and Objectives ................................................................................................................................... 7 Intervention ................................................................................................................................................. 7 Staffing/Administration/Resources Needed ................................................................................................. 8 Program Evaluation Plan ............................................................................................................................. 8 Program Implementation and Stakeholder Communication ........................................................................ 8 References ................................................................................................................................................... 9 Appendix A Logic Model .......................................................................................................................... 10 Appendix B Implementation Plan .............................................................................................................. 11 Reflection .................................................................................................................................................. 13

HSE-480 FINAL PROJECT 3 Abstract OR Executive Summary This Capstone is dealing with a problem in the United States that is ever growing homelessness. Focusing on my own hometown of Nashville, TN. The cost of living in Nashville is going up while pay is not going up. Home prices are going up and those who move in from out of state can afford more so the market will except that. We are going to explore the homelessness problem in Nashville and how to help improve the issue. Then the second aspect of the capstone we are looking at those who are homeless and are suffering from addiction and how we can help them with both aspects of their lives. There are programs to help those who have addiction however they are not always very fair and geared to helping those who are homeless or under or non insured.This is a proposal to help those who are suffering from both and ways to help them get out of the vicious cycle it becomes.

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HSE-480 FINAL PROJECT 4 HSE-480 Final Project Introduction Over the last several years, there has been an increase in homelessness and addiction. Since homeless people do not have the same resources as the regular population, they are more at risk for overdose and staying addicted since they do not have access to healthcare. Nashville, TN saw on any given night in 2020, there were over 2000 people who were sleeping on the streets. However, it is even sadder that in the United States, there are around 550,000 people who experience homelessness (Nashville,2022). Overview of Community and Problem Community Nashville is the capital of Tennessee; it sits right in the middle of the state. The population is 703,953. Nashville comprises a wide range of ethnic groups: whites 65%, black 27.4%, Hispanic 10.4%, and Asians. Regarding the education level in Nashville, around 89% have a high school diploma, and only 43% have at least a bachelor's degree. The average household income is 83,348; however, the poverty rate is 15%. One thing that also needs to be noted is that in Nashville when it comes to languages spoken, 82% speak English, 17.8% speak other languages, and then 9% speak Spanish (Nashville Population, 2022). When it comes to the religions observed in people's homes, we have only around 59% that say they are religious; then look at the breakdown, the only central beliefs that are seen are Baptist at 20%, Catholic at 6.2%, Methodist 5.6% and then Presbyterian 3.4%. (N.W., 2022). After that, it is just some more minor religions. Then, looking at owning a home, the average price now falls to around 461,620 (Santarelli,2022).

HSE-480 FINAL PROJECT 5 However, most jobs do not pay enough for a single-family income to afford homes in that price range, especially if they are single moms or dads. The houses are sometimes selling at least 48% above the asking price. (Santarelli, 2022). Problem Homelessness is a big problem in Nashville; a couple of things can lead to homelessness: job loss, substance abuse, illness, domestic violence, and even low wages from jobs. Nashville saw around 2000 homeless in 2020; however, they did not do a new count in 2021 because of covid. There are times when people are missed in the count, depending on where they are sleeping. There needs to be an affordable treatment for those suffering from addiction and homelessness; if they are worried about where they will sleep, how can they focus on healing and getting better. This hurts people since home prices are increasing, yet jobs are not paying to keep up with the rising cost of living. In Nashville, to make a living wage with one person and one child, you need to make $30.74, and poverty is $8.28 (LivingWage,2022). Most jobs do not pay $30.74 even with a degree; now, the minimum wage in Nashville is only 7.25. Formal and Informal Resources Nashville has several different agencies that help those with addiction. There is Nashville Addiction Center; however, they take insurance and do self-pay rates; sadly, they offer a "New Beginnings" program that charges 200 dollars upfront. It says you can get free medication for a year. (Services, 2021). If people do not have a job, they will not be able to pay 200 dollars upfront. There is the Nashville Rescue mission that will house people; they house and feed people every night and provide room for 600 people; however, they do not let just anyone stay. Vanderbilt University has a Bridge clinic that will help those who have been in the hospital suffering

HSE-480 FINAL PROJECT 6 from addiction, and most are usually homeless. They will meet with a social worker, psychiatrist, or rehab specialist and have a group to meet with others suffering from the same addiction issues. However, it is only a selection that can get into the program. The rescue mission will help those with addiction; however, they do not have anywhere for people to detox. When it comes to information resources for those homeless, most do not have family or friends they can count on. Sometimes they have burned bridges, so it would be hard to have informal resources. There are always A.A. meetings and things offered. Sadly the legislators here are working to criminalize homelessness and sleeping on the streets. They need to see how this will not make homelessness less this will cause more problems for the homeless if they have an arrest record. If they have an arrest record, it might make it impossible to find work after being released. Community Social, Political, Historical Trends In Nashville, there is an increase in rent prices and housing costs. As mentioned before, homes are going for really high dollar amounts. The average cost of rent for a one-bedroom apartment is around $1694, and hat is living just outside Nashville. If people want to live in Nashville proper, and the rent can run up upwards of $2200 for a one-bedroom (Hernon). A park located in south Nashville last year became overrun by homeless people. The park was at a school, and there was a water fountain they used as a shower; they broke the water fountain. And then, needles were found everywhere (Ferrier, 2022). So that makes the community hate homeless people when it is not their fault; they are lost. Then it shows a drug problem in some of the homeless population. Thanks to some Tennessee lawmakers, they have decided that it will be a crime to sleep on public property. HB978 says, " The bill also makes it a felony to camp on all public property, unless otherwise specified. Current law makes it a felony to camp on all state property" (Adam,

