Technology and Children Annotated
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Running head: TECHNOLOGY AND YOUNG CHILDREN
1
Technology and Young Children: Annotated Bibliography
Catherine Breaux
ENG122: English Composition II
Instructor Andrea Collins
January 25, 2018
TECHNOLOGY AND YOUNG CHILDREN
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Technology and Young Children: Annotated Bibliography
Working thesis statement:
Exposing young children to technology can be beneficial, but too
much exposure can alter the growth and development of their brain and prevent them from
developing communication skills.
Moffat, P. (2014). Screen Time.
Community Practitioner
,
87(11)
, 16–18.
Summary of article:
This article focuses on both positive and negative effects
technology has on young children.
When a child has access to too much screen time, it
can affect how their development.
Video games and other forms of learning technology
can increase reaction times and assist in multitasking.
Studies have shown that 77.4% of
children are more interested in reading when they have access to both books and touch-
screen technology.
When pairing young children and technology, "there are practical
public health concerns, such as the fact that children are quite static when using these
devices, and some might not get enough exercise".
In recent years, 92% of parents have
taken to restricting screen time.
These attempts have proved valuable because although
technology can help with learning
, "the idea that a child can learn a great deal from
educational games or stories may be negated by hours spent surfing through internet sites
or sitting in one spot in front of a tablet for long periods of time, with little physical
activity or interactive play and communication with family members or friends. "
Assessment of article:
This article was written by Polly Moffat, one of the editors for the
Community Practitioner.
This journal is ran by The Community Practitioners' and Health
TECHNOLOGY AND YOUNG CHILDREN
3
Visitors' Association (CPHVA).
CPHVA is the third largest professional nursing union
with a body of 18,500 members.
Reflection on article:
Based on this article, I can claim that reducing screen times for
young children can be beneficial to their health.
This claim will support my argument by
showing that due to the adverse effects of having too much access to technology, 92% of
parents have chosen to limit their children's screen time in an effort to combat this.
Ružić-Baf, M., Rajović, R., & Debeljuh, A. (2017). ICT, Digital Rest (or Tiredness?) Spending
Free Time in Front of a Screen.
TEM Journal
,
6(4)
, 883-887. doi:10.18421/TEM64-31
Summary of article:
This article explores the use of technology among young children.
In this age of technology, we can access the internet at the touch of a finger.
Children are
spending more time than ever on technology rather than socializing with their friends and
family or engaging in physical activities.
The authors of the article reference various
sources when stating that, “Many authors link the excessive and inadequate usage of
computers to behaviors that lead to aggression in children.”
Due to the number of hours
that children are spending on technology, they are at a higher risk of developing certain
disorders such as “dyslexia, dysgraphia, dyscalculia, especially among children starting
first grade.”
In a study conducted out of 1,286 children with ages ranging from 7 to 10, it
was found that “children spend a lot of time in front of the TV during school days. A total
of 38.1% of the boys and 34.8% of the girls.”
When using technological devices, there
are nine reasons that usage should be monitored and restricted when regarding children.
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4
These reasons are, “faster growth of the brain, slower development, chronic obesity, sleep
disorders, mental illness, aggression, digital dementia, addiction, and radiation.”
Assessment of article:
This article was written by Maja Ružić-Baf, Ranko Rajović,
Andrea Debeljuh.
These individuals have all published various articles and are
professors at the University of Pula.
I found this source through the Ashford Library.
Reflection on article:
Based on this article, I can claim that children who spend an
excessive amount of time on technology, are at a higher risk for various disorders that
affect their health.
This claim will support my argument by showing that technology
should be limited for younger children because it can affect their overall development and
leave them at a higher risk for issues such as aggression, sleep disorders, and chronic
obesity.
Young, K. (2017). Children and Technology: Guidelines for Parents-Rules for Every Age.
IEEE
Technology and Society Magazine
,
36(1)
, 27-29. doi: 10.1109/MTS.2017.2670223
Summary of article:
This article discusses the developmentally appropriate amount of
technology used for each age group.
From the birth to the age of 3, technology should
either be severely limited or not used at all.
At this age, screen time prevents the child
from developing social communication and an attachment to family members.
By
refraining from using technology in this period, the child can gain sensory motor skills
and reading skills by using physical objects and interacting with other children.
From the
3 to 6 years old, a moderate amount of technology use is acceptable for growth and
development.
Some appropriate ways to use technology at this age include "using an
TECHNOLOGY AND YOUNG CHILDREN
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eReader for story time, sorting shapes and finding hidden objects, and accessing
electronic toys that educate and teach numbers, letters, and vowel sounds." Ages 6-9
allow the child to have a little more exposure to technology.
At this age, children need to
focus on "balancing technology with social and physical behavior."
This period is a
critical time to work on family bonding by playing group games such as Just Dance,
which is also physically engaging.