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HSE-480 FINAL PROJECT 7 2022). They feel this will help cure homelessness. Which does not seem like the case at all. How can you punish someone who does not make enough money and is forced to sleep on the streets? Historically Nashville has seen an increase in people moving here every year; it increases more and more; according to Shultz and an article from the Tennessean, 109 people a day would move to Nashville this year. The home prices in Nashville over the last five years have increased nearly 81%. Making it hard for people to afford to buy and even rent. Then when it comes to addiction, there has been an increase of 15% in September of 2021(Young, 2022). Human Service professionals will need to work harder to help those who need help. Their scope will be ever-changing; they will need to help find more resources for the client. If they want to be sure they stay clean, they need to help get them into programs. Then work on assisting them in finding work. Then if the law passes, they will need to help them find places where their clients can work after getting out of jail. A Homeless Impact Division also does some work helping the homeless. They are working on a website with information for those facing homelessness that says 2021-2022 is coming soon. Yet as of May 2022, it has not been updated Key Stakeholders A park located in south Nashville last year became overrun by homeless people. The park was at a school; there was a water fountain they used as a shower; they broke the water fountain. And then, many needles were found everywhere (Ferrier, 2022). This destroyed the park for the kids, so the neighborhood was not happy. So that makes the community hate homeless people when it is not their fault; they are lost most of the time. Then mentioned earlier, a bill is headed to the governor's desk to be signed to make it a crime to be homeless and live and sleep on the street. Some areas in Nashville are overrun with homeless camps, which makes litter, and people do not want that in their areas. Then the chance of the homeless being arrested for sleeping on the streets will cause more work

HSE-480 FINAL PROJECT 8 for judges and jails. Mayor Cooper of Nashville is working to implement a housing plan for the homeless. He wants to use 50 million in funds from The Human Rescue plan is a three-tiered approach (Whittington, 2022). However, his plan seems super vague, so it will take more research to see what this entails as it is a very new plan that mentions innovating, investing, and increasing staff. Reaching out to locations that will help grow the program will be essential. It will be crucial to reach out to the rescue mission since they are already assisting homeless people and can help get the information on how they can be further supported. Then why not reach out to the community to help and do fundraisers or community outreach programs to help raise money and get the word out. Then one of the most influential people reached out to the local senate and house since they wanted to criminalize it. They need to see what there a better way is to do this. That made it a crime to be homeless, and sleeping on the streets will, in the long run, cause more harm than good. Methodology A brief systematic literature review was completed for this Capstone project. This method of research was selected due to the constraints of an 8-week term and the need to utilize existing data for this project. First, a search of Internet websites that end in .org, .edu, and .gov using words like homeless, addiction, Nashville, Tennessee, opioids, and Rescue Mission. Then a couple of news site articles since will help prove some of the issues in Nashville with the homeless being charged with crimes being homeless. Second, a search Shapiro Library Database. Then also using publications which include but are not limited to the Tennessean, Journal of Addiction Medicine, Open Table Nashville, Nashville.gov, American Journal of Public Health, National

HSE-480 FINAL PROJECT 9 Library of Medicine, SAMHSA, and American Addiction Centers. The search was conducted using search terms prevalence of cost of living, homeless trends, reasons for homeless, substance abuse, cost of substance abuse, cost of homelessness, and others as they come up. Third, the rules for inclusion and exclusion were applied. The research was included in the literature review if published between 2004 and 2022 and had a URL that ended in .gov, .edu, or .org. However, a couple of news articles helped touch on how they are making homelessness a crime in Nashville, TN going forward, which was used to help close the gaps on some of the topics. Fourth, once all articles and reports were collected, the key facts and statements relating to the research question were highlighted in each article and organized under the following categories: prevalence of the national issue, state issue, and local issue, and what they are doing to try to help and or end homelessness along ways to support substance use. Then the evaluation of information collected regarding the availability and accessibility of addiction programs to help detox and stop using homeless resources in Nashville. They were even looking to break it down from gender, age, and race. The findings from this analysis have been utilized to develop a human services program proposal to address the community's needs. Literature Review The state of Tennessee sees 10,532 people who are homeless in 2022 (National, 2022). The state ranks 19 th in the number of homeless people. To give a critical look at overall in the United States, according to HUD (Human and Urban Development), in 2020,