Assessment of article:
This article was published in 2017 to
IEEE Technology and
Society Magazine
.
The author Kimberly Young has a Ph.D. in Clinical Psychology and is
one of the leading experts on Internet addiction and online behavior.
She is the founder
of the Center of Internet Addiction and has published over 40 journal articles and books.
Reflection on article:
Based on this article, I can claim that technology, when monitored
can be technologically beneficial to children of specific age groups.
This claim will
support my argument by showing that different ages require a different level of exposure
to technology.
Technology can affect each age group differently depending on what their
individual developmental needs are.
Sanders, W., Parent, J., Forehand, R., & Breslend, N. L. (2016). The roles of general and
technology-related parenting in managing youth screen time.
Journal Of Family
Psychology
,
30
(5), 641-646. doi:10.1037/fam0000175
Summary of article:
The number of mobile devices owned per household has gone up
exponentially within the last five years.
Due to this growth, the amount of screen time
that young children are exposed to has almost doubled according to research.
Excessive
TECHNOLOGY AND YOUNG CHILDREN
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screen time is associated with both "physical and behavioral health problems."
Aside
from these concerns, exposure to various types of media has shown to improve overall
academic performance and developmental literacy.
Although parents "perceive
technology use as important to their child’s academic and future job success," they are
also beginning to see it as a negative when excessively exposed to it.
One research
project conducted by the University of Vermont showed that on average, younger
children were spending on average, over 7 hours daily on different forms of technology.
This study concluded that "parents struggling to manage their child’s screen time may
benefit from specific resources or guidance around setting boundaries and improving
their ability to set limits on their child’s access to media devices."
Assessment of article:
The authors of this report are Wesley Sanders, Justin Parent, Rex
Forehand, and Nicole Lafko Breslend.
Wesley Sanders holds a Ph.D. in Clinical
Psychology and is a teaching assistant for Developmental Psychology with a focus on
children.
Justin Parent holds a Ph.D. in Clinical and Developmental Psychology.
He is
currently a teaching assistant at Florida International University in the Center for
Children and Families.
Parent is the author of over 45 articles and an editor for the
Journal of Child and Family Studies.
Rex Forehand holds a Ph.D. in Psychology and is
currently a distinguished professor at the University of Vermont.
He has published over
400 articles in various publications.
Nicole Lafko Breslend holds a Ph.D. in
Developmental Psychology and is an assistant professor of Psychological Science.
She
has published over 15 articles in numerous publications.
This article was published in the
Journal of Family Psychology which is ran by the American Psychological Association.
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Reflection on article:
Based on this article, I can claim that although technology is
linked to future academic and professional success, when used in excess it can be harmful
to development.
This claim will support my argument by providing insight for both a
counterargument and a rebuttal for my paper.
Donohue, C., & Schomburg, R. (2017). Technology and Interactive Media in Early Childhood
Programs.
YC: Young Children
,
72(4),
72.
Summary of article:
This article focuses on the use of technology both in and out of the
classroom in early childhood education.
In the classroom, there is a need for more
"digitally literate educators."
Due to technology being such a prevalent source of
information in today's day and age, these types of educators are needed so that they can
effectively provide tools and media that are developmentally appropriate for the children
in their classes.
One of the key messages given in the article regarding the use of
technology and media was, " When used intentionally and appropriately, technology and
interactive media are effective tools to support learning and development."
According to
the American Academy of Pediatrics, "parents need to be mindful about the risks of
displacing or replacing essential developmental experiences in the early years due to
overuse of technology."
Technology and media should be limited for all ages up to five
years old so that the children can be physically active and can engage with friends and
family without distractions.
In a report released by the Fred Rogers Center and the
Technology in Early Childhood Center, they stated that "the majority of children's use of
technology or media includes imagining, playing, wondering, creating, and reflecting.
TECHNOLOGY AND YOUNG CHILDREN
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This bolsters the notion that technology and media-when appropriately used-can improve
children's readiness for school and enhance their social and emotional development."
Although technology can be used to support early childhood education with a focus on
social and emotional development, "computers don't begin to compare in significance to
the teacher-child relationship, which is human and mutual."
Assessment of article:
This article was written by Chip Donohue and Roberta
Schomburg.
Chip Donohue holds a Ph.D. and is internationally recognized as a leader in
the field of technology in early childhood.
He is the dean of distance learning at Erikson
Institute and has published over 20 articles.
Roberta Schomburg holds a Ph.D. in
Administrative and Policy Studies.
She is the professor of education at Carlow
University and has published and consulted on a variety of topics in early childhood
development.
This article was published in the National Association for the Education of
Young Children, which is an organization comprised of almost 60,000 members of the
early childhood community.
Reflection on article:
Based on this article, I can claim that technology and other forms
of media can be useful tools to assist in learning and development when used
appropriately.
This claim will support my argument by showing that the educational
quality of what children watch and play is more important than how much time they
spend doing it.