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HSE-480 FINAL PROJECT 10 the U.S. saw over 580,446 who were experiencing homelessness (Challenge, 2020). Some feel this number would be higher since they were surveying Covid. Over the last 12 years, Nashville has seen a flux of homeless the numbers have stayed consistent 2020-2016 2019-1,986 2018-2,298 2017-2,337 2016-2,365 2015-2,145 2014-2,301 2013-2,335 2012-2,224 2011-2,245(Nashville, 2020). Sadly, the homelessness in Nashville has not improved; it is staying consistent. They also say that the numbers in 2020 and 2021 might be off due to Covid. Prevalence of the Issue The issue is prevalent in Nashville as we see over 1900 in Nashville experiencing homelessness at any given time. In 1900, there were over 600 living on the streets in places that were not fit for people to live (Nashville, 2022)—looking at the bigger

HSE-480 FINAL PROJECT 11 picture in 2020, out of those who have suffered homelessness in Tennessee, the state. They saw that 508 of the total were families, 570 were Veterans, 353 were unaccompanied children, and 1153 were chronically homeless (Homeless, 2019). Then out of those lost, 73% are men, and 45% are black (Mazza, 2020). Looking at the homeless problem in the United States, there are over 552,830 homeless people the breakdown in the United States. 39.8% are African American, 2.8% are Native American, and 13% are Hispanic. Then looking at actual numbers in 2021, which is easier for some to understand over percentages: white 280,612 blacks 228,796 Hispanic 130,348 Multiracial 35,680 Native American 18,936 Pacific Islander 8,794 Asian 7,638 (State of homelessness). Looking at the numbers like that is much more staggering than a percent. This puts it into perspective. Then in the United States, there are 61% that are males (Advalli,2022). When it comes to overdose deaths in Tennessee, there were over 3000 deaths (Gemma, 2020). National Social, Political, Historical Trends

HSE-480 FINAL PROJECT 12 According to research, homelessness was never really a problem until colonization. The colonization brought about the class system and race system. The 1930s was when we started to see mass homelessness. The New Deal saw to help those who were homeless. However, they excluded Blacks from this, which is " discriminatory practices paved the way for African Americans' overrepresentation in homeless populations today" Beardsley, 2021). Which has been obvious looking at the statistics presented. Politically, when it comes to the issue 'of" homelessness, 73% of mayors feel that they are responsible for the problem in their cities (Goldberg, 2022). Then you have many who say they do not have the power to do much to help. Then many mayors also say "limited social services and a lack of coordination between different government and social services agencies as major challenges to overcome" (Goldberg, 2022). There will always be political issues since it seems that politics cannot seem to find a way to make it work. Social it comes down to people not wanting to see homelessness: they usually want to ignore the problem. Mayors have also said that they only have a small number of people who can work in the social services field to help those homeless get the help they need. Cultural Considerations In Nashville, most only have a high school diploma so in working with them need to make sure that we are writing and talking in a way that they know and not use terminology they do not understand. Sadly, 1-5 children are also living in poverty(W community, 2020). This is an astonishing statistic. This would have to be considered since some of those children might not have parents or anyone who can care for them and be alone on the streets. The biggest things would be ensuring that understanding,

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HSE-480 FINAL PROJECT 13 empathy, and honesty are used. Then when it comes to children, there is the need to build trust, especially if the children have been through a lot in their lives. When you have homeless kids and probably not going to school, when communicating with them, you need to work hard so that they understand what will be done to help. The easiest thing would be sure that the pamphlets or any paperwork we hand out are written so anyone can understand it and use simple wording to avoid confusion. One thing that might be useful to help the kids get to the program is if they are homeless, work with the local public transportation and look at obtaining bus passes for them if they are coming to the program. Vanderbilt Bridge Clinic can give uninsured patients bus passes to and from the clinic. This would be a good option for homeless people and facing poverty. Anyone working with the public and a range of cultures will need competency and cultural sensitivity training. It would be suitable for everyone to be fully aware that sometimes things can be said without thinking, which can be harmful or unkind. Legal Issues Nashville has mentioned trying to make it illegal to sleep on public property. So, there is that. When helping those who have addiction issues and are homeless, we still need to be sure that we mind HIPAA, especially when we get them in with doctors. HIPAA is a federal law that requires standards to be created to protect patients' personal health care information from being disclosed without their written permission (CDC, 2019). If the client's information was to be released or something did need to be released. Then the program would have the appropriate forms to be signed and ensure that it was scanned in their chart or kept in a locked room, and only one or two people had a key to the room where files are kept. We would not need to know anything going on for them regarding their healthcare; however, we would make sure that we had proper forms just in case people

HSE-480 FINAL PROJECT 14 are working with them who just want to help secure homes and get them clean from drugs. When working as a Human Service agent, that is the slippery slope when it comes to whether they admit or claim they plan to harm themselves or anyone; that must be reported if one feels it is a credible threat. Then it comes to children, and they are allowed the same rights as grown adults. They deserve to have anything done in their best interest regarding FERPA for the kids that would not come into play for them. It could be released even if they happened to be in a court setting or something like that. Ethical Issue When working as a Human Service agent with clients to help them with homelessness and trying to help them get clean from drugs, almost all the ethical standards are essential. In the case of homelessness, Standard 1, when we build on the client's strengths, this is most important in helping them see that they are stronger than they believe and can do it. Then as mentioned, Standard 3 is essential if we know they plan to harm themselves or someone else. This is a time when HIPAA might have to be voided. Standard 7 will be critical to pay attention to (Scott). There needs to be no bias toward those that are being helped. There requires understanding that they cannot allow that they are homeless, and then the addiction possibly could be caused by them being homeless and the stress of that. To ensure that we are always following the rules and standards by NOHS, we make sure we know the current benchmarks and when they are changed. Training in this is going to be very important as well, and even have a handbook so those who work with the program will know what is expected and cannot say that they did not know. Other Community's Solutions

HSE-480 FINAL PROJECT 15 A handful of cities are looking at research that has decreased homelessness in several ways, including Salt Lake City, Aurora, Austin, and Los Angeles. These cities are seeing homelessness drop from using a tiny home trend and only charging 400 dollars a month. Aurora is planning to start using money from the legal sale of marijuana; they will use 200,000 to help find housing for homeless people. Then the agency will have vans that go around to offer medical care. They will reevaluate after a year to ensure that things are going well and that money is being used correctly before proceeding further. Los Angeles plans to build homeless shelters with cash that they have set aside. There will need to be check-in every year to see if these are working. Nashville, the city, has the mission which gives them a free place to stay and food. Many businesses have V.A. services to help homeless Veterans. Then the Salvation Army offers benefits as well. Well, many things do work for a short period. The mission only allows a certain number of people, and people will rush to get there, so they are sure they get in. So, there can be fights. The mission in 2021 provided 222,846 nights of shelter, 406,975 meals, and 131 families (Nashville Rescue, 2021). Room in the Inn has been around for 35 years; it is a weekend option in winter. In 2020 Room in the Inn served 200 congregations; they used 7000 volunteers (Hance, 2020). During the winter months, from November-March, local churches house the homeless on weekends with a total number of 1500 men and women. They are fed dinner, let to shower, wash clothing, breakfast, and given lunch the next day. What doesn't work is that Nashville is planning to criminalize homelessness and sleeping on the streets. How can they criminalize something they do not fault themselves, with the housing market being so high and pay being so low they do not equal? Culturally people need to be aware that many are homeless and of different races. Not everyone will be from the same culture, religion, or background. Those working with diverse cultures

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HSE-480 FINAL PROJECT 16 need to be aware of cultural needs and be mindful of any possible bias that someone might have who is working with that group. If there is, there needs to be retraining. Communication Strategies The way to "sell" the program to stakeholders would be to let them know what big problem homelessness is in Nashville and nationwide. There needs to be a more humane way to handle those suffering from homelessness. In this case, social media probably would not work. Since, again they are homeless and might not have access to the internet or social media. There will need to be better ways to reach out to them. However, more and more can get access to computers at the library. After researching, there is research that dealt with 86 people, 56% could access the internet once a day, then 86% once a week (VonHoltz, 2018). It could be an excellent way to attempt to reach the homeless population about the program. Then we can make cards and pamphlets to leave at homeless shelters and places like Room in the Inn. Then even take it to the street, go to the homeless camps, and pass out flyers to reach as many of those who need help as possible. Needs Analysis Homelessness is a massive problem in the United States that demographic. More compassion and help there. There also needs to be a national way to help those suffering from homelessness. Yet start with Nashville first. There should be a way to ensure that people get a livable wage and housing market. If there are cities that have found a way to make tiny houses work, could it work for more towns? We need to do better for our Veterans. There is no reason that anyone should be suffering from homelessness, much less our Veterans. The homeless population statewide is astronomical, there is no need for us as one of the best nations

HSE-480 FINAL PROJECT 17 in the world, and we have half a million homeless people. Then we have children who are suffering from homelessness. These children need to be able to have homes, especially while they are in school; they should be worrying about making good grades and not where they are going to sleep at night and how they are going to get to school and then do their schoolwork. Homelessness seems to still be a constant battle in Nashville. The homeless numbers are going down but only by a small amount. There must be better ways to reach those who are lost and get them the help they need, especially since they might not have access to the internet or social media. To get the program going and help, we will need people from a higher power and work with the city's mayors since many of them don't have people on the social side to help folks find their needs. There need to be people who can step up and help in that area and work with those offices since it is apparent that? They need help in that area too. Human Services Program Proposal Statement of Need Over the last several years, there has been an increase in homelessness and addiction. Since homeless people do not have the same resources as the regular population, they are more at risk for overdose and staying addicted since they do not have access to healthcare. Nashville, TN saw on any given night in 2020, there were over 2000 people who were sleeping on the streets. However, it is even sadder that in the United States, there are around 550,000 people who experience homelessness (Nashville,2022). So working on finding cheaper ways to help with housing. The housing and renting markets are out of the normal. Then the problem of Nashville making it a crime to sleep on the streets will create more issues for the homeless.

HSE-480 FINAL PROJECT 18 There are already several programs that help with the homelessness in Nashville; they have the mission, and in winter, they have Room in the Inn that will house them for the weekend. However, there are not many programs that will help with the addiction aspect of it. There are a lot of programs that charge people, or they must have insurance. So, this is hard if they are homeless since most do not have work, so they have no insurance. They saw that 508 of the totals were families, 570 were Veterans, 353 were unaccompanied children, and 1153 were chronically homeless (Homeless, 2019). Program Proposal Description The program that seems to work well for those who have addiction issues and some who are homeless is the Vanderbilt Bridge Clinic. They help clients with bus passes to get to their appointments. The clients see social workers, recovery coaches, doctors, and psychiatrists. However, this is only for those in the hospital who have addiction problems and need follow-up care. So, this only works with those already in the hospital for their addiction; however, some are homeless. However, it has had success with the program. So, taking this program and expanding it to homeless people who cannot get help. They can see a doctor or psychiatrist and even give them drug screening to be sure they are staying clean. Those who do not have access to having to be in the hospital. This is a great way to get help for them. Let's expand the plan. The second idea is that wonderful how Salt Lake City builds tiny homes for the homeless. They are working on building a community that will house 400 people. The homes will have a bedroom, bathroom, and kitchen. Nashville has plenty of areas where they could do this. They are using a non-profit. Surely there can be people in Nashville willing to help since we have so many tall and

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HSE-480 FINAL PROJECT 19 skinnies. They are constantly throwing up apartments and hotels that are an arm and a leg. Hoping it will not be that hard to find someone to help. Goals and Objectives Appendix A will show the purposes that we have set for the department. There will be quantifiable objectives for how long the department sees and wants to achieve those goals. Then, how data will be collected and what data will need to be ordered to help clients. Intervention The intervention aspect is below. The intervention looks at how the department plans to get there. Working with the homeless requires more than one step to help get there. Staffing/Administration/Resources Needed To help implement this, staff and resources will be required. Beyond just helping the homeless, we want to help get them off drugs. The first start, we need someone to get out on the streets and be able to talk to those who are homeless and find out their needs. We need more than one person doing this. It would be good to have a handful of people. Once they come in, we will have them see a nurse and fill out paperwork. Then we will need someone who can do the data entry of client information. We will have a recovery coach/es who can talk to them since they have been through something similar in their lives. Then have the client speak with a doctor/psychiatrist about problems or issues they are going through. For those who cannot afford transportation, we will talk with the MTA (bus depot)and see how we can get bus passes to help clients get to and from the appointment.

HSE-480 FINAL PROJECT 20 Program Evaluation Plan The primary item we will need to manage is local demographic information. We will have someone's clients fill out paperwork, and then someone will input the data. We will keep charts for the clients; the charts will be held in a separate room that is locked so not everyone can have access. Then work on seeing if the program is working. There is a tool that can be used is a Program Satisfaction tool. It would allow the clients to rate on a scale of 1-5 (Program Satisfaction, 2011). Then have it so they can comment on the bottom of the paper so they can let us know what they like, do not like, and maybe some changes they would like to see be made. Program Implementation and Stakeholder Communication Trying to figure out the best way to reach the homeless, there needs to be considered that they are homeless. They might not have as much access to television to see commercials and media like that. Then direct mailings will not work since they no longer have access to their home address. One of the easiest ways to reach people would be Facebook since most people do have access to Facebook. According to Impact, "66 % of social media users log on to learn about new products and services, plus they also say that advertising on Facebook only costs 7.29 per thousand impressions" (Parmelee, 2022). Then even putting flyers up around the city, in coffee shops, in libraries, and even in homeless shelters would also help get the word out to the homeless population. The flyer would explain the agency and what we want to do to help them. How we are hoping to help those who are homeless. Then also helps them be

HSE-480 FINAL PROJECT 21 able to get off drugs. The services we offer are that they will see a doctor, be able to get bus passes to get to and from the visits, and will be able to talk to a recovery coach who has been through what they have. Then we will work on helping them get a job and hopefully work on helping to end their homelessness. The key stakeholders would be the mayor; we need to show him that criminalizing homeless people will make it harder on the city since it will take up jail. Then since he wants to make it a felony, it will cause the homeless to be unable to obtain work with a criminal record. Then they will still be on the streets, causing a never-ending cycle. The way that the bill stands now , it will be a class C misdemeanor which will give them 30 days in jail. However, with this, they can become a felony after a while , especially if they keep having several misdemeanors. (Pirius, 2022). Then even see about reaching out to police and find some local police who could help us show the mayor what a bad idea it is or before they arrest them, send them to us so we can help the homeless before they are even taken to jail. Then we will contact the local homeless shelter to help us get some of our clients off the street and see if they are willing to hold a few extra spots always open so we can have a place to give them for the time being. I want to use flyers and Facebook adds. The flyers we can be in libraries and coffee shops. We should be able to reach people quickly.

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HSE-480 FINAL PROJECT 22 Appendix A Logic Model GOALS OBJECTIVES INTERVENTION DATA COLLECTION RESOURCE NEED Decrease the number of homeless in Nashville Over the next three years, decrease the homeless population or have them housed by 75% Get out and talk to all the homeless. Find out what their needs are. Help them find employment opportunities. If they are working and cannot afford a house, help them find in-between places. Get out and talk with the mayor's office about holding off on charging the homeless with criminal offenses for sleeping on the streets and show them it is not worth it. Get in touch with the other resources in the community who can also help in between. Work with talking with local hotels and see if they can provide temporary cheap housing. When talking with the homeless collect work experience, demographics (age, gender, race, ethnicity) length of homelessness. What they need to secure housing, job/money/both Nurse Data Entry worker Doctor Recovery Coach Halfway house Team to get homeless information. Mayor Mission Busing Depot Get those that are homeless and suffering from addiction help Over the next three years, 75% of those with addiction will be in treatment. Help get them into our program. Be sure they get bus passes to get to the program. Help them secure support outside our clinic. Be sure they get safe housing, whether halfway house or recovery housing Intake Form. Age/Gender/Race/Ethnicity Drug screening Have them fill out a usage form

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HSE-480 FINAL PROJECT 23 Appendix B Implementation Plan Tasks and activities Plans for Completing Tasks and Activities (i.e., the steps my organization needs to take) Staff responsible for tasks and activities Timeline for completion of tasks and activities Obtain funds to support program implementation. The way to obtain funds would be to have fundraisers to start and see about filling out to get grant funding from the state. The director One year Recruit and hire an Implementation Coordinator responsible for overseeing, managing, and "championing"" "the program. Have the implementation coordinator ensure we have all the forms we need. Have her/him get out there, talk to the media, and tell them what we are doing to help the community. The Implementation Coordinator Right away and continue meeting with media for six months Assess available resources and probable costs. Develop a proposed budget. Have someone who is good with numbers and can be our money manager. Look at our goals, estimate income, identify expenses, and then look at our budget. Have an accountant on staff A year to work on getting it set up and ongoing for the duration Train all agency staff and project staff. Have someone to train us in the computer programing. Then on the NOHS. Then work with us on how to handle and be compassionate with the homeless demographic This could be done in- house with a nurse or one of the social workers Three months from the date of hire. Complete a communication plan to enlist support and involvement from key stakeholders interested in the outcomes of this program. Work on a flyer and a Facebook campaign to have the mayor and governor help work with the homeless instead of criminalizing them. So they will also be more willing to get help for their addictions. Mayor Cooper and Governor Lee RIGHT AWAY

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HSE-480 FINAL PROJECT 24 Finalize the Program Evaluation plan. As a group, we will come up with questions we feel are essential to improve our program. The team Three months Provide culturally sensitive, evidence-based ongoing services. Be sure we know how we can be culturally sensitive; this will require some more training. We need to realize that not everyone is going to have the same cultural beliefs as us or those in the program The team and training Three months and redo every year Implement the evaluation plan. We will have them do questionnaires answering what we are doing right Social Worker will give it to the clients after meeting with them We will have them fill it out every three months. Periodically report evaluation plan findings. The office (front desk) will always look at the evaluations we receive from the clients. Document the answers on the computer and then plan to meet with the director to let him/her know about the findings. Director and Front desk staff Every three months, meet to go over the findings.

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Running head: HSE-480 FINAL PROJECT 25 Reflection When it came to the capstone, it was important to me to do something I was passionate about for my final project as well as trying to work on. Topic that would pertain to my degree even though I know that was not an essential for the capstone; however, for me it just made the most sense. I wanted to make sure I was keeping my goals in career and in school in the front of my mind while working on this final piece. This has been my life these last three years. This is the culmination of so much hard work, stressful assignments, sleepless nights, and anxiety waiting for this moment. I cannot believe it is finally here. When I first decided to begin this journey, it started with a simple phone call and a returned call from my advisor, Kristen, who saw me through this entire process until she left for the birth of her baby. She was tremendous support and inspiration in getting me going. She was always a cheerleader for me and continuously checked in to see if I needed anything or assistance: she was just a phone call away. That started the process, and I jumped feet first into this journey. Has it been easy? No, the world shut down for a lot of us when Covid hit; I had some health issues, and then I had to have a hysterectomy. I was scared that I would not be able to do it. That I would not be successful. Some classes made me work hard, and I wanted to quit. After a couple of those classes, I wanted to cry for sure. After taking Statistic and Humanities II, I was not convinced that I could really accomplish my dreams. These classes made me think and get outside my comfort zone, and sometimes I did want to give up; however, I have made it this far with the support of teachers, advisors, family, and my best friend. They have helped keep me to keep motivated and to work hard. The time spent at Southern New Hampshire working on my degree in Human Services

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HSE-480 FINAL PROJECT 26 has been challenging overall and extremely fun. I learned so mu h about myself. I knew that even at 43, anything is possible when you put your mind to something. I always felt that I was too old to do this and having a son and working would be impossible. I learned that I had to manage my time wisely, giving work, school, and my son equal attention. I am also pleased to show my son that it is never too late to accomplish dreams. I am offering my parents that when I put my mind do something, I can succeed and finish it. I hope I showed my son that anyone can do anything if sets her mind to and never gives up. I see myself going forward with my degree and using it to better my life and help people better their own lives and with healthy ways to do so. Using my degree in Human Services, I want to move up and on with my life with confidence and knowledge that I did not have before I started at SNHU. I want to use my skills and new knowledge to a more significant advantage for myself and those who I meet in my recent jobs moving forward achieving more in my career to do something even more meaningful. I want to wait about six months and then move on to my master’s degree and get my master’s in social work or counseling. After completing my bachelor’s degree, I know I can accomplish anything; the sky is the limit. There is no need to be scared about anything coming my way I have the strength and know how to do things I never thought I would or could. Also, school has helped me see things from many different viewpoints and how to interact with those of differing viewpoints without getting mad and allowing the ability to provide evidence to prove my points. Then the fact that I can look at a given task from any angle and see it a new way or find a new way to find a solution to the problems faced. The Capstone project itself has been a rough one for sure. The stress of ensuring I do the task correctly and include knowledge I have learned in my time at Southern New Hampshire is crucial to me. The Capstone is not just about the Capstone; we needed to pull everything

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HSE-480 FINAL PROJECT 27 together, and there was and is a so much knowledge that has been gathered in these three-plus years. All knowledge picked up from other classes has been used to help culminate into this project. The other courses helped me look at this final Capstone in different ways to support research in other areas to help give a more well-rounded paper. I am not just seeing the final as black and white. So much work and effort have been put into this final Capstone. I want to think about ways to try and help get it implemented in my city. They have similar things; however, there must be a better way to make it work for all. I have put so much work, effort, and tears into this; why not take it a step further and work hard to make it a reality. It sounds good in a paper to say what we want to change. However, this has become something I have become passionate about since doing this project, so that is something I like to think about doing as I move forward after school or at least try to implement some things that will be able to help the homeless and those who have addiction issues as well as suffer from homelessness? Then looking at the Capstone itself has shown me that I am strong, then I realize and smarter too when it comes to finding the research and making connections to things in society and with what I have learned in my time at SNHU. I have finally realized I am strong and can do anything I sat my mind to. I am not a quitter. I am very proud of this huge accomplishment. It is never too late for a fresh start and you are never too old. I have been discussing my Capstone with people, what I hope to do with the project, and how I want to implement it. One of the doctors I work with was impressed with what I want to do and the points made within the Capstone project. He even wants to read what I have come up with. This made me happy. Since he is one of the reasons, I tried to hone my capstone the way I did. He helps those who have been hospitalized get off drugs. I want to branch out and help the homeless find homes and get off

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HSE-480 FINAL PROJECT 28 drugs. As mentioned, my time at SNHU has been instrumental in helping me with Capstone. The Capstone is the final piece of the puzzle of all the work and effort I have made while at SNHU. Using all the knowledge I have garnered while at SNHU, I learned better ways to research and use the appropriate sources. With my Capstone and degree going hand in hand, I wanted to tie them together. I am working in Human Services, hoping to work with those who have substance abuse issues, so I wanted to make sure that my Capstone dealt with what I hoped to do with my future degree. It helped me find resources I might need when using my degree for my career. It also opened my eyes to the genuine need for help in my city. I am thinking about the ethical dilemmas I encountered while working on this and doing my school. I do not think I ran into any that I can think of. However, I did learn about all the ethical standards we are expected to follow, which we must do. Then there is also the need to be sure, we are not being biased. Thinking about it could become a problem when dealing with the homeless and those who are addicted. For those reasons, some will always be biased, and we cannot have that attitude. Now the Capstone did bring around a couple of issues in my city with the communities and our mayor not liking homeless people and making it criminal. So that will need to be addressed. I want to be able to do that, hopefully. So, it is time to move on with all the knowledge that I have gathered through my time at SNHU. I had many wonderful professors who also guided the journey and were instrumental in helping do the best that I can do and push me harder to make myself and my work better. I am nervous about what is to come however I know I have the knowledge and know how to do my best. Plus, I can see things from many different points of view using that knowledge and all the tools I was given in my time in this program.

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HSE-480 FINAL PROJECT 29 References Adam Friedman, A. M. and M. B. (2022, April 20). After a debate citing Hitler, Bill penalizing homelessness passes Tennessee legislature . The Tennessean. https://www.tennessean.com/story/news/politics/2022/04/18/tennessee-bill-penalizing- homelessness-passes-legislature-after-debate-citing-hitler/7287979001/ Adavelli, M. (2022, March 5). Homelessness statistics in the U.S. for 2021 | Policy Advice . PolicyAdvice. https://policyadvice.net/insurance/insights/homelessness-statistics/#: %7E:text=2.,US%20is%20estimated%20at%20552%2C830.&text=With%20around %20half%20a%20million,which%20counts%20over%20327.2%20million . Gemme, M. (2010, December 23). Substance Abuse Treatment & Long-Term Drug Rehab in Tennessee . Addicted.Org. https://www.addicted.org/tennessee-long-term-drug-rehab.html Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (2019, February 21). Health insurance portability and accountability act of 1996 (HIPAA) | CDC . Www.cdc.gov. https://www.cdc.gov/phlp/publications/topic/hipaa.html#:~:text=The%20Health %20Insurance%20Portability%20and The Challenge . (n.d.). The Challenge; www.lotuscampaign.org. Retrieved May 29, 2022, from https://www.lotuscampaign.org/the- challenge?gclid=CjwKCAjws8yUBhA1EiwAi_tpERX2gCGRwwmIU8wxhP8ulCABY_ YG9fc-5LOuIxgRwCGI_pXwRkw0XBoCxfsQAvD_BwE Goldberg, M. S. (2022, January 21). U.S. Mayors Say Homelessness Crisis Falls to Them, but They Lack Support and Funding . Boston University. https://www.bu.edu/articles/2022/us- mayors-lack-support-funding-for-homelessness-crisis/ Hance, M. T. T. (2020, December 24). Room in the Inn determined to not turn away the homeless on Christmas Eve . Nashville Tennessean.

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HSE-480 FINAL PROJECT 30 https://eu.tennessean.com/story/news/2020/12/24/nashville-homeless-christmas-eve- room-in-the-inn/3995919001/ Heron pointe . RentCafe. (n.d.). https://www.rentcafe.com/average-rent-market- trends/us/tn/Nashville/ Homeless in Tennessee Statistics 2019. Homeless Estimation by State | U.S. Interagency Council on homelessness . (n.d.). Homeless in Tennessee Statistics 2019. Homeless Estimation by State | U.S. Interagency Council on Homelessness; www.usich.gov. Retrieved May 29, 2022, from https://www.usich.gov/homelessness- statistics/tn/#:~:text=As%20of%20January%202020%2C%20Tennessee,and%20Urban% 20Development%20(HUD). Living Wage Calculator - Living Wage Calculation for Davidson County, Tennessee . (n.d.). Living Wage Calculator - Living Wage Calculation for Davidson County, Tennessee; livingwage.mit.edu. https://livingwage.mit.edu/counties/47037 Mazza, S. (2020, July 11). Number of homeless Nashvillians rises in 2020 point-in-time count . The Tennessean; www.tennessean.com . https://www.tennessean.com/story/news/local/2020/07/11/homeless-nashville-2020- point-time-count-results/5416177002/ Nashville.gov. 2022. Reasons for Homelessness . [online] Available at: <https://www.nashville.gov/departments/social-services/homeless-impact-division/about- homelessness> [Accessed 23 May 2022]. N.W., 1615 L. S., Suite 800Washington, & Inquiries, D. 20036USA202-419-4300 | M.-8.-8. | F.- 4.-4. | M. (n.d.). Religious Landscape Study . Pew Research CCCenter'sReligion & Public Life Project. Retrieved May 23, 2022, from https://www.pewresearch.org/religion/religious-landscape-study/state/tennessee/ Pirius, R. A. (2022, March 31). Tennessee Misdemeanor Crimes by Class and Sentences . Www.Criminaldefenselawyer.Com. https://www.criminaldefenselawyer.com/resources/tennessee-misdemeanor-crimes-class- and-sentences.htm#:%7E:text=Class%20C%20misdemeanors%20carry%20a,with %20intent%20to%20go%20armed.

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HSE-480 FINAL PROJECT 31 Reasons for Homelessness . (2020, October 10). Nashville.Gov. Retrieved May 29, 2022, from https://www.nashville.gov/departments/social-services/homeless-impact-division/about- homelessness Santarelli, M. (2022, April 30). Nashville real estate market: Prices: Trends: Forecasts 2022 . Norada Real Estate Investments. from https://www.noradarealestate.com/blog/nashville- real-estate-market/ Scott, T. (n.d.). Ethical standards for H.S. Professionals . MemberClicks. https://www.nationalhumanservices.org/ethical-standards-for-hs-professionals Services . Nashville Addiction Clinic. (2021, December 29). https://nashvilleaddictionclinic.com/services/ State of Homelessness: 2021 Edition . (2021, August 16). National Alliance to End Homelessness. https://endhomelessness.org/homelessness-in-america/homelessness-statistics/state-of- homelessness-2021 Substance Abuse & Homelessness: Statistics & Rehab Treatment . (2022, March 14). American Addiction Centers. https://americanaddictioncenters.org/rehab-guide/homeles U.S. Census Bureau quick facts: Davidson County, Tennessee . (n.d.). https://www.census.gov/quickfacts/davidsoncountytennessee VonHoltz, L., Frasso, R., Golinkoff, J. M., Lozano, A. J., Hanlon, A., & Dowshen, N. (2018). Internet and Social Media Access Among Youth Experiencing Homelessness: Mixed- Methods Study. Journal of medical Internet research , 20 (5), e184. https://doi.org/10.2196/jmir.9306 W community needs evaluation the State of Wellbeing - 2020 . (n.d.). https://filetransfer.nashville.gov/portals/0/sitecontent/SocialServices/docs/cne/CNE- 2020.pdf

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HSE-480 FINAL PROJECT 32 Young, A. (2022, February 17). Drug overdose deaths continue to soar amid the pandemic, a rise of Fentanyl . WTVF. https://www.newschannel5.com/news/drug-overdose-deaths- continue- to-soar-amid-pandemic-rise-of-fentanyl

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